Metric dictionary

Every metric key a session can return, per movement, straight from the registry the analysers use. The same rows are available as JSON at /metric-dictionary.json — prefer that for tooling.

Each movement has a table of numbers; each key’s definition is listed once, in the Definitions section at the end — every key in a table links to it.

How to read the columns

• Unit — value_num is always in this unit (SI; see Reading results). pct is 0–100, bw is multiples of body weight, score is 0–100.
• Type — number is a scalar in value_num. number+series also carries a per-frame time series in value_json. trajectory is a 2D path and categorical a labelled reading, both in value_json with value_num: null.
• Good / Amber — the population-default normal range, and the wider “outside normal, not high-risk” band. A session’s metric_targets holds the band resolved for that athlete; Personalised says which attributes move it.
• Better — ↑ higher is better, ↓ lower is better, · depends on the goal.
• Side — per side: one value per limb (a left_… / right_… pair). L/R: compares the two sides. Frontal-plane asymmetry needs a front or back camera_view.
• Basis — measured: computed directly from tracked body points. estimated: a camera proxy, or a force / power value that uses the athlete’s height and weight — send a client profile for these.
• Status — beta: not yet through clinical or force-plate validation. display: shown but not part of the technique score.
• Norm — the evidence grade of the Movement Norms Library reference the band is taken from, when there is one.

Null behaviour. A metric the analyser could not measure on a clip is omitted from metrics or returned with value_num: null — never as 0. Read capture_findings before trusting a completed session: a clip the pose model could barely see still produces numbers.

AI. No metric value is AI-generated. Every value is computed by a fixed algorithm from tracked body points (pose estimation is a trained model; the measurement on top of it is deterministic). Only the coaching commentary is written by a language model.

Running (running)

Treadmill

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cadence	Cadence	spm	number+series	165–185	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	validated
stance_length	Stance Length	m	number+series	0.45–0.75	—	·	—	measured	gender, height	—	assumed
stride_length	Step Length (earlier method)	m	number+series	1.1–1.6	—	·	—	measured	gender, height	—	experimental
contact_time	Ground Contact	ms	number+series	180–260	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number+series	70–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
vertical_oscillation	Vertical Oscillation	cm	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	height	beta, display	experimental
pace	Pace	min_per_km	number	3.3–8.3	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
speed	Speed	m_per_s	number+series	2–5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
footstrike	Foot Strike Pattern	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
foot_strike_angle	Foot Strike Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
balance_lr	L/R Balance	pct	number	46–54	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
hip_adduction	Hip Adduction	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	0–5	…–7.5	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
step_width	Step Width	cm	number+series	4–12	0–16	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
lr_asymmetry	L/R Asymmetry (hip adduction)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pelvic_drop	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	—
trunk_inclination	Trunk Inclination	deg	number+series	5–12	1.5–15.5	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_swing_time	Swing Time L	ms	number	300–550	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_swing_time	Swing Time R	ms	number	300–550	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion L	deg	number	40–75	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion R	deg	number	40–75	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion L	deg	number	90–130	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion R	deg	number	90–130	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean L	deg	number	4–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
right_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean R	deg	number	4–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe L	cm	number	0–15	—	·	per side	estimated	—	beta	—
right_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe R	cm	number	0–15	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt L	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt R	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Ground Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
shank_angle	Shank angle	deg	number+series	0–10	…–20	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
push_angle	Push-off angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
angular_speed	Shank angular speed	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
v_hipx_min	Min forward hip velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stride_time	Step time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
run_duration	Clip duration	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
distance	Distance	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elevation	Elevation Change	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
ankle_dorsiflexion	Ankle dorsiflexion	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_intersection_angle	Hip intersection	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
contact_angle	Contact angle	deg	number	0–15	…–30	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
pyd	Average Power	w_per_kg	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
instantaneous_power	Instantaneous Power	w_per_kg	number+series	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
vertical_force	Vertical Force	n	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
leg_stiffness	Leg Stiffness	kn_per_m	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
com_vertical_stiffness	Vertical Stiffness	kn_per_m	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
peak_vgrf	Peak Vertical Force	bw	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
leg_stiffness_confidence	Leg Stiffness Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
com_vertical_stiffness_confidence	Vertical Stiffness Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_vgrf_confidence	Peak Vertical Force Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
heel_trajectory	Heel Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Overground

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cadence	Cadence	spm	number+series	165–185	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	validated
stance_length	Stance Length	m	number+series	0.45–0.75	—	·	—	measured	gender, height	—	assumed
stride_length	Step Length (earlier method)	m	number+series	1.1–1.6	—	·	—	measured	gender, height	—	experimental
contact_time	Ground Contact	ms	number+series	180–260	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number+series	70–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
vertical_oscillation	Vertical Oscillation	cm	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	height	beta, display	experimental
pace	Pace	min_per_km	number	3.3–8.3	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
speed	Speed	m_per_s	number+series	2–5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
footstrike	Foot Strike Pattern	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
foot_strike_angle	Foot Strike Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
balance_lr	L/R Balance	pct	number	46–54	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
hip_adduction	Hip Adduction	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	0–5	…–7.5	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
step_width	Step Width	cm	number+series	4–12	0–16	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
lr_asymmetry	L/R Asymmetry (hip adduction)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pelvic_drop	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	—
trunk_inclination	Trunk Inclination	deg	number+series	5–12	1.5–15.5	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_swing_time	Swing Time L	ms	number	300–550	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_swing_time	Swing Time R	ms	number	300–550	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion L	deg	number	40–75	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion R	deg	number	40–75	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion L	deg	number	90–130	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion R	deg	number	90–130	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean L	deg	number	4–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
right_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean R	deg	number	4–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe L	cm	number	0–15	—	·	per side	estimated	—	beta	—
right_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe R	cm	number	0–15	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt L	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt R	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Ground Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
shank_angle	Shank angle	deg	number+series	0–10	…–20	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
push_angle	Push-off angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
angular_speed	Shank angular speed	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
v_hipx_min	Min forward hip velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stride_time	Step time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
run_duration	Clip duration	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
distance	Distance	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elevation	Elevation Change	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
ankle_dorsiflexion	Ankle dorsiflexion	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_intersection_angle	Hip intersection	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
contact_angle	Contact angle	deg	number	0–15	…–30	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
pyd	Average Power	w_per_kg	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
instantaneous_power	Instantaneous Power	w_per_kg	number+series	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
vertical_force	Vertical Force	n	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
leg_stiffness	Leg Stiffness	kn_per_m	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
com_vertical_stiffness	Vertical Stiffness	kn_per_m	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
peak_vgrf	Peak Vertical Force	bw	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
leg_stiffness_confidence	Leg Stiffness Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
com_vertical_stiffness_confidence	Vertical Stiffness Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_vgrf_confidence	Peak Vertical Force Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
heel_trajectory	Heel Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

20 m Sprint

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
sprint_split_5m	5 m Split	s	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	assumed
sprint_split_10m	10 m Split	s	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	assumed
sprint_split_20m	20 m Split	s	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	assumed
sprint_v0	Theoretical Max Velocity (V0)	m_per_s	number	8.5–9.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
sprint_f0	Theoretical Max Force (F0)	n_per_kg	number	7–8.5	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	assumed
sprint_p_max	Max Horizontal Power	w_per_kg	number	18–23	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	assumed
sprint_rf_max	Peak Ratio of Force	pct	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
sprint_d_rf	Index of Force Application	ratio	number	-0.09–-0.06	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
sprint_trunk_angle_20m	Trunk Angle (20 m)	deg	number	75–90	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
sprint_mean_velocity	Mean Velocity by Split	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
sprint_velocity_curve	Velocity Curve	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
sprint_trunk_angle_first_step	Trunk Angle (first step)	deg	number	40–55	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
step_length	Step Length	m	number	1.7–2.2	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
step_frequency	Step Frequency	hz	number	4–4.8	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
contact_time	Ground Contact	ms	number	90–110	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	110–140	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
stance_pct	Stance Share	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed

Walking (walking)

Treadmill

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cadence	Cadence	spm	number+series	95–135	—	·	—	measured	gender	—	validated
speed	Speed	m_per_s	number+series	1.19–1.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
speed_confidence	Speed Source	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
footstrike	Foot Strike Pattern	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
foot_strike_angle	Foot Strike Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
stance_length	Stance Length	m	number+series	0.6–0.9	—	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
stride_length	Stride Length	m	number	1.2–1.5	—	↑	—	measured	height	—	validated
step_length	Step Length	m	number	0.6–0.78	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
step_width	Step Width	cm	number+series	7–13	4–16	·	—	measured	height	—	validated
contact_time	Stance Time	ms	number+series	450–750	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
double_support_time	Double Support	ms	number	100–220	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
stance_pct	Stance Phase	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
swing_pct	Swing Phase	pct	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
double_support_pct	Double Support (% cycle)	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
stride_time_cv	Stride Time Variability	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
step_length_asymmetry	Step Length Asymmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
arm_swing_rom	Arm Swing	deg	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_lr	L/R Balance	pct	number	46–54	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	0–6	…–9	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction	Hip Adduction	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	0–4	…–6	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
lr_asymmetry	L/R Asymmetry (hip adduction)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pelvic_drop	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
trunk_inclination	Trunk Inclination	deg	number+series	3–8	0.5–10.5	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
knee_flexion	Knee Flexion (stance)	deg	number+series	15–25	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
ankle_dorsiflexion	Ankle dorsiflexion	deg	number+series	8–15	—	·	—	measured	—	—	validated
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	2–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hip_extension	Hip Extension	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_swing_time	Swing Time L	ms	number	350–600	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_swing_time	Swing Time R	ms	number	350–600	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion L	deg	number	25–50	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion R	deg	number	25–50	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion L	deg	number	50–80	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion R	deg	number	50–80	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean L	deg	number	0–8	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
right_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean R	deg	number	0–8	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe L	cm	number	0–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
right_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe R	cm	number	0–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
left_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt L	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt R	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Ground Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
contact_angle	Contact angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
shank_angle	Shank angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
push_angle	Push-off angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
angular_speed	Shank angular speed	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
v_hipx_min	Min forward hip velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stride_time	Step time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
run_duration	Clip duration	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
distance	Distance	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elevation	Elevation Change	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
heel_trajectory	Heel Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Overground

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cadence	Cadence	spm	number+series	95–135	—	·	—	measured	gender	—	validated
speed	Speed	m_per_s	number+series	1.19–1.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
speed_confidence	Speed Source	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
footstrike	Foot Strike Pattern	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
foot_strike_angle	Foot Strike Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
stance_length	Stance Length	m	number+series	0.6–0.9	—	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
stride_length	Stride Length	m	number	1.2–1.5	—	↑	—	measured	height	—	validated
step_length	Step Length	m	number	0.6–0.78	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
step_width	Step Width	cm	number+series	7–13	4–16	·	—	measured	height	—	validated
contact_time	Stance Time	ms	number+series	450–750	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
double_support_time	Double Support	ms	number	100–220	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
stance_pct	Stance Phase	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
swing_pct	Swing Phase	pct	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
double_support_pct	Double Support (% cycle)	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
stride_time_cv	Stride Time Variability	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
step_length_asymmetry	Step Length Asymmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
arm_swing_rom	Arm Swing	deg	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
balance_lr	L/R Balance	pct	number	46–54	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	0–6	…–9	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction	Hip Adduction	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	0–4	…–6	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
lr_asymmetry	L/R Asymmetry (hip adduction)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pelvic_drop	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
trunk_inclination	Trunk Inclination	deg	number+series	3–8	0.5–10.5	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
knee_flexion	Knee Flexion (stance)	deg	number+series	15–25	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
ankle_dorsiflexion	Ankle dorsiflexion	deg	number+series	8–15	—	·	—	measured	—	—	validated
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	2–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hip_extension	Hip Extension	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_swing_time	Swing Time L	ms	number	350–600	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_swing_time	Swing Time R	ms	number	350–600	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion L	deg	number	25–50	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion R	deg	number	25–50	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion L	deg	number	50–80	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion R	deg	number	50–80	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean L	deg	number	0–8	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
right_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean R	deg	number	0–8	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe L	cm	number	0–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
right_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe R	cm	number	0–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
left_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt L	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt R	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Ground Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
contact_angle	Contact angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
shank_angle	Shank angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
push_angle	Push-off angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
angular_speed	Shank angular speed	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
v_hipx_min	Min forward hip velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stride_time	Step time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
run_duration	Clip duration	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
distance	Distance	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elevation	Elevation Change	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
heel_trajectory	Heel Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Timed Walk

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cadence	Cadence	spm	number+series	95–135	—	·	—	measured	—	—	validated
speed	Speed	m_per_s	number+series	1.19–1.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
speed_confidence	Speed Source	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
footstrike	Foot Strike Pattern	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
foot_strike_angle	Foot Strike Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
stance_length	Stance Length	m	number+series	0.6–0.9	—	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
stride_length	Stride Length	m	number	1.2–1.5	—	↑	—	measured	height	—	validated
step_length	Step Length	m	number	0.6–0.78	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
step_width	Step Width	cm	number+series	7–13	4–16	·	—	measured	height	—	validated
contact_time	Stance Time	ms	number+series	450–750	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
double_support_time	Double Support	ms	number	100–220	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
stance_pct	Stance Phase	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
swing_pct	Swing Phase	pct	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
double_support_pct	Double Support (% cycle)	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
stride_time_cv	Stride Time Variability	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
step_length_asymmetry	Step Length Asymmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
arm_swing_rom	Arm Swing	deg	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
balance_lr	L/R Balance	pct	number	46–54	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	0–6	…–9	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction	Hip Adduction	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	0–4	…–6	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
lr_asymmetry	L/R Asymmetry (hip adduction)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pelvic_drop	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
trunk_inclination	Trunk Inclination	deg	number+series	3–8	0.5–10.5	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
knee_flexion	Knee Flexion (stance)	deg	number+series	15–25	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
ankle_dorsiflexion	Ankle dorsiflexion	deg	number+series	8–15	—	·	—	measured	—	—	validated
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	2–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hip_extension	Hip Extension	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_swing_time	Swing Time L	ms	number	350–600	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_swing_time	Swing Time R	ms	number	350–600	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion L	deg	number	25–50	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion R	deg	number	25–50	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion L	deg	number	50–80	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion R	deg	number	50–80	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean L	deg	number	0–8	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
right_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean R	deg	number	0–8	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe L	cm	number	0–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
right_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe R	cm	number	0–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
left_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt L	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt R	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Ground Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
contact_angle	Contact angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
shank_angle	Shank angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
push_angle	Push-off angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
angular_speed	Shank angular speed	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
v_hipx_min	Min forward hip velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stride_time	Step time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
run_duration	Clip duration	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
distance	Distance	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elevation	Elevation Change	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
heel_trajectory	Heel Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Timed Up and Go

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
tug_total_time	TUG Total Time	s	number	…–7.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	assumed
tug_total_time_confidence	TUG Timing Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
tug_timing_note	TUG Timing Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
tug_sit_to_stand_time	TUG Sit-to-Stand	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
tug_walk_out_time	TUG Walk Out	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
tug_turn_time	TUG Turn	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
tug_walk_back_time	TUG Walk Back	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
tug_turn_steps	TUG Turn Steps	count	number	…–4	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	assumed
tug_walk_out_cadence	TUG Walk Out Cadence	spm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tug_walk_back_cadence	TUG Walk Back Cadence	spm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tug_walk_out_contact_time	TUG Walk Out Stance	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tug_walk_back_contact_time	TUG Walk Back Stance	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tug_sit_down_time	TUG Sit Down	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—

Vertical Jump (jump)

Countermovement Jump

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
jump_height	Jump Height	cm	number+series	30–70	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	validated
takeoff_velocity	Takeoff Velocity	m_per_s	number	2.2–3.4	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	experimental
countermovement_depth	Countermovement Depth	cm	number	20–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
contact_time	Contact Time	ms	number	200–450	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	400–750	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
grf	GRF	bw	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	1500–3500	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
relative_peak_force	Relative Peak Force	n_per_kg	number	20–35	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
impulse	Vertical Impulse	n_s	number	150–300	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	—	experimental
avg_propulsive_force	Avg Propulsive Force	n	number	1000–2500	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
braking_impulse	Braking Impulse	n_s	number	60–200	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	—	experimental
braking_impulse_duration	Braking Impulse Duration	ms	number	80–250	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
propulsive_impulse	Propulsive Impulse	n_s	number	150–300	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	—	experimental
propulsive_impulse_duration	Propulsive Impulse Duration	ms	number	200–450	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	2800–6000	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	beta	validated
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	35–55	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	beta	validated
eccentric_mean_power	Eccentric Mean Power	w	number	500–1500	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	beta	experimental
concentric_mean_power	Concentric Mean Power	w	number	1500–3000	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	beta	experimental
vertical_stiffness	Vertical Stiffness	kn_per_m	number	5–15	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
mrsi	Modified RSI (mRSI)	m_per_s	number	0.4–0.85	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta	—
vertical_velocity	Vertical Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_trajectory	Ankle Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus L (Landing)	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus R (Landing)	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	validated
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
left_hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction L (Landing)	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction R (Landing)	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
landing_asymmetry	Landing Asymmetry	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
landing_asymmetry_delta	Landing Valgus L–R Difference	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_velocity_landing	Valgus Rate (Landing)	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus_velocity_landing	Valgus Rate L (Landing)	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_valgus_velocity_landing	Valgus Rate R (Landing)	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_settle_range	Knee Settle Range (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus_settle_range	Knee Settle Range L (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_valgus_settle_range	Knee Settle Range R (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_time_to_stability	Time to Stability (Landing)	s	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus_time_to_stability	Time to Stability L (Landing)	s	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_valgus_time_to_stability	Time to Stability R (Landing)	s	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
pelvic_tilt_landing	Pelvic Tilt (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pelvic_rotation_screen	Pelvic Rotation (Screen)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
foot_pronation_landing	Rear-Foot Pronation (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_foot_pronation_landing	Rear-Foot Pronation L (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_foot_pronation_landing	Rear-Foot Pronation R (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
peak_knee_flexion_landing	Peak Knee Flexion (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
landing_strategy	Landing Strategy	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_flexion_excursion	Knee Excursion (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
hip_flexion_excursion	Hip Excursion (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ankle_flexion_excursion	Ankle Excursion (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tibial_inclination_ic	Shin Angle at Contact	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tibial_inclination_peak_flexion	Shin Angle at Peak Flexion	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
landing_absorption_captured	Landing Absorption Captured	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
landing_frontal_captured	Landing Frontal Read Captured	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_width_landing	Stance Width (Landing)	cm	number	18–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
total_time	Total Time	ms	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
landing_time	Landing Time	ms	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
damping_time	Damping Time	ms	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
cmj_validity	Trial Validity	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Drop Jump

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
jump_height	Jump Height	cm	number+series	25–60	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	validated
takeoff_velocity	Takeoff Velocity	m_per_s	number	2.1–3.2	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	experimental
contact_time	Contact Time	ms	number	150–300	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	350–700	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
total_time	Total Time	ms	number	1000–2000	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	assumed
landing_time	Landing Time	ms	number	50–180	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
damping_time	Damping Time	ms	number	80–200	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
grf	GRF	bw	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	1500–4500	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
impulse	Vertical Impulse	n_s	number	140–280	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	—	experimental
braking_impulse	Braking Impulse	n_s	number	80–200	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
braking_impulse_duration	Braking Impulse Duration	ms	number	60–180	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
propulsive_impulse	Propulsive Impulse	n_s	number	120–260	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
propulsive_impulse_duration	Propulsive Impulse Duration	ms	number	90–220	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	2400–6000	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	—	validated
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	30–55	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	—	validated
eccentric_mean_power	Eccentric Mean Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
concentric_mean_power	Concentric Mean Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
lower_limb_stiffness	Lower Limb Stiffness	kn_per_m	number	10–45	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
rsi	Reactive Strength Index	m_per_s	number	0.3–0.7	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta	validated
landing_force	Landing Force	bw	number	2–4	—	↓	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
knee_jerk_angle	Knee Flexion (Bottom)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
vertical_velocity	Vertical Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_trajectory	Ankle Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus L (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus R (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	validated
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction L (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction R (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
landing_asymmetry	Landing Asymmetry	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
landing_asymmetry_first	Landing Asymmetry (1st)	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
landing_asymmetry_second	Landing Asymmetry (2nd)	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
landing_asymmetry_delta_first	Landing Valgus L–R Difference (1st)	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
landing_asymmetry_delta_second	Landing Valgus L–R Difference (2nd)	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
stance_width_landing	Stance Width (Landing)	cm	number	18–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–12	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–12	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	0–7	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	0–7	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Single Leg Broad Jump

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
hop_distance	Hop Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop_distance_normalized	Hop Distance / Height	pct	number	95–125	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
takeoff_duration	Take-Off Duration	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
reactive_strength_ratio	Reactive Strength Ratio	ratio	number	1–2.5	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_takeoff_force	Peak Take-Off Force	bw	number	2–3.5	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
concentric_impulse	Concentric Impulse	bw_s	number	0.1–0.18	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
knee_flexion_ic	Knee Flexion at Contact	deg	number	25–60	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
landing_alpha_angle	Landing Alpha Angle	deg	number	45–75	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
landing_beta_angle	Landing Beta Angle	deg	number	30–60	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_flexion_landing	Trunk Flexion (Landing)	deg	number	20–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_landing_force	Peak Landing Force	bw	number	2.5–5	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
vertical_loading_rate	Vertical Loading Rate	bw_per_s	number	40–80	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
time_to_peak_landing_force	Time to Peak Landing Force	ms	number	50–120	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
landing_impulse	Landing Impulse	bw_s	number	0.1–0.25	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
time_to_stabilisation	Time to Stabilisation	s	number	1–2.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
vertical_stability_index	Vertical Stability Index	bw	number	0.2–0.38	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
anteroposterior_stability_index	Anteroposterior Stability Index	bw	number	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
mediolateral_stability_index	Mediolateral Stability Index	bw	number	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
hop_distance_confidence	Hop Distance Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg	Stance Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg_confidence	Stance Leg Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trial_confidence	Trial Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
medial_knee_displacement	Medial Knee Displacement	cm	number	0–2.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
contralateral_pelvic_drop	Contralateral Pelvic Drop	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_internal_rotation_grade	Hip IR Grade	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Single Leg Drop Jump

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
jump_height	Jump Height	cm	number+series	18–28	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	300–420	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
contact_time	Contact Time	ms	number	200–300	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
rsi	Reactive Strength Index	m_per_s	number	0.25–0.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
drop_flight_time	Drop Flight Time	ms	number	200–300	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
mean_braking_force	Mean Braking Force	bw	number	1.2–1.8	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
peak_braking_force	Peak Braking Force	bw	number	2–3.5	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
braking_phase_duration	Braking Phase	ms	number	80–130	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
mean_propulsion_force	Mean Propulsion Force	bw	number	1.1–1.4	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
peak_propulsion_force	Peak Propulsion Force	bw	number	1.5–2.2	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
propulsion_phase_duration	Propulsion Phase	ms	number	100–160	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
takeoff_velocity	Takeoff Velocity	m_per_s	number	1.9–2.3	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
landing_force	Landing Force	bw	number	1–3	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
impulse	Vertical Impulse	n_s	number	80–250	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	1200–2600	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	1500–3000	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	20–45	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
stance_leg	Stance Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg_confidence	Stance Leg Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
grf	GRF	bw	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
vertical_velocity	Vertical Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_trajectory	Ankle Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Single Leg Hop and Return

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
peak_takeoff_force	Peak Take-Off Force	bw	number	2–3.5	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
concentric_impulse	Concentric Impulse	bw_s	number	0.1–0.18	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
eccentric_duration	Eccentric Duration	ms	number	80–150	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
contact_time	Contact Time	ms	number	300–500	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
peak_first_landing_force	Peak First Landing Force	bw	number	2.5–5	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
vertical_loading_rate	Vertical Loading Rate	bw_per_s	number	40–80	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
time_to_peak_landing_force	Time to Peak Landing Force	ms	number	50–120	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
landing_impulse	Landing Impulse	bw_s	number	0.1–0.25	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	assumed
rsi	Reactive Strength Index	m_per_s	number	0.25–0.55	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
jump_height	Hop Height	cm	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop_distance	Hop Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop_distance_confidence	Hop Distance Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_second_landing_force	Peak Second Landing Force	bw	number	2–4	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
time_to_stabilisation	Time to Stabilisation	s	number	1.5–3	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
vertical_stability_index	Vertical Stability Index	bw	number	0.2–0.38	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
anteroposterior_stability_index	Anteroposterior Stability Index	bw	number	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
mediolateral_stability_index	Mediolateral Stability Index	bw	number	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
stance_leg	Stance Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg_confidence	Stance Leg Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trial_confidence	Trial Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Single Leg Land and Hold

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
peak_landing_force	Peak Landing Force	bw	number	2.5–4.5	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
vertical_loading_rate	Vertical Loading Rate	bw_per_s	number	40–80	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
time_to_peak_landing_force	Time to Peak Landing Force	ms	number	50–120	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
landing_impulse	Landing Impulse	bw_s	number	0.1–0.25	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	assumed
time_to_stabilisation	Time to Stabilisation	s	number	1–2.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
vertical_stability_index	Vertical Stability Index	bw	number	0.2–0.38	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
anteroposterior_stability_index	Anteroposterior Stability Index	bw	number	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
mediolateral_stability_index	Mediolateral Stability Index	bw	number	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
drop_flight_time	Drop Flight Time	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
stance_leg	Stance Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg_confidence	Stance Leg Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
grf	GRF	bw	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
vertical_velocity	Vertical Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_trajectory	Ankle Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Single Leg Triple Hop

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
total_hop_distance	Total Hop Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
total_hop_distance_normalized	Hop Distance / Height	ratio	number	4–4.6	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop1_distance	Hop 1 Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop2_distance	Hop 2 Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop3_distance	Hop 3 Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop_decrement_ratio	Hop 1:3 Decrement	ratio	number	0.9–1.05	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
contact_time	Contact Time	ms	number	150–250	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
rsi_hop	RSI-Hop	m_per_s	number	1.5–2.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
takeoff_velocity	Take-Off Velocity	m_per_s	number	3.5–5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
com_vertical_displacement	COM Vertical Displacement	cm	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
knee_flexion_ic	Knee Flexion at Contact	deg	number	25–40	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion	deg	number	60–90	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_flexion_landing	Trunk Flexion (Landing)	deg	number	20–35	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_flexion_ic	Hip Flexion at Contact	deg	number	45–70	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_dorsiflexion_ic	Ankle Dorsiflexion at Contact	deg	number	15–25	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
ankle_dorsiflexion_peak	Peak Ankle Dorsiflexion	deg	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
time_to_stabilisation	Time to Stabilisation	s	number	1–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
distance_confidence	Distance Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg	Stance Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg_confidence	Stance Leg Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trial_confidence	Trial Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
medial_knee_displacement	Medial Knee Displacement	cm	number	0–2.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
contralateral_pelvic_drop	Contralateral Pelvic Drop	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_internal_rotation_grade	Hip IR Grade	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Squat Jump

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
jump_height	Jump Height	cm	number+series	25–55	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
takeoff_velocity	Takeoff Velocity	m_per_s	number	2.1–3.2	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	350–700	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
grf	GRF	bw	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	1500–3500	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
relative_peak_force	Relative Peak Force	n_per_kg	number	20–35	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
impulse	Vertical Impulse	n_s	number	130–280	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	2000–4500	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	25–45	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
concentric_mean_power	Concentric Mean Power	w	number	1500–3500	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
relative_concentric_mean_power	Rel. Concentric Mean Power	w_per_kg	number	20–40	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
rfd	Rate of Force Development	n_per_s	number+series	5000–15000	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
time_to_peak_force	Time to Peak Force	ms	number	100–300	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
vertical_velocity	Vertical Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_trajectory	Ankle Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
sj_validity	Trial Validity	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus L (Landing)	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus R (Landing)	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	validated
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
left_hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction L (Landing)	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction R (Landing)	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
landing_asymmetry	Landing Asymmetry	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
landing_asymmetry_delta	Landing Valgus L–R Difference	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_width_landing	Stance Width (Landing)	cm	number	18–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Weightlifting (weightlifting)

Clean

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
bar_path_deviation	Bar Path Deviation	cm	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
bar_trajectory	Bar Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_bar_velocity	Peak Bar Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	1.3–3	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
peak_bar_velocity_confidence	Peak Bar Velocity Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
squat_depth	Hip Drop	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
tempo	Lift Tempo	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
total_lift_time	Total Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
torso_angle_pull	Torso Angle (Pull)	deg	number	25–60	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
hip_extension_angle	Hip Extension	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_extension_confidence	Hip Extension Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
knee_angle_catch	Knee Angle (Catch)	deg	number	70–115	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
bar_past_the_knee_speed	Bar Past-Knee Speed	m_per_s	number	0.8–1.5	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bar_past_the_knee_acceleration	Bar Past-Knee Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bar_past_the_knee_confidence	Bar Past-Knee Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_path_toward_body	Bar Path Toward Body	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_path_loop	Bar Path Forward Loop	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_path_return	Bar Path Return	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_path_forward_of_start	Bar Forward of Start Line	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
lift_peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_grf	Ground Reaction Force	n	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_peak_force_confidence	Peak Force Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_power	Power Output	w	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_peak_power_confidence	Peak Power Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt_peak	Bar Tilt	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt	Bar Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
bar_lateral_drift_peak	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_lateral_drift	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_shoulder_asymmetry_peak	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number	0–7	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
hip_shoulder_asymmetry	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number+series	—	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
stance_width_setup	Stance Width (Setup)	cm	number	28–48	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
stance_width_ratio	Stance Width Ratio	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
left_knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus L (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus R (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
torso_angle_liftoff	Torso Angle (Lift-off)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
torso_angle_change_first_pull	Torso Change (First Pull)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Snatch

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
bar_path_deviation	Bar Path Deviation	cm	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
bar_trajectory	Bar Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_bar_velocity	Peak Bar Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	1.3–3	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
peak_bar_velocity_confidence	Peak Bar Velocity Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
squat_depth	Hip Drop	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
tempo	Lift Tempo	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
torso_angle_pull	Torso Angle (Pull)	deg	number	25–55	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
hip_extension_angle	Hip Extension	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_extension_confidence	Hip Extension Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
overhead_squat_depth	Knee Angle at Catch (Snatch)	deg	number	80–115	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
shoulder_extension	Shoulder Extension	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
total_lift_time	Total Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bar_past_the_knee_speed	Bar Past-Knee Speed	m_per_s	number	0.8–1.5	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bar_past_the_knee_acceleration	Bar Past-Knee Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bar_past_the_knee_confidence	Bar Past-Knee Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_path_toward_body	Bar Path Toward Body	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_path_loop	Bar Path Forward Loop	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_path_return	Bar Path Return	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_path_forward_of_start	Bar Forward of Start Line	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
lift_peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_grf	Ground Reaction Force	n	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_peak_force_confidence	Peak Force Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_power	Power Output	w	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_peak_power_confidence	Peak Power Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt_peak	Bar Tilt	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt	Bar Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
bar_lateral_drift_peak	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_lateral_drift	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_shoulder_asymmetry_peak	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number	0–7	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
hip_shoulder_asymmetry	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number+series	—	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
stance_width_setup	Stance Width (Setup)	cm	number	28–48	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
stance_width_ratio	Stance Width Ratio	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
left_knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus L (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus R (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
torso_angle_liftoff	Torso Angle (Lift-off)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
torso_angle_change_first_pull	Torso Change (First Pull)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
arm_to_vertical_catch	Arm to Vertical (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_over_midfoot_catch	Bar Over Midfoot (Catch)	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Clean & Jerk

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
bar_path_deviation	Bar Path Deviation	cm	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
bar_trajectory	Bar Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_bar_velocity	Peak Bar Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	1.3–3	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
peak_bar_velocity_confidence	Peak Bar Velocity Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
squat_depth	Hip Drop	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
clean_time	Clean Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
jerk_time	Jerk Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
total_lift_time	Total Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
torso_angle_pull	Torso Angle (Pull)	deg	number	25–60	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
hip_extension_angle	Hip Extension	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_extension_confidence	Hip Extension Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
knee_angle_catch	Knee Angle (Catch)	deg	number	70–115	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
dip_depth	Jerk Dip Depth	cm	number	7–22	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
jerk_dip_torso_lean	Jerk Dip Torso Lean	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
jerk_dip_bar_drift	Jerk Dip Bar Drift	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
split_symmetry	Split Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
drive_velocity	Drive Velocity	m_per_s	number	1.5–2.7	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
bar_past_the_knee_speed	Bar Past-Knee Speed	m_per_s	number	0.8–1.5	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bar_past_the_knee_acceleration	Bar Past-Knee Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bar_past_the_knee_confidence	Bar Past-Knee Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_path_toward_body	Bar Path Toward Body	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_path_loop	Bar Path Forward Loop	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_path_return	Bar Path Return	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bar_path_forward_of_start	Bar Forward of Start Line	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
lift_peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_grf	Ground Reaction Force	n	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_peak_force_confidence	Peak Force Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_power	Power Output	w	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_peak_power_confidence	Peak Power Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt_peak	Bar Tilt	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt	Bar Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
bar_lateral_drift_peak	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_lateral_drift	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_shoulder_asymmetry_peak	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number	0–7	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
hip_shoulder_asymmetry	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number+series	—	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
stance_width_setup	Stance Width (Setup)	cm	number	28–48	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
stance_width_ratio	Stance Width Ratio	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
left_knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus L (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus R (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
torso_angle_liftoff	Torso Angle (Lift-off)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
torso_angle_change_first_pull	Torso Change (First Pull)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Jerk

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
bar_path_deviation	Bar Path Deviation	cm	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_trajectory	Bar Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
squat_depth	Hip Drop	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
jerk_time	Jerk Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
dip_depth	Jerk Dip Depth	cm	number	7–22	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
jerk_dip_torso_lean	Jerk Dip Torso Lean	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
jerk_dip_bar_drift	Jerk Dip Bar Drift	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
split_symmetry	Split Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
drive_velocity	Drive Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	1.5–2.7	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
drive_velocity_confidence	Drive Velocity Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
lift_peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_grf	Ground Reaction Force	n	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_peak_force_confidence	Peak Force Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_power	Power Output	w	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_peak_power_confidence	Peak Power Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt_peak	Bar Tilt	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt	Bar Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_lateral_drift_peak	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_lateral_drift	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_shoulder_asymmetry_peak	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number	0–7	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
hip_shoulder_asymmetry	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number+series	—	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	—
stance_width_setup	Stance Width (Setup)	cm	number	28–48	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_width_ratio	Stance Width Ratio	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus L (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_valgus_catch	Knee Valgus R (Catch)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Dead Lift

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
bar_path_deviation	Bar Path Deviation	cm	number+series	0–4	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
bar_trajectory	Bar Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_bar_velocity	Peak Bar Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	0.7–1.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
peak_bar_velocity_confidence	Peak Bar Velocity Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_off_floor_velocity	Bar Off-Floor Velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
bar_break_off_acceleration	Break-off Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
setup_back_angle	Setup Back Angle	deg	number	30–60	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_extension_lockout	Hip Lockout	deg	number	165–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_extension_lockout	Knee Lockout	deg	number	165–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
time_to_lockout	Time to Lockout	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
squat_depth	Hip Drop	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt_peak	Bar Tilt	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_tilt	Bar Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
bar_lateral_drift_peak	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_lateral_drift	Bar Lateral Drift	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_shoulder_asymmetry_peak	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number	0–7	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
hip_shoulder_asymmetry	Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry	pct	number+series	—	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
stance_width_setup	Stance Width (Setup)	cm	number	25–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
stance_width_ratio	Stance Width Ratio	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
lift_peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_grf	Ground Reaction Force	n	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
lift_peak_force_confidence	Peak Force Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bar_peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_power	Power Output	w	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
bar_peak_power_confidence	Peak Power Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Bench Press

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
bar_trajectory	Bar Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bench_bar_rom	Bar Range of Motion	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bench_mean_concentric_velocity	Mean Concentric Velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bench_peak_concentric_velocity	Peak Concentric Velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bench_velocity_loss	Velocity Loss	pct	number	0–20	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	—
bench_eccentric_time	Lowering Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bench_pause_time	Pause on the Chest	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bench_concentric_time	Pressing Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
bench_touch_point	Touch Point	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bench_bar_horizontal_travel	Bar Drift to Lockout	cm	number	0–15	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	—

Mobility Assessment (mobility)

Bodyweight Squat

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
squat_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion	deg	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	height	display	—
squat_depth	Squat Depth	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	assumed
squat_depth_pct_leg	Squat Depth (% leg)	pct	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	15–50	…–60	↓	—	measured	height	display	experimental
descent_time	Descent Time	s	number	0.8–2.5	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
ascent_time	Ascent Time	s	number	0.6–2	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
left_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion L	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	display	—
right_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion R	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	display	—
left_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion L	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	display	—
right_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion R	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	display	—
squat_knee_flexion	Squat Depth (knee)	deg	number	90–135	70–…	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
squat_depth_class	Depth Class	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_tibia_angle	Trunk–Shin Alignment	deg	number	-10–10	-20–20	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_asymmetry_delta	Hip Asymmetry	deg	number	0–10	…–20	↓	L/R	measured	—	display	—
knee_asymmetry_delta	Knee Asymmetry	deg	number	0–15	…–25	↓	L/R	measured	—	display	assumed
knee_angle_peak	Knee Angle (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
hold_duration	Hold Duration	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stability_sway	Stability Sway	cm	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_valgus_peak	Knee Valgus L (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_knee_valgus_peak	Knee Valgus R (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
hip_adduction_peak_left	Hip Adduction L (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
hip_adduction_peak_right	Hip Adduction R (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction L (ROM)	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction R (ROM)	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
hip_abduction_symmetry_pct	Hip Abduction Symmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
stance_width_cm	Stance Width	cm	number	28–50	—	·	—	measured	—	display	assumed
frontal_lr_asymmetry	L/R Frontal Asymmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed

Overhead Squat

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion L	deg	number	105–145	70–…	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion R	deg	number	105–145	70–…	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_asymmetry	Hip Asymmetry	pct	number	0–8	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion L	deg	number	105–145	70–…	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion R	deg	number	105–145	70–…	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_asymmetry	Knee Asymmetry	pct	number	0–8	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
left_ankle_dorsiflexion	Ankle Dorsiflexion L	deg	number	22–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_ankle_dorsiflexion	Ankle Dorsiflexion R	deg	number	22–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
ankle_asymmetry	Ankle Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_valgus_peak	Knee Valgus L (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_knee_valgus_peak	Knee Valgus R (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
hip_adduction_peak_left	Hip Adduction L (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
hip_adduction_peak_right	Hip Adduction R (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction L (ROM)	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction R (ROM)	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
hip_abduction_symmetry_pct	Hip Abduction Symmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
stance_width_cm	Stance Width	cm	number	32–55	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
frontal_lr_asymmetry	L/R Frontal Asymmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed

Joint Angle Mobility

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_shoulder_rom	L Shoulder ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_shoulder_rom	R Shoulder ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_elbow_rom	L Elbow ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_elbow_rom	R Elbow ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_hip_rom	L Hip ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_hip_rom	R Hip ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_rom	L Knee ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_rom	R Knee ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_ankle_rom	L Ankle ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_ankle_rom	R Ankle ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
trunk_rom	Trunk ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
true_hip_flexion_angle	True Hip Flexion	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
posture_angle	Posture Lean	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_asymmetry_pct	Knee Asymmetry %	pct	number+series	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
hip_asymmetry_pct	Hip Asymmetry %	pct	number+series	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
ankle_asymmetry_pct	Ankle Asymmetry %	pct	number+series	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
shoulder_asymmetry_pct	Shoulder Asymmetry %	pct	number+series	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—

5x Sit-to-Stand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
sts_total_time	5xSTS Total Time	s	number	…–11.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
sts_total_time_confidence	5xSTS Timing Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_timing_note	5xSTS Timing Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_reps_completed	Repetitions Completed	count	number	5–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_partial_reps	Partial Repetitions	count	number	…–0	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_rises_detected	Rises Detected	count	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
sts_hip_flexion_peak	Peak Hip Flexion	deg	number	100–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
sts_knee_extension_top	Knee Extension at Top	deg	number	170–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
sts_hip_extension_top	Hip Extension at Top	deg	number	170–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_hip_asymmetry_at_seat_off	Hip Asymmetry at Seat-Off	deg	number	…–5	…–10	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta	—
sts_knee_asymmetry_at_seat_off	Knee Asymmetry at Seat-Off	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
sts_trunk_lean_at_peak_flexion	Trunk Lean at Peak Flexion	deg	number	…–10	…–30	↓	—	measured	—	beta	assumed
sts_time_to_full_extension	Time to Full Extension	s	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
sts_peak_speed_decay_pct	Peak Rise Speed Decay	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
sts_arm_assist	Arm Assist	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_stop_or_rest	Stop or Rest	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

4-Stage Balance

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
balance_side_by_side_hold_s	Side-by-Side Hold	s	number	10–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
balance_semi_tandem_hold_s	Semi-Tandem Hold	s	number	10–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
balance_tandem_hold_s	Tandem Hold	s	number	10–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
balance_single_leg_hold_s	Single-Leg Hold	s	number	5–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
balance_single_leg_other_hold_s	Single-Leg Hold (Other Leg)	s	number	5–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	experimental
balance_stages_completed	Stages Completed	count	number	4–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
balance_stages_detected	Stances Timed	count	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
balance_single_leg_stance_side	Standing Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_single_leg_other_stance_side	Standing Leg (Other Trial)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_stage_sequence_confidence	Stage Sequence Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_stage_note	Stage Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_trunk_sway_peak_cm	Trunk Sway (Peak)	cm	number+series	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
balance_trunk_sway_stability_cm	Trunk Sway Steadiness	cm	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
balance_pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Single-Leg)	deg	number+series	…–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—

Deep Squat Hold

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	70–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	70–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	70–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	70–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_ankle_angle	L Ankle Angle	deg	number	60–90	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_ankle_stability	L Ankle Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_ankle_angle	R Ankle Angle	deg	number	60–90	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_ankle_stability	R Ankle Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–50	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_symmetry	Hip Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
knee_symmetry	Knee Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
ankle_symmetry	Ankle Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	3–15	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
depth_pass	Depth Pass	ratio	number	0.75–1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_valgus_peak	Knee Valgus L (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_knee_valgus_peak	Knee Valgus R (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
hip_adduction_peak_left	Hip Adduction L (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
hip_adduction_peak_right	Hip Adduction R (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction L (ROM)	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction R (ROM)	deg	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
hip_abduction_symmetry_pct	Hip Abduction Symmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
stance_width_cm	Stance Width	cm	number	28–55	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
frontal_lr_asymmetry	L/R Frontal Asymmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed

Single-Leg Stand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
left_ankle_angle	L Ankle Angle	deg	number	60–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
left_ankle_stability	L Ankle Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
right_ankle_angle	R Ankle Angle	deg	number	60–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
right_ankle_stability	R Ankle Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	display	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–180	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	experimental
single_leg_stand_hold_s	Hold Duration (Single-Leg)	s	number	10–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
balance_score	Balance Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	validated
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
lateral_com_sway_peak_cm	Lateral Sway (Peak)	cm	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	experimental
lateral_com_sway_stability_cm	Sway Stability	cm	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	experimental
balance_single_leg_stance_side	Standing Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_single_leg_stance_confidence	Standing Leg Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_single_leg_note	Frontal Reading Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Single-Leg)	deg	number+series	…–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_trunk_lean_peak	Trunk Lateral Lean (Single-Leg)	deg	number+series	-5–5	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_shoulder_tilt_peak	Shoulder Tilt (Single-Leg)	deg	number	-5–5	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_trunk_compensation	Trunk Compensation	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_stance_knee_valgus_peak	Stance Knee Valgus (FPPA)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
balance_free_foot_resting	Free Foot Resting (Single-Leg)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
single_leg_stand_hold_estimate_s	Hold Duration Estimate (Single-Leg)	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—

Single-Leg Squat

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
sls_fppa_peak_deg	Knee Valgus (Peak FPPA)	deg	number+series	0–10	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
sls_valgus_velocity_deg_s	Valgus Angular Velocity	deg_per_s	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	assumed
sls_knee_flexion_rom_deg	Squat Depth (Knee Flexion ROM)	deg	number	45–60	—	·	—	measured	—	display	assumed
sls_pelvic_drop_peak_deg	Contralateral Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number	0–7.4	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
sls_hip_adduction_peak_deg	Hip Adduction (Peak)	deg	number	0–10.8	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
sls_trunk_lean_peak_deg	Ipsilateral Trunk Lean	deg	number	0–6.7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
sls_pelvic_rotation	Pelvic Rotation	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
sls_foot_pronation_peak_deg	Rearfoot Pronation	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
sls_tibial_inclination_peak_deg	Tibial Inclination (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
sls_tibial_rotation	Tibial Rotation	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
sls_foot_posture_setup	Resting Foot Posture	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
sls_stance_side	Screened Limb	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
sls_free_leg_position	Free-Leg Position	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
sls_trials_excluded	Trials on the Other Leg	count	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
sls_arm_rescue_trials	Trials Lost to Arm Rescue	count	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
sls_step_trials	Trials Lost to Stepping	count	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
sls_trial_confidence	Screen Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
sls_trials_valid	Valid Trials	count	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
sls_quality_grade	Movement Quality	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—

Forward Lunge

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
lunge_front_knee_flexion_left	Front Knee Bend, Left Lead	deg	number	80–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_front_knee_flexion_right	Front Knee Bend, Right Lead	deg	number	80–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_front_hip_flexion_left	Front Hip Bend, Left Lead	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
lunge_front_hip_flexion_right	Front Hip Bend, Right Lead	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
lunge_rear_hip_extension_left	Rear Hip Opening, Left Lead	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
lunge_rear_hip_extension_right	Rear Hip Opening, Right Lead	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
lunge_rear_knee_height_left	Back Knee Height, Left Lead	pct	number	0–50	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_rear_knee_height_right	Back Knee Height, Right Lead	pct	number	0–50	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_shin_inclination_left	Front Shin Angle, Left Lead	deg	number	0–30	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_shin_inclination_right	Front Shin Angle, Right Lead	deg	number	0–30	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_trunk_lean_left	Trunk Lean, Left Lead	deg	number	-10–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_trunk_lean_right	Trunk Lean, Right Lead	deg	number	-10–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_step_length_left	Step Length, Left Lead	pct	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
lunge_step_length_right	Step Length, Right Lead	pct	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
lunge_knee_valgus_left	Front Knee Alignment, Left Lead	deg	number	-5–5	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_knee_valgus_right	Front Knee Alignment, Right Lead	deg	number	-5–5	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_pelvic_drop_left	Pelvis Level, Left Lead	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_pelvic_drop_right	Pelvis Level, Right Lead	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_trunk_lateral_lean_left	Trunk Side Lean, Left Lead	deg	number	0–5	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_trunk_lateral_lean_right	Trunk Side Lean, Right Lead	deg	number	0–5	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
lunge_front_knee_flexion_asymmetry	Front Knee Bend Difference	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
lunge_trunk_lean_asymmetry	Trunk Lean Difference	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
lunge_knee_valgus_asymmetry	Front Knee Alignment Difference	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
lunge_reps_left	Reps, Left Lead	count	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
lunge_reps_right	Reps, Right Lead	count	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
lunge_reps_dropped	Reps Not Read	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
lunge_balance_loss_reps	Reps With Balance Loss	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
lunge_note	Lunge Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
shoulder_tilt_peak	Shoulder Tilt (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
lateral_com_sway_peak_cm	Lateral Sway (Peak)	cm	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
lateral_com_sway_stability_cm	Sway Stability	cm	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Plank

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	165–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	165–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_angle	L Shoulder Angle	deg	number	60–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_stability	L Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_angle	R Shoulder Angle	deg	number	60–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_stability	R Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_symmetry	Hip Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
shoulder_symmetry	Shoulder Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
lsaa_deviation	Body Line (Sag / Pike)	deg	number+series	-10–10	—	·	—	measured	—	display	assumed
plank_hold_time_s	Plank Hold Time	s	number	74–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
plank_hold_note	Plank Hold Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
time_to_postural_break_s	Time to Postural Break	s	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	assumed
body_line_pass	Body-Line Pass	ratio	number	0.9–1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_obliquity_index	Pelvic Obliquity (Back View)	pct	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Side Plank

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
side_plank_hip_sag_deg	Hip Sag Angle (Side Plank)	deg	number+series	-5–5	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
side_plank_lateral_dip_cm	Lateral Dip (Side Plank, Estimated)	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
side_plank_hold_time_s	Side Plank Hold Time	s	number	51–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_side_plank_hold_s	Side Plank Hold Time, Left	s	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_side_plank_hold_s	Side Plank Hold Time, Right	s	number	—	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
side_plank_symmetry_ratio	Side Bridge Symmetry Ratio	ratio	number	0.95–1.05	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
side_plank_time_to_break_s	Side Plank Time to Break	s	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
body_line_pass	Body-Line Pass	ratio	number	0.9–1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
side_plank_supporting_side	Supporting Side (Side Plank)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
side_plank_hold_note	Side Plank Hold Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
side_plank_confidence	Side Plank Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Push-Up

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
pushup_reps	Push-Up Repetitions	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pushup_reps_to_depth	Reps to Depth	count	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pushup_depth	Push-Up Depth	deg	number+series	90–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta	validated
pushup_elbow_rom	Elbow Range of Motion	deg	number	70–100	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
pushup_descent_time	Push-Up Descent Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
pushup_ascent_time	Push-Up Ascent Time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
pushup_body_line_deviation	Push-Up Body Line (Sag / Pike)	deg	number+series	-10–10	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_body_line_pass	Push-Up Body-Line Pass	ratio	number	0.9–1	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta	assumed
pushup_wrist_alignment_index	Wrist Alignment	ratio	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_lumbar_sag	Lumbar Sag Under Load	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_shoulder_height_bottom	Shoulder Height at Bottom	ratio	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_elbow_flare_side	Elbow Flare (Side View, Estimated)	deg	number	30–60	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	experimental
pushup_depth_cv	Depth Variability	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_tempo_cv	Tempo Variability	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_elbow_rom_cv	Elbow Range Variability	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_body_line_sd	Body-Line Variability	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_depth_degradation	Depth Change, Early to Late	pct	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_tempo_degradation	Tempo Change, Early to Late	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_body_line_degradation	Body-Line Change, Early to Late	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_note	Push-Up Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
pushup_shoulder_height_diff	Shoulder Height Difference (Back View)	pct	number+series	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_elbow_flare_left	Elbow Flare, Left (Back View)	deg	number	30–60	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
pushup_elbow_flare_right	Elbow Flare, Right (Back View)	deg	number	30–60	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
pushup_elbow_flare_asymmetry	Elbow Flare Asymmetry (Back View)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_pelvic_rotation	Pelvic Rotation (Back View)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_trunk_rotation	Trunk Rotation (Back View)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_scapular_symmetry	Scapular Symmetry (Back View)	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_descent_velocity_asymmetry	Descent Speed Asymmetry (Back View)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_ascent_velocity_asymmetry	Ascent Speed Asymmetry (Back View)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_shoulder_height_degradation	Shoulder Asymmetry Change, Early to Late (Back View)	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pushup_posterior_note	Push-Up Back-View Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Glute Bridge Hold

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	160–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	160–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_symmetry	Hip Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
knee_symmetry	Knee Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	5–30	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
extension_pass	Hip Extension Pass	ratio	number	0.9–1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Wall Sit

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–20	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_symmetry	Hip Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
knee_symmetry	Knee Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	30–120	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
form_pass	Form Pass	ratio	number	0.9–1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Hollow Body Hold

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_symmetry	Hip Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	20–60	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
core_steadiness	Core Steadiness	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Superman Hold

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	160–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_angle	L Shoulder Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_stability	L Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_angle	R Shoulder Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_stability	R Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	170–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	170–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_symmetry	Shoulder Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hip_symmetry	Hip Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	15–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Tandem Stance

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_ankle_angle	L Ankle Angle	deg	number	60–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_ankle_stability	L Ankle Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_ankle_angle	R Ankle Angle	deg	number	60–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_ankle_stability	R Ankle Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	10–30	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
balance_score	Balance Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_tilt_peak	Shoulder Tilt (Peak)	deg	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_com_sway_peak_cm	Lateral Sway (Peak)	cm	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_com_sway_stability_cm	Sway Stability	cm	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental

Shoulder Flexion

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_shoulder_rom	L Shoulder ROM	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_shoulder_peak	L Shoulder Peak	deg	number	170–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_shoulder_rom	R Shoulder ROM	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_shoulder_peak	R Shoulder Peak	deg	number	170–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Shoulder External Rotation

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
shoulder_rotation_note	Shoulder Rotation Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_shoulder_er_peak_deg	Shoulder External Rotation, Left	deg	number	40–90	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_shoulder_er_peak_deg	Shoulder External Rotation, Right	deg	number	40–90	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated

Active SLR

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	70–90	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	70–90	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated

Hip Abduction

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_rom	L Hip ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
left_hip_peak	L Hip Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
right_hip_rom	R Hip ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
right_hip_peak	R Hip Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction L (ROM)	deg	number	25–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction R (ROM)	deg	number	25–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
hip_abduction_symmetry_pct	Hip Abduction Symmetry	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Half-Kneeling Ankle Lunge

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_tibial_inclination_left	Dorsiflexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	35–…	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta	validated
ankle_lunge_tibial_inclination_right	Dorsiflexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	35–…	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta	validated
ankle_lunge_tibial_inclination_asymmetry	Dorsiflexion Asymmetry	deg	number	…–5	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta	experimental
ankle_lunge_lsi	Limb Symmetry Index	pct	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
ankle_lunge_full_arc_left	Full Arc, Left (Optional)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_full_arc_right	Full Arc, Right (Optional)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_toe_to_wall_left	Toe-to-Wall Distance, Left (Estimated)	cm	number	10–…	—	↑	per side	estimated	—	beta, display	validated
ankle_lunge_toe_to_wall_right	Toe-to-Wall Distance, Right (Estimated)	cm	number	10–…	—	↑	per side	estimated	—	beta, display	validated
ankle_lunge_knee_to_wall_left	Knee-to-Wall at 10 cm, Left	category	categorical	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_knee_to_wall_right	Knee-to-Wall at 10 cm, Right	category	categorical	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_toe_to_wall_asymmetry	Toe-to-Wall Asymmetry (Estimated)	cm	number	…–1.5	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	validated
ankle_lunge_mdc	Minimal Detectable Change (This Session)	cm	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
ankle_lunge_trials	Trials	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ankle_lunge_heel_lift_trials	Trials With Heel Lift	count	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ankle_lunge_limb	Limb Tested	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_confidence	Ankle Lunge Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_note	Ankle Lunge Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_knee_medial_shift_left	Knee Inward Travel, Left (Front View)	pct	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
ankle_lunge_knee_medial_shift_right	Knee Inward Travel, Right (Front View)	pct	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
ankle_lunge_knee_medial_shift_asymmetry	Knee Inward Travel Asymmetry (Front View)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
ankle_lunge_knee_valgus_left	Knee Valgus Angle, Left (Front View)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_knee_valgus_right	Knee Valgus Angle, Right (Front View)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_fppa_left	Knee FPPA, Left (Front View)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_fppa_right	Knee FPPA, Right (Front View)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental

Ankle Dorsiflexion

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_tibial_inclination_left	Dorsiflexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	35–…	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta	validated
ankle_lunge_tibial_inclination_right	Dorsiflexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	35–…	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta	validated
ankle_lunge_tibial_inclination_asymmetry	Dorsiflexion Asymmetry	deg	number	…–5	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta	experimental
ankle_lunge_lsi	Limb Symmetry Index	pct	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
ankle_lunge_full_arc_left	Full Arc, Left (Optional)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_full_arc_right	Full Arc, Right (Optional)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_toe_to_wall_left	Toe-to-Wall Distance, Left (Estimated)	cm	number	10–…	—	↑	per side	estimated	—	beta, display	validated
ankle_lunge_toe_to_wall_right	Toe-to-Wall Distance, Right (Estimated)	cm	number	10–…	—	↑	per side	estimated	—	beta, display	validated
ankle_lunge_knee_to_wall_left	Knee-to-Wall at 10 cm, Left	category	categorical	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_knee_to_wall_right	Knee-to-Wall at 10 cm, Right	category	categorical	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_toe_to_wall_asymmetry	Toe-to-Wall Asymmetry (Estimated)	cm	number	…–1.5	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	validated
ankle_lunge_mdc	Minimal Detectable Change (This Session)	cm	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
ankle_lunge_trials	Trials	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ankle_lunge_heel_lift_trials	Trials With Heel Lift	count	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ankle_lunge_limb	Limb Tested	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_confidence	Ankle Lunge Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_note	Ankle Lunge Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_lunge_knee_medial_shift_left	Knee Inward Travel, Left (Front View)	pct	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
ankle_lunge_knee_medial_shift_right	Knee Inward Travel, Right (Front View)	pct	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
ankle_lunge_knee_medial_shift_asymmetry	Knee Inward Travel Asymmetry (Front View)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
ankle_lunge_knee_valgus_left	Knee Valgus Angle, Left (Front View)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_knee_valgus_right	Knee Valgus Angle, Right (Front View)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_fppa_left	Knee FPPA, Left (Front View)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
ankle_lunge_fppa_right	Knee FPPA, Right (Front View)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental

Cossack Squat

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	70–110	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	70–110	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_flexion_peak_deg	Knee Flexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	70–120	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_flexion_peak_deg	Knee Flexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	70–120	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
hip_adduction_peak_left	Hip Adduction L (Peak)	deg	number+series	15–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_adduction_peak_right	Hip Adduction R (Peak)	deg	number+series	15–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_stance_width_max_cm	Lateral Stance Width	cm	number	70–110	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
frontal_lr_asymmetry	L/R Frontal Asymmetry	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed

Lateral Squat

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	60–110	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	60–110	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_flexion_peak_deg	Knee Flexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	60–110	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_flexion_peak_deg	Knee Flexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	60–110	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
hip_adduction_peak_left	Hip Adduction L (Peak)	deg	number+series	15–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_adduction_peak_right	Hip Adduction R (Peak)	deg	number+series	15–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_stance_width_max_cm	Lateral Stance Width	cm	number	70–110	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
frontal_lr_asymmetry	L/R Frontal Asymmetry	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed

Trunk Rotation

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_rotation_left_deg	Trunk Rotation, Left	deg	number	30–45	20–…	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
trunk_rotation_right_deg	Trunk Rotation, Right	deg	number	30–45	20–…	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
trunk_rotation_total_deg	Trunk Rotation, Total	deg	number	60–90	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
trunk_rotation_asymmetry_deg	Trunk Rotation Asymmetry	deg	number	0–10	…–15	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed

Forward Fold

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_rom	Trunk ROM	deg	number	70–120	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
trunk_peak	Trunk Peak	deg	number	70–110	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	70–120	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	70–120	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated

Cat-Cow

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
spine_flexion_peak_deg	Spine Flexion (Cat)	deg	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
spine_extension_peak_deg	Spine Extension (Cow)	deg	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
spine_rom_deg	Spine Flexion-Extension Range	deg	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trunk_rom	Trunk ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
trunk_peak	Trunk Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Pigeon Pose

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–60	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	20–90	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Figure-4 Stretch

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	20–60	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Butterfly Stretch

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	60–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	60–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–60	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_symmetry	Hip Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	30–90	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hip_external_rotation_proxy	Hip ER (Proxy)	deg	number	30–60	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	validated
left_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction L (ROM)	deg	number	25–55	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_abduction_rom	Hip Abduction R (ROM)	deg	number	25–55	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
butterfly_symmetry_pct	Butterfly Symmetry	pct	number	0–15	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Kneeling Hip Flexor Stretch

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–20	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	20–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Thomas Test

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	5–30	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
flexor_shortness_deg	Hip Flexor Shortness	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Wall Angel

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_shoulder_rom	L Shoulder ROM	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_shoulder_peak	L Shoulder Peak	deg	number	170–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_rom	R Shoulder ROM	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_shoulder_peak	R Shoulder Peak	deg	number	170–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_rom	Trunk ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
trunk_peak	Trunk Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
wrist_against_wall_pct	Wrist Wall Contact	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
scapular_glide_range_cm	Scapular Glide ROM	cm	number	15–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_tilt_peak	Shoulder Tilt (Peak)	deg	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental

Hip Internal Rotation

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_hip_ir_peak_deg	Hip Internal Rotation, Left	deg	number	25–45	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_hip_ir_peak_deg	Hip Internal Rotation, Right	deg	number	25–45	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated

Hip External Rotation

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_hip_er_peak_deg	Hip External Rotation, Left	deg	number	30–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_hip_er_peak_deg	Hip External Rotation, Right	deg	number	30–50	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated

World’s Greatest Stretch

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_rom	Trunk ROM	deg	number	60–120	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
trunk_peak	Trunk Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	60–120	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_hip_flexion_peak_deg	Hip Flexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	60–120	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_flexion_peak_deg	Knee Flexion From Neutral, Left	deg	number	80–120	—	↑	per side	measured	—	display	assumed
right_knee_flexion_peak_deg	Knee Flexion From Neutral, Right	deg	number	80–120	—	↑	per side	measured	—	display	assumed

Bird Dog

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_angle	L Shoulder Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_stability	L Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_angle	R Shoulder Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_stability	R Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	10–30	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number+series	0–3	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_tilt_peak	Shoulder Tilt (Peak)	deg	number	0–3	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_shoulder_asymmetry_peak_pct	Hip-Shoulder Drift	pct	number+series	0–8	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed

Dead Bug

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_angle	L Shoulder Angle	deg	number	20–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_stability	L Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_angle	R Shoulder Angle	deg	number	20–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_stability	R Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	15–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Chair Pose

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–120	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–40	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_angle	L Shoulder Angle	deg	number	20–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_stability	L Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_angle	R Shoulder Angle	deg	number	20–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_stability	R Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_symmetry	Hip Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
knee_symmetry	Knee Symmetry	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	5–30	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
form_pass	Form Pass	ratio	number	0.9–1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_tilt_peak	Shoulder Tilt (Peak)	deg	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_com_sway_peak_cm	Lateral Sway (Peak)	cm	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_com_sway_stability_cm	Sway Stability	cm	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental

Warrior II

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–20	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_angle	L Shoulder Angle	deg	number	70–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_shoulder_stability	L Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_angle	R Shoulder Angle	deg	number	70–110	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_stability	R Shoulder Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	15–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_tilt_peak	Shoulder Tilt (Peak)	deg	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_com_sway_peak_cm	Lateral Sway (Peak)	cm	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_com_sway_stability_cm	Sway Stability	cm	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental

Tree Pose

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	0–10	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	15–60	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
balance_score	Balance Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Peak)	deg	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_tilt_peak	Shoulder Tilt (Peak)	deg	number	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_com_sway_peak_cm	Lateral Sway (Peak)	cm	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lateral_com_sway_stability_cm	Sway Stability	cm	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental

Cook’s Hip Lift

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	160–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_stability	Trunk Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_angle	L Hip Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_hip_stability	L Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_angle	R Hip Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_stability	R Hip Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_angle	L Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_stability	L Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_angle	R Knee Angle	deg	number	80–180	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_stability	R Knee Angle Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	15–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Prone Press-Up

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_extension_peak_deg	Trunk Extension From Prone	deg	number	30–60	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
left_shoulder_rom	L Shoulder ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
left_shoulder_peak	L Shoulder Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
right_shoulder_rom	R Shoulder ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
right_shoulder_peak	R Shoulder Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—

Wall Slides

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_shoulder_rom	L Shoulder ROM	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_shoulder_peak	L Shoulder Peak	deg	number	170–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_rom	R Shoulder ROM	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_shoulder_peak	R Shoulder Peak	deg	number	170–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
wrist_against_wall_pct	Wrist Wall Contact	pct	number	85–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
scapular_glide_range_cm	Scapular Glide ROM	cm	number	15–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_tilt_peak	Shoulder Tilt (Peak)	deg	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental

Quadruped T-Spine Rotation

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_rom	Trunk ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
trunk_peak	Trunk Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
left_shoulder_rom	L Shoulder ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
left_shoulder_peak	L Shoulder Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
right_shoulder_rom	R Shoulder ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
right_shoulder_peak	R Shoulder Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
thoracic_rotation_peak	T-Spine Rotation (Peak)	deg	number+series	30–50	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
thoracic_rotation_left	T-Spine Rotation L	deg	number	25–45	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
thoracic_rotation_right	T-Spine Rotation R	deg	number	25–45	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
thoracic_rotation_symmetry_pct	T-Spine Symmetry	pct	number	0–15	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Standing Trunk Lateral Flexion

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
trunk_rom	Trunk ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
trunk_peak	Trunk Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_lateral_flexion_left	Trunk Lateral Flexion L	deg	number	25–45	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
trunk_lateral_flexion_right	Trunk Lateral Flexion R	deg	number	25–45	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
trunk_lateral_flexion_rom_total	Lateral Flexion ROM (Total)	deg	number	50–90	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
trunk_lateral_flexion_symmetry_pct	Bend Symmetry	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Overhead Reach

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
left_shoulder_rom	L Shoulder ROM	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_shoulder_peak	L Shoulder Peak	deg	number	170–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_shoulder_rom	R Shoulder ROM	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_shoulder_peak	R Shoulder Peak	deg	number	170–180	—	↑	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_rom	Trunk ROM	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
trunk_peak	Trunk Peak	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—

Shoulder Internal Rotation

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
shoulder_rotation_note	Shoulder Rotation Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_shoulder_ir_peak_deg	Shoulder Internal Rotation, Left	deg	number	30–70	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_shoulder_ir_peak_deg	Shoulder Internal Rotation, Right	deg	number	30–70	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated

Supine Shoulder Rotation

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_shoulder_er_peak_deg	Shoulder External Rotation, Left	deg	number	40–90	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_shoulder_er_peak_deg	Shoulder External Rotation, Right	deg	number	40–90	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
left_shoulder_ir_peak_deg	Shoulder Internal Rotation, Left	deg	number	30–70	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
right_shoulder_ir_peak_deg	Shoulder Internal Rotation, Right	deg	number	30–70	—	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	validated
left_shoulder_rotation_arc_deg	Shoulder Rotation Arc, Left	deg	number	140–180	120–…	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
right_shoulder_rotation_arc_deg	Shoulder Rotation Arc, Right	deg	number	140–180	120–…	↑	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed

FABER Test

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_faber_knee_height_cm	FABER Knee Height, Left	cm	number	0–8	…–12	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
right_faber_knee_height_cm	FABER Knee Height, Right	cm	number	0–8	…–12	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
faber_knee_height_asymmetry_cm	FABER Knee Height Difference	cm	number	0–2	…–3	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
left_faber_thigh_angle_deg	FABER Thigh Angle, Left	deg	number	0–20	…–30	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
right_faber_thigh_angle_deg	FABER Thigh Angle, Right	deg	number	0–20	…–30	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
faber_thigh_angle_asymmetry_deg	FABER Thigh Angle Difference	deg	number	0–5	…–8	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed

Workspace Wellness (workspace_wellness)

Ergonomics Assessment

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
ergonomics_score_100	Ergonomics Score	score	number	80–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
reba_score	REBA Score	score	number	1–3	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
rula_score	RULA Score	score	number	1–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
cranio_vertebral_angle	Cranio-Vertebral Angle	deg	number	50–90	45–…	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
thoracic_kyphosis	Upper-Back Rounding	deg	number	…–50	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
elbow_angle	Elbow Angle	deg	number	90–120	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
shoulder_elevation	Shoulder Elevation	deg	number	0–20	…–45	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_angle	Hip Angle	deg	number	90–110	…–135	·	—	measured	—	—	—
wrist_dorsiflexion	Wrist Dorsiflexion	deg	number	…–10	…–25	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
wrist_dorsiflexion_confidence	Wrist Dorsiflexion Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_dorsiflexion	Ankle Dorsiflexion	deg	number	0–15	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
lumbar_lordosis	Lumbar Lordosis	deg	number	20–60	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt	deg	number	5–20	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
forward_shoulder_angle	Forward Shoulder Angle	deg	number	…–25	…–40	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
desk_elbow_delta	Desk-Elbow Delta	cm	number	-2–2	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
screen_eye_delta	Screen-Eye Delta	cm	number	-5–0	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ergonomic_recommendation	Ergonomic Recommendation	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
posture_compensation	Posture Compensation	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

Agility (agility)

5-0-5

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
time_505	5-0-5 Time	s	number	2–2.9	—	↓	—	measured	gender	—	validated
time_505_confidence	5-0-5 Time Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
speed	Instantaneous Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
entry_speed	Entry Speed	m_per_s	number	4.5–8.5	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	experimental
exit_speed	Exit Speed	m_per_s	number	4–8	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	experimental
cutting_angle	Cutting Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	assumed
deceleration	Peak Deceleration	m_per_s2	number	3.5–9	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	experimental
acceleration	Acceleration	m_per_s2	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
plant_foot_trajectory	Plant Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trail_foot_trajectory	Trail Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
speed_retention_ratio	Speed Retention	ratio	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	assumed
speed_recovery_ratio	Speed Recovery	ratio	number	0.85–1.1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
max_acceleration	Peak Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	4–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
peak_power	Peak Horizontal Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_left	Avg Contact Time (L)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
avg_contact_time_right	Avg Contact Time (R)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
contact_time_asymmetry	Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
time_505_tier	5-0-5 Tier	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_pivot_force	Peak Pivot Force	bw	number	3–3.8	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
pelvic_drop_peak	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	0–8	…–12	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction	Hip Adduction	deg	number	0–18	…–27	↓	—	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–18	…–27	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–18	…–27	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation	deg	number	-8–8	-12–12	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	-8–8	-12–12	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	-8–8	-12–12	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	0–7	…–10.5	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
step_width	Step Width	cm	number+series	8–20	2–26	·	—	measured	height	—	—
lr_asymmetry	L/R Asymmetry (hip adduction)	pct	number	0–12	…–18	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta	—
pelvic_drop	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	—
trunk_inclination	Trunk Inclination	deg	number+series	5–15	1.5–20	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
left_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation L	deg	number+series	4–10	2–13	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation R	deg	number+series	4–10	2–13	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

cut_90

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cod_time	Change-of-Direction Time	s	number	0.25–0.45	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cod_time_confidence	COD Time Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
entry_speed	Entry Speed	m_per_s	number	4.5–8.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
exit_speed	Exit Speed	m_per_s	number	4–8	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
cutting_angle	Cutting Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
deceleration	Peak Deceleration	m_per_s2	number	3.5–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_retention_ratio	Speed Retention	ratio	number	0.3–1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_recovery_ratio	Speed Recovery	ratio	number	0.85–1.1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_loss	Speed Loss	m_per_s	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
shin_angle	Shin Angle	deg	number	45–65	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	60–85	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
stride_length	Stride Length	m	number	0.3–1.2	—	·	—	measured	height	beta, display	—
com_velocity_at_plant	COM Velocity at Plant	m_per_s	number	1.5–6	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
v_hipx_min	Minimum Velocity	m_per_s	number	0.5–4	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pfc_velocity_delta	PFC Velocity Delta	m_per_s	number	0–1.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ffc_velocity_delta	FFC Velocity Delta	m_per_s	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
turn_strategy	Turn Strategy	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
max_acceleration	Peak Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	4–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_power	Peak Horizontal Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_left	Avg Contact Time (L)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_right	Avg Contact Time (R)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
speed	Instantaneous Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
acceleration	Acceleration	m_per_s2	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
plant_foot_trajectory	Plant Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trail_foot_trajectory	Trail Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	estimated	—	beta	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
stance_width_cm	Stance Width	cm	number	20–40	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
valgus_collapse_score	Valgus Collapse	score	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cmas_score	CMAS	score	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cmas_risk	CMAS Risk	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

cut_180

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cod_time	Change-of-Direction Time	s	number	2–3	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cod_time_confidence	COD Time Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
entry_speed	Entry Speed	m_per_s	number	4.5–8.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
exit_speed	Exit Speed	m_per_s	number	4–8	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
cutting_angle	Cutting Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
deceleration	Peak Deceleration	m_per_s2	number	3.5–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_retention_ratio	Speed Retention	ratio	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
speed_recovery_ratio	Speed Recovery	ratio	number	0.85–1.1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_loss	Speed Loss	m_per_s	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
shin_angle	Shin Angle	deg	number	45–65	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	60–85	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
stride_length	Stride Length	m	number	0.3–1.2	—	·	—	measured	height	beta, display	—
com_velocity_at_plant	COM Velocity at Plant	m_per_s	number	1.5–6	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
v_hipx_min	Minimum Velocity	m_per_s	number	0.5–4	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pfc_velocity_delta	PFC Velocity Delta	m_per_s	number	0–1.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ffc_velocity_delta	FFC Velocity Delta	m_per_s	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
max_acceleration	Peak Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	4–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_power	Peak Horizontal Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_left	Avg Contact Time (L)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_right	Avg Contact Time (R)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
speed	Instantaneous Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
acceleration	Acceleration	m_per_s2	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
plant_foot_trajectory	Plant Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trail_foot_trajectory	Trail Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	estimated	—	beta	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
stance_width_cm	Stance Width	cm	number	20–40	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
valgus_collapse_score	Valgus Collapse	score	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cmas_score	CMAS	score	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cmas_risk	CMAS Risk	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Fencing (fencing)

Lunge

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
rear_knee_flexion_peak	Rear Knee Prep Flexion	deg	number	5–40	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
rear_knee_extension_range	Rear Knee Extension Range	deg	number	13–55	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
front_knee_peak_extension	Front Knee Peak Extension	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
front_knee_min_at_strike	Front Knee Strike Flexion	deg	number	85–120	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
front_hip_peak_extension	Front Hip Peak Extension	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
rear_hip_flexion_peak	Rear Hip Flexion Depth	deg	number	30–75	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
rear_ankle_peak_dorsiflexion	Rear Ankle Dorsiflexion	deg	number	0–40	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
rear_ankle_rom	Rear Ankle ROM	deg	number	0–35	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
trunk_anterior_inclination	Trunk Anterior Lean	deg	number	10–50	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lunge_duration_ms	Lunge Duration	ms	number	280–900	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
weapon_hand_peak_speed	Weapon Hand Peak Speed	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_speed_at_contact	Weapon Hand Speed at Touch	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_deceleration	Weapon Hand Deceleration	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_deceleration_class	Hand Arrival	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
weapon_hand_speed	Weapon Hand Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_landing_vs_rear_extension_ms	Landing vs Rear-Leg Extension	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
rear_foot_trajectory	Rear Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
weapon_hand_trajectory	Weapon Hand Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Appel Lunge

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
rear_knee_flexion_peak	Rear Knee Prep Flexion	deg	number	5–40	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
rear_knee_extension_range	Rear Knee Extension Range	deg	number	13–55	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
front_knee_peak_extension	Front Knee Peak Extension	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
front_knee_min_at_strike	Front Knee Strike Flexion	deg	number	85–120	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
front_hip_peak_extension	Front Hip Peak Extension	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
rear_hip_flexion_peak	Rear Hip Flexion Depth	deg	number	30–75	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
rear_ankle_peak_dorsiflexion	Rear Ankle Dorsiflexion	deg	number	0–40	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	—
rear_ankle_rom	Rear Ankle ROM	deg	number	0–35	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	—
trunk_anterior_inclination	Trunk Anterior Lean	deg	number	10–50	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
lunge_duration_ms	Lunge Duration	ms	number	280–900	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
weapon_hand_peak_speed	Weapon Hand Peak Speed	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_speed_at_contact	Weapon Hand Speed at Touch	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_deceleration	Weapon Hand Deceleration	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_deceleration_class	Hand Arrival	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
weapon_hand_speed	Weapon Hand Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_landing_vs_rear_extension_ms	Landing vs Rear-Leg Extension	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
rear_foot_trajectory	Rear Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
weapon_hand_trajectory	Weapon Hand Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Jump Lunge

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
rear_knee_flexion_peak	Rear Knee Prep Flexion	deg	number	5–40	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
rear_knee_extension_range	Rear Knee Extension Range	deg	number	13–55	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
front_knee_peak_extension	Front Knee Peak Extension	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
front_knee_min_at_strike	Front Knee Strike Flexion	deg	number	85–120	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
front_hip_peak_extension	Front Hip Peak Extension	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
rear_hip_flexion_peak	Rear Hip Flexion Depth	deg	number	30–75	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
rear_ankle_peak_dorsiflexion	Rear Ankle Dorsiflexion	deg	number	0–40	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	—
rear_ankle_rom	Rear Ankle ROM	deg	number	0–35	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	—
trunk_anterior_inclination	Trunk Anterior Lean	deg	number	10–50	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
lunge_duration_ms	Lunge Duration	ms	number	280–900	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
weapon_hand_peak_speed	Weapon Hand Peak Speed	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_speed_at_contact	Weapon Hand Speed at Touch	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_deceleration	Weapon Hand Deceleration	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_deceleration_class	Hand Arrival	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
weapon_hand_speed	Weapon Hand Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_landing_vs_rear_extension_ms	Landing vs Rear-Leg Extension	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
rear_foot_trajectory	Rear Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
weapon_hand_trajectory	Weapon Hand Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Footwork

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
step_count	Steps	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
advance_count	Advances	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
retreat_count	Retreats	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
step_rate	Step Rate	spm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
step_interval_mean_ms	Mean Step Interval	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
step_interval_cv	Rhythm Variability	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
pre_attack_tempo_change	Tempo Before the Attack	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
step_interval	Step Interval	ms	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
rear_foot_trajectory	Rear Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
weapon_hand_trajectory	Weapon Hand Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

Advance Lunge

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
rear_knee_flexion_peak	Rear Knee Prep Flexion	deg	number	5–40	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
rear_knee_extension_range	Rear Knee Extension Range	deg	number	13–55	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
front_knee_peak_extension	Front Knee Peak Extension	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
front_knee_min_at_strike	Front Knee Strike Flexion	deg	number	85–120	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
front_hip_peak_extension	Front Hip Peak Extension	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
rear_hip_flexion_peak	Rear Hip Flexion Depth	deg	number	30–75	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
rear_ankle_peak_dorsiflexion	Rear Ankle Dorsiflexion	deg	number	0–40	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
rear_ankle_rom	Rear Ankle ROM	deg	number	0–35	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	experimental
trunk_anterior_inclination	Trunk Anterior Lean	deg	number	10–50	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lunge_duration_ms	Lunge Duration	ms	number	280–900	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
weapon_hand_peak_speed	Weapon Hand Peak Speed	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_speed_at_contact	Weapon Hand Speed at Touch	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_deceleration	Weapon Hand Deceleration	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
weapon_hand_deceleration_class	Hand Arrival	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
weapon_hand_speed	Weapon Hand Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_landing_vs_rear_extension_ms	Landing vs Rear-Leg Extension	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
rear_foot_trajectory	Rear Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
weapon_hand_trajectory	Weapon Hand Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
advance_step_duration_ms	Advance Step Duration	ms	number	130–450	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hand_foot_start_delta_ms	Hand-Foot Start Delta	ms	number	0–100	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

En-Garde Hold

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
front_knee_angle	Front Knee Angle	deg	number	95–145	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
rear_knee_angle	Rear Knee Angle	deg	number	105–155	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle	Trunk Lean	deg	number	0–25	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
front_knee_stability	Front Knee Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
rear_knee_stability	Rear Knee Stability	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hold_duration_s	Hold Duration	s	number	5–30	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Bout

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
step_count	Steps	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
advance_count	Advances	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
retreat_count	Retreats	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
step_rate	Step Rate	spm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
step_interval_mean_ms	Mean Step Interval	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
step_interval_cv	Rhythm Variability	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
pre_attack_tempo_change	Tempo Before the Attack	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
step_interval	Step Interval	ms	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
rear_foot_trajectory	Rear Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
weapon_hand_trajectory	Weapon Hand Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bout_distance	Distance	m	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bout_distance_at_attack_m	Distance at the Attack	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bout_first_to_close	First to Close	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bout_strip_position_m	Strip Position at the Touch	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bout_first_to_extend	First to Extend	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bout_extension_lead_ms	Extension Lead	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bout_extension_before_lamp_ms	Our Extension Before the Lamp	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
bout_opponent_extension_before_lamp_ms	Opponent’s Extension Before the Lamp	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—

Cycling (cycling)

Bike Fit

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
knee_flexion_TDC	Knee Flexion (TDC)	deg	number	65–80	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_BDC	Knee Flexion (BDC)	deg	number	145–155	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	validated
hip_flexion_TDC	Hip Flexion (TDC)	deg	number	45–65	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
ankle_angle_BDC	Ankle Angle (BDC)	deg	number	85–105	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_flexion_TDC_amplitude	Hip Flexion Amplitude	deg	number+series	35–55	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_rock	Pelvic Rock	deg	number+series	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle_cycling	Trunk Angle	deg	number	35–55	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_over_pedal_lateral_offset	KOPS Offset	cm	number	0–4	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
pedal_cadence	Cadence	rpm	number+series	75–95	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
crank_ankle_trajectory	Crank Ankle Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Steady Ride

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
knee_flexion_TDC	Knee Flexion (TDC)	deg	number	65–80	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_BDC	Knee Flexion (BDC)	deg	number	145–155	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	validated
hip_flexion_TDC	Hip Flexion (TDC)	deg	number	45–65	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
ankle_angle_BDC	Ankle Angle (BDC)	deg	number	85–105	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_flexion_TDC_amplitude	Hip Flexion Amplitude	deg	number+series	35–55	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_rock	Pelvic Rock	deg	number+series	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_angle_cycling	Trunk Angle	deg	number	35–55	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_over_pedal_lateral_offset	KOPS Offset	cm	number	0–4	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
pedal_cadence	Cadence	rpm	number+series	75–95	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
crank_ankle_trajectory	Crank Ankle Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
cadence_stability	Cadence Stability	pct	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_tracking_lateral	Knee Tracking	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_tracking_lateral	Knee Tracking L	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_tracking_lateral	Knee Tracking R	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_rock_frontal	Pelvic Rock (Frontal)	deg	number+series	0–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_drop	Shoulder Drop	deg	number	0–4	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
lr_pedal_asymmetry	L/R Pedal Asymmetry	pct	number	0–8	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Sprint

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
peak_cadence	Peak Cadence	rpm	number	110–160	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
pedal_cadence	Cadence	rpm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
power_proxy_relative	Relative Power (Proxy)	w_per_kg	number	8–18	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	—	experimental
trunk_lean_peak	Peak Trunk Lean	deg	number	25–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
out_of_saddle_pct	Out-of-Saddle Time	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
knee_valgus_dynamic_peak	Knee Valgus (Dynamic)	deg	number	0–10	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_valgus_dynamic_peak	Knee Valgus L (Dynamic)	deg	number	0–10	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_valgus_dynamic_peak	Knee Valgus R (Dynamic)	deg	number	0–10	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_sway_peak	Shoulder Sway	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Tennis (tennis)

Forehand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
backswing_amplitude	Backswing Amplitude	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
shoulder_hip_separation_peak	Shoulder-Hip Separation	deg	number	30–65	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	display	assumed
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
racket_speed_proxy	Racket Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	beta, display	validated
racket_speed_est	Racket Speed (Est.)	m_per_s	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
weight_transfer_pct	Weight Transfer	pct	number	55–85	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_at_contact_dominant	Loaded-Knee Flexion (Contact)	deg	number	110–155	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_rotation_amplitude	Trunk Rotation Amplitude	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
follow_through_amplitude	Follow-Through Amplitude	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_swing_path	Elbow Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_type	Stance	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stroke_count	Strokes Found	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_height_sd	Contact Height Consistency	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_extension_sd	Contact Extension Consistency	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stance_lateral_offset	Stance Lateral Offset	cm	number	35–70	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hip_shoulder_separation_frontal	Hip-Shoulder Separation (Frontal)	deg	number	25–55	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Backhand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
backswing_amplitude	Backswing Amplitude	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
shoulder_hip_separation_peak	Shoulder-Hip Separation	deg	number	25–55	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	display	assumed
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	145–175	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
racket_speed_proxy	Racket Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	beta, display	validated
racket_speed_est	Racket Speed (Est.)	m_per_s	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
weight_transfer_pct	Weight Transfer	pct	number	50–80	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_at_contact_dominant	Loaded-Knee Flexion (Contact)	deg	number	115–160	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_rotation_amplitude	Trunk Rotation Amplitude	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
follow_through_amplitude	Follow-Through Amplitude	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_swing_path	Elbow Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_type	Stance	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stroke_count	Strokes Found	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_height_sd	Contact Height Consistency	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_extension_sd	Contact Extension Consistency	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stance_lateral_offset	Stance Lateral Offset	cm	number	35–70	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hip_shoulder_separation_frontal	Hip-Shoulder Separation (Frontal)	deg	number	25–55	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Serve

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
toss_height	Toss Height	cm	number	50–160	—	·	—	estimated	height	—	assumed
toss_height_ratio	Toss Peak (× Height)	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
toss_height_confidence	Toss Height Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toss_height_below_head	Toss Height Below-Head	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trophy_knee_flexion	Trophy Knee Angle	deg	number	85–120	…–160	·	—	measured	—	—	validated
loading_depth_cm	Loading Depth	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trophy_shoulder_angle	Shoulder Angle (Trophy)	deg	number	80–110	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trophy_knee_confidence	Knee Confidence (Trophy)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trophy_shoulder_confidence	Shoulder Confidence (Trophy)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
technique_confidence	Technique Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
handedness_confidence	Handedness Check	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
handedness_note	Handedness Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trophy_load_lag_ms	Load Lag	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
back_arch_peak	Back Arch (Peak)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	gender	beta, display	experimental
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	241.4–258.4	—	↑	—	measured	height	—	validated
contact_height_confidence	Contact Height Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	155–175	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
wrist_speed	Wrist Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
racket_speed_est	Racket Speed (Est.)	m_per_s	number	22–42	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	—	validated
racket_speed_est_confidence	Racket Speed Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
pronation_proxy	Forearm swing after contact (retired)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
knee_drive_extension	Knee Drive Extension	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
foot_pattern	Foot Pattern	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
serve_swing_path	Serve Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
serve_toss_path	Toss Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toss_path_lateral_deviation_cm	Toss Lateral Deviation	cm	number	0–5	…–8	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_width_at_contact_cm	Stance Width (Contact)	cm	number	25.5–51	—	·	—	measured	height	—	—
trunk_lean_frontal_deg	Trunk Lean (Frontal)	deg	number	10–25	…–30	·	—	measured	—	—	—
serve_frontal_view_confidence	Serve View Confidence (Front)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Volley

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
backswing_amplitude	Backswing Amplitude	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	display	—
racket_speed_proxy	Racket Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	display	—
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	145–175	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
split_step_present	Split Step	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_lateral_offset	Stance Lateral Offset	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stance_type	Stance	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Smash

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
backswing_amplitude	Backswing Amplitude	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	display	—
racket_speed_proxy	Racket Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	display	—
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	145–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
stance_lateral_offset	Stance Lateral Offset	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stance_type	Stance	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Padel Tennis (padel)

Serve

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
serve_legal	Serve Legality	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	—
wrist_paddle_angle	Wrist-Paddle Angle	deg	number	0–30	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
backswing_amplitude	Backswing Amplitude	deg	number	40–80	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
follow_through_amplitude	Follow-Through Amplitude	deg	number	70–130	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
paddle_speed_proxy	Paddle Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number	6–14	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
weight_transfer_pct	Weight Transfer	pct	number	55–80	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	0–10	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
serve_toss_path	Ball-Hand Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Forehand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
backswing_amplitude	Backswing Amplitude	deg	number	60–110	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_hip_separation_peak	Shoulder-Hip Separation	deg	number	15–40	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	—
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	130–170	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
paddle_speed_proxy	Paddle Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number	8–18	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
weight_transfer_pct	Weight Transfer	pct	number	55–80	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_at_contact_dominant	Front-Knee Flexion at Contact	deg	number	140–165	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
follow_through_amplitude	Follow-Through Amplitude	deg	number	70–120	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_swing_path	Elbow Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Backhand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
backswing_amplitude	Backswing Amplitude	deg	number	60–110	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shoulder_hip_separation_peak	Shoulder-Hip Separation	deg	number	15–40	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	—
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	130–170	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
paddle_speed_proxy	Paddle Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number	7–16	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
weight_transfer_pct	Weight Transfer	pct	number	50–75	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_at_contact_dominant	Front-Knee Flexion at Contact	deg	number	140–165	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
follow_through_amplitude	Follow-Through Amplitude	deg	number	70–120	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_swing_path	Elbow Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Bowling (bowling)

Approach & Delivery

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
approach_steps	Approach Steps	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
phase_detection_confidence	Phase Detection Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
approach_speed	Walking Speed	m_per_s	number+series	1.5–3	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
swing_amplitude	Backswing Angle	deg	number	90–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
pendulum_path_lateral_deviation	Swing Distance Away From Body	cm	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trunk_lean_at_backswing	Backswing Body Lean	deg	number	20–42	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lean_at_release	Forward Body Lean	deg	number	18–42	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_opening_at_backswing	Hip Opening (Backswing)	deg	number	35–55	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
hip_opening_confidence	Hip Opening Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
release_knee_flexion	Slide Knee Bend	deg	number	140–160	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
slide_foot_distance	Slide Length	cm	number	30–80	—	·	—	measured	height	—	—
release_height	Ball Laydown Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
release_timing_offset	Release Timing	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ball_parallel_at_plant	Ball Parallel at Plant	deg	number	-20–20	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
swing_timing	Swing Timing	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
follow_through_amplitude	Follow-Through Height	deg	number	120–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_post_release	Finish Balance	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
swing_speed_proxy	Swing Speed	m_per_s	number+series	4–10	—	↑	—	estimated	gender	—	—
com_velocity_at_plant	CoM Velocity at Plant	m_per_s	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
peak_slide_foot_velocity	Peak Slide-Foot Velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
slide_execution_time	Slide Execution Time	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
angle_of_release	Angle of Release	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
release_elbow_flexion	Release Elbow Flexion	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
wrist_trajectory	Wrist Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
slide_foot_path	Slide Foot Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ear_wrist_angle_lowest_point	Ear-to-Wrist Angle (Lowest Point)	deg	number	-8–8	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
ear_wrist_angle_release	Ear-to-Wrist Angle (Release)	deg	number	0–15	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
shoulder_alignment_at_release	Shoulder Rotation at Release	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
shoulder_tilt	Shoulder Tilt (Release)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
spine_lateral_lean	Spine Lateral Lean (Release)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
lateral_drift_at_release	Total Drift	cm	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
step_direction	Step Direction	cm	number	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	display	—
technique_confidence	Technique Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Overall Bowling Rating	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Baseball (baseball)

Swing

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
bat_speed_proxy	Hand Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	4–15	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	validated
bat_speed_est	Bat Speed (Est.)	m_per_s	number	25.9–34.9	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
bat_speed_confidence	Hand Speed Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bat_speed_est_confidence	Bat Speed (Est.) Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
lead_knee_flexion_at_contact	Lead Knee Flexion (Contact)	deg	number	110–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lean_at_contact	Trunk Lean (Contact)	deg	number	0–15	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
stride_length_proxy	Stride Length (Proxy)	cm	number	80–150	—	↑	—	estimated	height	beta	assumed
swing_duration_ms	Swing Duration	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
time_to_contact_ms	Time to Contact	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
bat_swing_path	Bat Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Pitching

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
arm_speed_proxy	Arm Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	4–15	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	validated
arm_speed_confidence	Arm Speed Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
lead_knee_flexion_at_release	Lead Knee Flexion (Release)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
shoulder_external_rotation_peak	Arm Layback (Sagittal Proxy)	deg	number	0–15	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
elbow_flexion_at_release	Elbow Flexion (Release)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lean_at_release	Trunk Lean (Release)	deg	number	0–25	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
stride_length_proxy	Stride Length (Proxy)	cm	number	80–150	—	↑	—	estimated	height	beta	assumed
stride_length_confidence	Stride Length Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
delivery_arm_path	Delivery Arm Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Football (football)

Strike

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
approach_speed	Approach Speed	m_per_s	number	2.5–5.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_at_backswing	Knee Angle at Backswing	deg	number	40–90	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_extension_at_contact	Hip Extension at Contact	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_extension_velocity	Knee Extension Velocity	deg_per_s	number	1000–2400	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
foot_speed_at_contact	Foot Speed at Contact	m_per_s	number+series	10–26	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	validated
trunk_lean_at_contact	Trunk Lean at Contact	deg	number+series	10–40	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
ankle_flexion_at_contact	Ankle Flexion at Contact	deg	number	60–110	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
follow_through_amplitude	Follow-Through Amplitude	deg	number	35–90	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
foot_swing_path	Foot Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
plant_foot_path	Plant-Foot Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
plant_foot_lateral_offset	Plant-Foot Lateral Offset	cm	number	8–30	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
hip_shoulder_separation_frontal	Hip–Shoulder Separation (rear)	deg	number+series	10–40	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta	—
plant_knee_valgus	Plant-Knee Valgus	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	—
pelvic_drop_peak	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number	0–10	—	↓	—	measured	height	beta	—
football_view_confidence	View Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Pass

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
approach_speed	Approach Speed	m_per_s	number	0.5–2.5	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_at_backswing	Knee Angle at Backswing	deg	number	90–140	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_extension_at_contact	Hip Extension at Contact	deg	number	160–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_extension_velocity	Knee Extension Velocity	deg_per_s	number	400–1400	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
foot_speed_at_contact	Foot Speed at Contact	m_per_s	number+series	4–12	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	validated
trunk_lean_at_contact	Trunk Lean at Contact	deg	number+series	5–30	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
ankle_flexion_at_contact	Ankle Flexion at Contact	deg	number	60–110	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
follow_through_amplitude	Follow-Through Amplitude	deg	number	15–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
foot_swing_path	Foot Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
plant_foot_path	Plant-Foot Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
football_view_confidence	View Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Badminton (badminton)

Smash

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	200–270	—	↑	—	estimated	height	—	—
contact_extension	Racket-Arm Extension	deg	number	165–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
trophy_knee_flexion	Trophy Knee Angle	deg	number	110–145	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
back_arch_peak	Back Arch (Cock)	deg	number	15–35	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
racket_speed_proxy	Racket Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	1.5–6	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
knee_drive_extension	Knee Drive Extension	deg	number	165–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_swing_path	Elbow Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
non_racket_arm_path	Non-Racket Arm Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Clear

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	200–270	—	↑	—	estimated	height	—	—
contact_extension	Racket-Arm Extension	deg	number	165–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
trophy_knee_flexion	Trophy Knee Angle	deg	number	110–145	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
back_arch_peak	Back Arch (Cock)	deg	number	15–35	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
racket_speed_proxy	Racket Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	1.5–6	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
knee_drive_extension	Knee Drive Extension	deg	number	165–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_swing_path	Elbow Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
non_racket_arm_path	Non-Racket Arm Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Forehand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
racket_speed_proxy	Racket Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	1.5–6	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
elbow_extension_velocity	Elbow Extension Velocity	deg_per_s	number+series	450–900	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_extension_velocity_confidence	Elbow Extension Velocity Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
contact_extension	Racket-Arm Extension (SEW)	deg	number	165–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_shoulder_relative_height	Elbow–Shoulder Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trunk_rotation_amplitude	Trunk Rotation	deg	number	20–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
knee_flexion_at_prep	Knee Flexion at Prep	deg	number	110–145	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
weight_transfer_pct	Weight Transfer (CoM)	pct	number	55–80	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Backhand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
racket_speed_proxy	Racket Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	1.5–5	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
elbow_extension_velocity	Elbow Extension Velocity	deg_per_s	number+series	450–750	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_extension_velocity_confidence	Elbow Extension Velocity Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
contact_extension	Racket-Arm Extension (SEW)	deg	number	155–170	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_leading_angle	Elbow-Leading Angle	deg	number	30–50	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
backhand_frontal_view_confidence	Backhand Front-View Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_rotation_amplitude	Trunk Rotation (away-from-net)	deg	number	15–30	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
knee_flexion_at_prep	Knee Flexion at Prep	deg	number	110–145	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
weight_transfer_pct	Weight Transfer (CoM · sagittal)	pct	number	50–75	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
shoulder_elbow_cross_body_angle	Cross-Body Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
com_lateral_displacement	CoM Lateral Displacement	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
elbow_load_risk	Elbow Load Risk	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Cricket (cricket)

Cover Drive

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
front_foot_lunge_depth	Front-Foot Lunge Depth	cm	number	50–90	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_rotation_at_contact	Trunk Rotation (Contact)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
front_arm_extension	Front-Arm Extension	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	validated
head_over_front_knee	Head Over Front Knee	cm	number	0–15	—	·	—	measured	—	—	validated
bat_swing_path	Bat Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Pace Bowling

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
front_foot_knee_flexion	Front-Foot Knee Flexion (Impact)	deg	number	150–180	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
back_foot_contact_angle	Back-Foot Contact Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_shoulder_separation	Hip-Shoulder Separation (Release)	deg	number	30–55	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
bowling_arm_speed	Bowling-Arm Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
delivery_stride_path	Bowling Arm Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
front_foot_trajectory	Front Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Basketball (basketball)

Set Shot

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
elbow_set_angle	Elbow Set Angle	deg	number	60–100	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
release_elbow_angle	Release Elbow Angle	deg	number	150–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
release_height_ratio	Release Height Ratio	ratio	number	1.15–1.45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
release_arm_angle	Release Arm Angle	deg	number	45–70	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
knee_load_depth	Knee Load Depth	deg	number	100–140	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_load_angle	Hip Load Angle	deg	number	100–145	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lean_release	Trunk Lean at Release	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
vertical_rise	Vertical Rise	cm	number	10–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
follow_through_wrist_angle	Follow-Through Wrist Angle	deg	number	140–180	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	validated
shot_tempo	Shot Tempo	ms	number	600–1500	—	·	—	measured	—	display	experimental
peak_wrist_velocity	Peak Wrist Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	2.5–6	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	validated
shooting_arm_alignment	Shooting Arm Alignment	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
shot_path	Shot Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
shot_elbow_path	Shooting Elbow Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Countermovement Jump

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
jump_height	Jump Height	cm	number+series	30–70	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
takeoff_velocity	Takeoff Velocity	m_per_s	number	2.2–3.4	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
countermovement_depth	Countermovement Depth	cm	number	20–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
contact_time	Contact Time	ms	number	200–450	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	400–750	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
grf	GRF	bw	number+series	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	1500–3500	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
relative_peak_force	Relative Peak Force	n_per_kg	number	20–35	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
impulse	Vertical Impulse	n_s	number	150–300	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
avg_propulsive_force	Avg Propulsive Force	n	number	1000–2500	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
braking_impulse	Braking Impulse	n_s	number	60–200	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
braking_impulse_duration	Braking Impulse Duration	ms	number	80–250	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
propulsive_impulse	Propulsive Impulse	n_s	number	150–300	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
propulsive_impulse_duration	Propulsive Impulse Duration	ms	number	200–450	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	experimental
peak_power	Peak Power	w	number	2800–6000	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	35–55	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	validated
eccentric_mean_power	Eccentric Mean Power	w	number	500–1500	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
concentric_mean_power	Concentric Mean Power	w	number	1500–3000	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
vertical_stiffness	Vertical Stiffness	kn_per_m	number	5–15	—	↑	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
mrsi	Modified RSI (mRSI)	m_per_s	number	0.4–0.85	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta	—
vertical_velocity	Vertical Velocity	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_trajectory	Ankle Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
left_knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus L (Landing)	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus R (Landing)	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	validated
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	experimental
left_hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction L (Landing)	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction R (Landing)	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
landing_asymmetry	Landing Asymmetry	pct	number	0–12	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
landing_asymmetry_delta	Landing Valgus L–R Difference	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_velocity_landing	Valgus Rate (Landing)	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus_velocity_landing	Valgus Rate L (Landing)	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_valgus_velocity_landing	Valgus Rate R (Landing)	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_settle_range	Knee Settle Range (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus_settle_range	Knee Settle Range L (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_valgus_settle_range	Knee Settle Range R (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_valgus_time_to_stability	Time to Stability (Landing)	s	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus_time_to_stability	Time to Stability L (Landing)	s	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_valgus_time_to_stability	Time to Stability R (Landing)	s	number	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
pelvic_tilt_landing	Pelvic Tilt (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pelvic_rotation_screen	Pelvic Rotation (Screen)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
foot_pronation_landing	Rear-Foot Pronation (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_foot_pronation_landing	Rear-Foot Pronation L (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_foot_pronation_landing	Rear-Foot Pronation R (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
peak_knee_flexion_landing	Peak Knee Flexion (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
landing_strategy	Landing Strategy	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
knee_flexion_excursion	Knee Excursion (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
hip_flexion_excursion	Hip Excursion (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ankle_flexion_excursion	Ankle Excursion (Landing)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tibial_inclination_ic	Shin Angle at Contact	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tibial_inclination_peak_flexion	Shin Angle at Peak Flexion	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
landing_absorption_captured	Landing Absorption Captured	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
landing_frontal_captured	Landing Frontal Read Captured	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_width_landing	Stance Width (Landing)	cm	number	18–45	—	·	—	measured	—	—	assumed
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	assumed
total_time	Total Time	ms	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
landing_time	Landing Time	ms	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
damping_time	Damping Time	ms	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
cmj_validity	Trial Validity	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Scuba Diving (scuba_diving)

Flutter Kick

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
hip_flexion_rom_involved	Hip ROM (Involved)	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_flexion_rom_uninvolved	Hip ROM (Sound Side)	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
knee_flexion_rom_involved	Knee ROM (Involved)	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
knee_flexion_rom_uninvolved	Knee ROM (Sound Side)	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_dorsiflexion_rom_involved	Ankle Dorsiflexion ROM (Involved)	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_dorsiflexion_rom_uninvolved	Ankle Dorsiflexion ROM (Sound Side)	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_flexion_si_pct	Hip Symmetry Index	pct	number	-10–10	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_flexion_sa_pct	Hip Symmetry Angle	pct	number	-10–10	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_si_pct	Knee Symmetry Index	pct	number	-10–10	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
knee_flexion_sa_pct	Knee Symmetry Angle	pct	number	-10–10	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
ankle_dorsiflexion_si_pct	Ankle Symmetry Index	pct	number	-10–10	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
ankle_dorsiflexion_sa_pct	Ankle Symmetry Angle	pct	number	-10–10	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
hip_flexion_xcorr_lag_ms	Hip Timing Asymmetry	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
knee_flexion_xcorr_lag_ms	Knee Timing Asymmetry	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_dorsiflexion_xcorr_lag_ms	Ankle Timing Asymmetry	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
cycle_detection_confidence	Cycle Detection Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

Ice Hockey (ice_hockey)

Skating Start

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion	deg	number+series	80–120	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_rom	Hip ROM	deg	number+series	60–100	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
ankle_plantarflexion	Blade Engagement	deg	number+series	5–25	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number+series	40–65	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
over_ground_top_speed	Top Skating Speed	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
acceleration_burst_peak	First Step Quickness	m_per_s2	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stride_rate	Stride Rate	spm	number	93–117	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
knee_flexion_si_pct	Knee Flexion Asymmetry	pct	number	…–10	—	↓	—	measured	—	display	—
hip_rom_si_pct	Hip ROM Asymmetry	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
ankle_plantarflexion_si_pct	Ankle Drive Asymmetry	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
shin_torso_differential	Shin-Torso Alignment	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
chin_angle	Chin Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
peak_trunk_lean	Peak Trunk Lean	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
push_glide_ratio	Push : Glide Ratio	ratio	number	1.2–2	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
skating_stride_length	Skating Stride Length	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
propulsion_time_ms	Propulsion Time	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
propulsion_distance_pct	Propulsion Distance	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stride_push_timing_left	Push Timing (L)	pct	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
stride_push_timing_right	Push Timing (R)	pct	number	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
shin_blade_angle	Knee Drive	deg	number	8–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
stride_location	Stride Location	deg	number	45–58	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stride_location_left	Stride Location (L)	deg	number	45–58	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
stride_location_right	Stride Location (R)	deg	number	45–58	—	·	per side	measured	—	display	—
hip_excursion_consistency	Hip-Excursion Consistency	pct	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
phase_detection_confidence	Phase Detection Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

American Football (american_football)

cut_90

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cod_time	Change-of-Direction Time	s	number	0.25–0.45	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cod_time_confidence	COD Time Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
entry_speed	Entry Speed	m_per_s	number	4.5–8.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
exit_speed	Exit Speed	m_per_s	number	4–8	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
cutting_angle	Cutting Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
deceleration	Peak Deceleration	m_per_s2	number	3.5–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_retention_ratio	Speed Retention	ratio	number	0.3–1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_recovery_ratio	Speed Recovery	ratio	number	0.85–1.1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_loss	Speed Loss	m_per_s	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
shin_angle	Shin Angle	deg	number	45–65	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	60–85	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
stride_length	Stride Length	m	number	0.3–1.2	—	·	—	measured	height	beta, display	—
com_velocity_at_plant	COM Velocity at Plant	m_per_s	number	1.5–6	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
v_hipx_min	Minimum Velocity	m_per_s	number	0.5–4	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pfc_velocity_delta	PFC Velocity Delta	m_per_s	number	0–1.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ffc_velocity_delta	FFC Velocity Delta	m_per_s	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
turn_strategy	Turn Strategy	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
max_acceleration	Peak Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	4–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_power	Peak Horizontal Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_left	Avg Contact Time (L)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_right	Avg Contact Time (R)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
speed	Instantaneous Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
acceleration	Acceleration	m_per_s2	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
plant_foot_trajectory	Plant Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trail_foot_trajectory	Trail Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	estimated	—	beta	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
stance_width_cm	Stance Width	cm	number	20–40	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
valgus_collapse_score	Valgus Collapse	score	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cmas_score	CMAS	score	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cmas_risk	CMAS Risk	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

cut_180

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cod_time	Change-of-Direction Time	s	number	2–3	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cod_time_confidence	COD Time Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
entry_speed	Entry Speed	m_per_s	number	4.5–8.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
exit_speed	Exit Speed	m_per_s	number	4–8	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
cutting_angle	Cutting Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
deceleration	Peak Deceleration	m_per_s2	number	3.5–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_retention_ratio	Speed Retention	ratio	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
speed_recovery_ratio	Speed Recovery	ratio	number	0.85–1.1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
speed_loss	Speed Loss	m_per_s	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
shin_angle	Shin Angle	deg	number	45–65	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trunk_angle	Trunk Angle	deg	number	60–85	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
stride_length	Stride Length	m	number	0.3–1.2	—	·	—	measured	height	beta, display	—
com_velocity_at_plant	COM Velocity at Plant	m_per_s	number	1.5–6	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
v_hipx_min	Minimum Velocity	m_per_s	number	0.5–4	—	↑	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
pfc_velocity_delta	PFC Velocity Delta	m_per_s	number	0–1.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
ffc_velocity_delta	FFC Velocity Delta	m_per_s	number	0–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
max_acceleration	Peak Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	4–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_power	Peak Horizontal Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_left	Avg Contact Time (L)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_right	Avg Contact Time (R)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
speed	Instantaneous Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
acceleration	Acceleration	m_per_s2	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
plant_foot_trajectory	Plant Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trail_foot_trajectory	Trail Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	estimated	—	beta	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number	0–15	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop	deg	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
stance_width_cm	Stance Width	cm	number	20–40	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
valgus_collapse_score	Valgus Collapse	score	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cmas_score	CMAS	score	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
cmas_risk	CMAS Risk	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

5-0-5

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
time_505	5-0-5 Time	s	number	2–2.9	—	↓	—	measured	gender	—	validated
time_505_confidence	5-0-5 Time Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
speed	Instantaneous Speed	m_per_s	number+series	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
entry_speed	Entry Speed	m_per_s	number	4.5–8.5	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	experimental
exit_speed	Exit Speed	m_per_s	number	4–8	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	experimental
cutting_angle	Cutting Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	assumed
deceleration	Peak Deceleration	m_per_s2	number	3.5–9	—	↑	—	measured	gender	—	experimental
acceleration	Acceleration	m_per_s2	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
plant_foot_trajectory	Plant Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
trail_foot_trajectory	Trail Foot Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
speed_retention_ratio	Speed Retention	ratio	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	assumed
speed_recovery_ratio	Speed Recovery	ratio	number	0.85–1.1	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
max_acceleration	Peak Acceleration	m_per_s2	number	4–9	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
peak_power	Peak Horizontal Power	w	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
relative_power	Relative Power	w_per_kg	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
avg_contact_time_left	Avg Contact Time (L)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
avg_contact_time_right	Avg Contact Time (R)	ms	number	100–250	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
contact_time_asymmetry	Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
time_505_tier	5-0-5 Tier	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_pivot_force	Peak Pivot Force	bw	number	3–3.8	—	·	—	estimated	—	beta	experimental
pelvic_drop_peak	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	0–8	…–12	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction	Hip Adduction	deg	number	0–18	…–27	↓	—	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	0–18	…–27	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	0–18	…–27	↓	per side	measured	—	beta	—
knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation	deg	number	-8–8	-12–12	·	—	measured	—	beta	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	-8–8	-12–12	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	-8–8	-12–12	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	0–7	…–10.5	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
step_width	Step Width	cm	number+series	8–20	2–26	·	—	measured	height	—	—
lr_asymmetry	L/R Asymmetry (hip adduction)	pct	number	0–12	…–18	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta	—
pelvic_drop	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	—
trunk_inclination	Trunk Inclination	deg	number+series	5–15	1.5–20	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
left_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation L	deg	number+series	4–10	2–13	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation R	deg	number+series	4–10	2–13	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed

Single Leg Broad Jump

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
hop_distance	Hop Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop_distance_normalized	Hop Distance / Height	pct	number	95–125	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
takeoff_duration	Take-Off Duration	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
reactive_strength_ratio	Reactive Strength Ratio	ratio	number	1–2.5	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_takeoff_force	Peak Take-Off Force	bw	number	2–3.5	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
concentric_impulse	Concentric Impulse	bw_s	number	0.1–0.18	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
knee_flexion_ic	Knee Flexion at Contact	deg	number	25–60	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
landing_alpha_angle	Landing Alpha Angle	deg	number	45–75	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
landing_beta_angle	Landing Beta Angle	deg	number	30–60	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_flexion_landing	Trunk Flexion (Landing)	deg	number	20–45	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_landing_force	Peak Landing Force	bw	number	2.5–5	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
vertical_loading_rate	Vertical Loading Rate	bw_per_s	number	40–80	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
time_to_peak_landing_force	Time to Peak Landing Force	ms	number	50–120	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
landing_impulse	Landing Impulse	bw_s	number	0.1–0.25	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
time_to_stabilisation	Time to Stabilisation	s	number	1–2.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
vertical_stability_index	Vertical Stability Index	bw	number	0.2–0.38	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
anteroposterior_stability_index	Anteroposterior Stability Index	bw	number	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
mediolateral_stability_index	Mediolateral Stability Index	bw	number	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	—	—
peak_force	Peak Force	n	number	—	—	↑	—	estimated	—	—	—
hop_distance_confidence	Hop Distance Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg	Stance Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg_confidence	Stance Leg Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trial_confidence	Trial Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
medial_knee_displacement	Medial Knee Displacement	cm	number	0–2.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
contralateral_pelvic_drop	Contralateral Pelvic Drop	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_internal_rotation_grade	Hip IR Grade	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Single Leg Triple Hop

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
total_hop_distance	Total Hop Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
total_hop_distance_normalized	Hop Distance / Height	ratio	number	4–4.6	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop1_distance	Hop 1 Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop2_distance	Hop 2 Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop3_distance	Hop 3 Distance	cm	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hop_decrement_ratio	Hop 1:3 Decrement	ratio	number	0.9–1.05	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
contact_time	Contact Time	ms	number	150–250	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
rsi_hop	RSI-Hop	m_per_s	number	1.5–2.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
flight_time	Flight Time	ms	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
takeoff_velocity	Take-Off Velocity	m_per_s	number	3.5–5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
com_vertical_displacement	COM Vertical Displacement	cm	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
knee_flexion_ic	Knee Flexion at Contact	deg	number	25–40	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
peak_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion	deg	number	60–90	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_flexion_landing	Trunk Flexion (Landing)	deg	number	20–35	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_flexion_ic	Hip Flexion at Contact	deg	number	45–70	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
ankle_dorsiflexion_ic	Ankle Dorsiflexion at Contact	deg	number	15–25	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
ankle_dorsiflexion_peak	Peak Ankle Dorsiflexion	deg	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
time_to_stabilisation	Time to Stabilisation	s	number	1–2	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
distance_confidence	Distance Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg	Stance Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stance_leg_confidence	Stance Leg Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
trial_confidence	Trial Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory L	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_trajectory	Knee Trajectory R	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	—
knee_valgus_landing	Knee Valgus (Landing)	deg	number	0–7	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction_landing	Hip Adduction (Landing)	deg	number	0–12	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway (Landing)	cm	number	0–6	—	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
medial_knee_displacement	Medial Knee Displacement	cm	number	0–2.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
contralateral_pelvic_drop	Contralateral Pelvic Drop	deg	number	0–8	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_internal_rotation_grade	Hip IR Grade	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	—	—
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	—	—
pelvic_drop	Pelvic Drop	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Long Snap

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
hip_angle_at_set	Hip Angle at Set	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
knee_angle_at_set	Knee Angle at Set	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
trunk_angle_at_set	Trunk Angle at Set	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
shank_angle_at_set	Shin Angle at Set	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
shoulder_angle_at_set	Shoulder Angle at Set	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elbow_angle_at_set	Elbow Angle at Set	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
trunk_angle_change_snap	Trunk Movement Through the Snap	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elbow_angle_min	Deepest Elbow Bend	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elbow_min_timing_pct	Timing of Deepest Elbow Bend	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
knee_angle_ball_at_ankle	Knee Angle as the Ball Passes the Ankle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
hip_angle_at_release	Hip Angle at Release	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
shank_angle_at_release	Shin Angle at Release	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elbow_extension_at_release	Elbow Angle at Release	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
shoulder_angle_at_release	Shoulder Angle at Release	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
snap_time_ms	Release Time	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
hip_lead_time_ms	Hip Lead Time	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
hand_speed_at_release	Hand Speed at Release	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elbow_extension_velocity_peak	Peak Elbow Extension Speed	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
ball_speed_at_release	Ball Speed at Release	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
ball_release_height	Ball Release Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
ball_release_angle	Ball Release Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
snap_hand_path	Hand Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—

Falls Risk Indicator (fri)

Timed Walk

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
cadence	Cadence	spm	number+series	95–135	—	·	—	measured	—	—	validated
speed	Speed	m_per_s	number+series	1.19–1.5	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
speed_confidence	Speed Source	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
footstrike	Foot Strike Pattern	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
foot_strike_angle	Foot Strike Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
stance_length	Stance Length	m	number+series	0.6–0.9	—	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
stride_length	Stride Length	m	number	1.2–1.5	—	↑	—	measured	height	—	validated
step_length	Step Length	m	number	0.6–0.78	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
step_width	Step Width	cm	number+series	7–13	4–16	·	—	measured	height	—	validated
contact_time	Stance Time	ms	number+series	450–750	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
double_support_time	Double Support	ms	number	100–220	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	validated
stance_pct	Stance Phase	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
swing_pct	Swing Phase	pct	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
double_support_pct	Double Support (% cycle)	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
stride_time_cv	Stride Time Variability	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
step_length_asymmetry	Step Length Asymmetry	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
arm_swing_rom	Arm Swing	deg	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
balance_lr	L/R Balance	pct	number	46–54	—	·	L/R	measured	—	—	assumed
pelvic_drop_peak	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	0–6	…–9	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_adduction	Hip Adduction	deg	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction L	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_hip_adduction	Hip Adduction R	deg	number+series	—	—	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway_peak	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	0–4	…–6	↓	—	measured	height	—	—
lr_asymmetry	L/R Asymmetry (hip adduction)	pct	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	assumed
pelvic_drop	Lateral Pelvic Tilt	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
trunk_lateral_sway	Trunk Sway	cm	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	height	—	assumed
trunk_inclination	Trunk Inclination	deg	number+series	3–8	0.5–10.5	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_knee_valgus	Knee Frontal Deviation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
left_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation L	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
right_foot_pronation	Foot Pronation R	deg	number+series	—	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta, display	experimental
knee_flexion	Knee Flexion (stance)	deg	number+series	15–25	—	·	—	measured	—	—	experimental
ankle_dorsiflexion	Ankle dorsiflexion	deg	number+series	8–15	—	·	—	measured	—	—	validated
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	2–6	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
hip_extension	Hip Extension	deg	number+series	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
left_swing_time	Swing Time L	ms	number	350–600	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
right_swing_time	Swing Time R	ms	number	350–600	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	validated
left_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion L	deg	number	25–50	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_hip_flexion	Hip Flexion R	deg	number	25–50	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion L	deg	number	50–80	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
right_knee_flexion	Peak Knee Flexion R	deg	number	50–80	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	experimental
left_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean L	deg	number	0–8	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
right_trunk_lean	Trunk Lean R	deg	number	0–8	—	·	per side	measured	—	—	assumed
left_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe L	cm	number	0–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
right_knee_forward_toe	Knee Over Toe R	cm	number	0–12	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	assumed
left_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt L	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
right_pelvic_tilt	Pelvic Tilt R	deg	number	5–20	—	·	per side	measured	—	beta	—
left_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_hip_flexion_deficit	Hip Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
left_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit L	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
right_knee_flexion_deficit	Knee Flexion Deficit R	deg	number	0–3	…–8	↓	per side	measured	—	beta, display	—
contact_time_asymmetry	Ground Contact Asymmetry	pct	number	0–10	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	—	—
contact_angle	Contact angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
shank_angle	Shank angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
push_angle	Push-off angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
angular_speed	Shank angular speed	deg_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
v_hipx_min	Min forward hip velocity	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
stride_time	Step time	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
run_duration	Clip duration	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
distance	Distance	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
elevation	Elevation Change	m	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
heel_trajectory	Heel Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
toe_trajectory	Toe Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
score	Technique Score	score	number	70–100	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—

Timed Up and Go

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
tug_total_time	TUG Total Time	s	number	…–7.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	assumed
tug_total_time_confidence	TUG Timing Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
tug_timing_note	TUG Timing Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
tug_sit_to_stand_time	TUG Sit-to-Stand	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
tug_walk_out_time	TUG Walk Out	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
tug_turn_time	TUG Turn	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
tug_walk_back_time	TUG Walk Back	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
tug_turn_steps	TUG Turn Steps	count	number	…–4	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta	assumed
tug_walk_out_cadence	TUG Walk Out Cadence	spm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tug_walk_back_cadence	TUG Walk Back Cadence	spm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tug_walk_out_contact_time	TUG Walk Out Stance	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tug_walk_back_contact_time	TUG Walk Back Stance	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
tug_sit_down_time	TUG Sit Down	s	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—

5x Sit-to-Stand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
sts_total_time	5xSTS Total Time	s	number	…–11.5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	assumed
sts_total_time_confidence	5xSTS Timing Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_timing_note	5xSTS Timing Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_reps_completed	Repetitions Completed	count	number	5–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_partial_reps	Partial Repetitions	count	number	…–0	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_rises_detected	Rises Detected	count	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
sts_hip_flexion_peak	Peak Hip Flexion	deg	number	100–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
sts_knee_extension_top	Knee Extension at Top	deg	number	170–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
sts_hip_extension_top	Hip Extension at Top	deg	number	170–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_hip_asymmetry_at_seat_off	Hip Asymmetry at Seat-Off	deg	number	…–5	…–10	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta	—
sts_knee_asymmetry_at_seat_off	Knee Asymmetry at Seat-Off	deg	number	—	—	↓	L/R	measured	—	beta, display	—
sts_trunk_lean_at_peak_flexion	Trunk Lean at Peak Flexion	deg	number	…–10	…–30	↓	—	measured	—	beta	assumed
sts_time_to_full_extension	Time to Full Extension	s	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
sts_peak_speed_decay_pct	Peak Rise Speed Decay	pct	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
sts_arm_assist	Arm Assist	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
sts_stop_or_rest	Stop or Rest	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

4-Stage Balance

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
balance_side_by_side_hold_s	Side-by-Side Hold	s	number	10–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
balance_semi_tandem_hold_s	Semi-Tandem Hold	s	number	10–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	assumed
balance_tandem_hold_s	Tandem Hold	s	number	10–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
balance_single_leg_hold_s	Single-Leg Hold	s	number	5–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	experimental
balance_single_leg_other_hold_s	Single-Leg Hold (Other Leg)	s	number	5–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	experimental
balance_stages_completed	Stages Completed	count	number	4–…	—	↑	—	measured	—	—	validated
balance_stages_detected	Stances Timed	count	number	—	—	↑	—	measured	—	display	—
balance_single_leg_stance_side	Standing Leg	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_single_leg_other_stance_side	Standing Leg (Other Trial)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_stage_sequence_confidence	Stage Sequence Confidence	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_stage_note	Stage Note	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
balance_trunk_sway_peak_cm	Trunk Sway (Peak)	cm	number+series	—	—	↓	—	estimated	—	beta, display	—
balance_trunk_sway_stability_cm	Trunk Sway Steadiness	cm	number	—	—	↓	—	measured	—	beta, display	—
balance_pelvic_drop_peak	Pelvic Drop (Single-Leg)	deg	number+series	…–5	—	↓	—	measured	—	—	—

Pickleball (pickleball)

Volley Serve

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	display	—
serve_legal	Serve Legality	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_waist_margin	Margin Below the Waist	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_path_angle	Paddle Path Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
serve_arc_margin	Arc Margin	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_contact_ahead	Contact Ahead of Lead Foot	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_lead_knee_flexion	Lead Knee Flexion (Contact)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_lead_hip_flexion	Lead Hip Flexion (Contact)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_pelvis_shift	Weight Transfer (Hip Shift)	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_rear_foot_lift_ms	Rear-Foot Lift Timing	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_stance_stagger	Stance Stagger	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_stance_width	Stance Width	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_release_to_contact_ms	Release to Contact	ms	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
serve_release_height	Release Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
serve_trunk_rotation_proxy	Trunk Rotation (Proxy)	pct	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_trunk_side_lean	Trunk Side Lean	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
paddle_speed_proxy	Paddle Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
serve_count	Serves Found	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_contact_height_sd	Contact Height Consistency	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_path_angle_sd	Path Angle Consistency	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_contact_ahead_sd	Contact Point Consistency	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
serve_toss_path	Ball-Hand Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

Drop Serve

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	display	—
serve_path_angle	Paddle Path Angle	deg	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_contact_ahead	Contact Ahead of Lead Foot	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_lead_knee_flexion	Lead Knee Flexion (Contact)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_lead_hip_flexion	Lead Hip Flexion (Contact)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_pelvis_shift	Weight Transfer (Hip Shift)	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_rear_foot_lift_ms	Rear-Foot Lift Timing	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_stance_stagger	Stance Stagger	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_stance_width	Stance Width	ratio	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_release_to_contact_ms	Release to Contact	ms	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
serve_release_height	Release Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
serve_trunk_rotation_proxy	Trunk Rotation (Proxy)	pct	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
trunk_lean	Trunk Lean	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_trunk_side_lean	Trunk Side Lean	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
paddle_speed_proxy	Paddle Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
serve_count	Serves Found	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_contact_height_sd	Contact Height Consistency	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_path_angle_sd	Path Angle Consistency	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
serve_contact_ahead_sd	Contact Point Consistency	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
serve_toss_path	Ball-Hand Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

Forehand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	display	—
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
paddle_speed_proxy	Paddle Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
weight_transfer_pct	Weight Transfer	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
knee_flexion_at_contact_dominant	Loaded-Knee Flexion (Contact)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
forward_swing_duration_ms	Forward-Swing Duration	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stance_lateral_offset	Stance Lateral Offset	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stance_by_view	Stance (This View)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stroke_count	Strokes Found	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_height_sd	Contact Height Consistency	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_extension_sd	Contact Extension Consistency	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_swing_path	Elbow Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

Backhand

Key	Name	Unit	Type	Good	Amber	Better	Side	Basis	Personalised	Status	Norm
contact_height	Contact Height	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	height	display	—
contact_extension	Contact Extension	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
paddle_speed_proxy	Paddle Speed (Proxy)	m_per_s	number	—	—	·	—	estimated	—	display	—
weight_transfer_pct	Weight Transfer	pct	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
knee_flexion_at_contact_dominant	Loaded-Knee Flexion (Contact)	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
forward_swing_duration_ms	Forward-Swing Duration	ms	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stance_lateral_offset	Stance Lateral Offset	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stance_by_view	Stance (This View)	category	categorical	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
stroke_count	Strokes Found	count	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_height_sd	Contact Height Consistency	cm	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
contact_extension_sd	Contact Extension Consistency	deg	number	—	—	·	—	measured	—	display	—
swing_path	Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
elbow_swing_path	Elbow Swing Path	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—
hip_trajectory	Hip Trajectory	xy	trajectory	—	—	·	—	measured	—	—	—

Definitions

One definition per key — the text a coach reads on the metric card. Where an activity words a metric its own way, that wording is listed under the shared one, after the activity’s name.

acceleration — Acceleration

Horizontal hip acceleration through the drill (m/s²), shown as a trace. Braking into the turn and driving out of it push the same way in the frame, so a clean change of direction shows as one deep lobe whose sign depends only on which way the athlete runs on camera. It is the smoothed rate of change of the hip midpoint's horizontal speed, clipped at ±10 m/s² to suppress small tracking wobble.

acceleration_burst_peak — First Step Quickness

How sharply a skater changes speed — usually the burst off a faceoff or pivot, but a hard stop counts the same, since the read covers the whole track and both speeding up and braking. Computed from the midpoint of the two hip points: its horizontal speed across the frame is smoothed and differentiated, and the card shows the 95th percentile of the acceleration's size, scaled to m/s² from the skater's height on the standing frames (on the most upright posture in the whole clip when there is no standing set-up). Athlete-calibrated, not over-ground.

advance_count — Advances

Footwork steps toward the opponent: the lead foot travels forward along the strip and the rear foot follows.

advance_step_duration_ms — Advance Step Duration

Time spent in the advance step before the lunge itself. Too long telegraphs the attack. Measured from when the lead ankle last left stillness (horizontal speed above about 0.3 m/s after at least 0.1 s at rest) to the lunge launch — where the lead ankle's reach ahead of the hips passes about a third of the way from its en-garde level to full reach.

angle_of_release — Angle of Release

The direction your bowling hand is travelling as the ball leaves it, in degrees above horizontal (positive = moving upward). Measured from how your bowling wrist moves across about ±33 ms around the release frame — the average of its last third of positions against its first third — not from a single frame. Shown for reference only — no target range is set for it yet.

angular_speed — Shank angular speed

How fast the swinging leg's shin is rotating at the moment the other foot lands, in degrees per second. At every foot strike the shin angle (knee→ankle line against vertical) of the opposite, swinging leg is read over the two frames either side of the strike; its frame-to-frame change is averaged and scaled by the frame rate.

ankle_angle_BDC — Ankle Angle (BDC)

Ankle angle at the bottom of the pedal stroke (BDC). Coaching cue, not pathology — heel-low riders read low, calf-dominant (toe-down) riders read high; 85–105° is typical. Median over detected pedal cycles of the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot axis (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable) on the camera-side leg; about 90° is neutral.

ankle_asymmetry — Ankle Asymmetry

Left–right difference in ankle dorsiflexion at the bottom of the overhead squat, as a percentage. Lower = more symmetric; over 10 % flags a one-sided ankle restriction. Each side's angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable) is read at the deepest frame (lowest hip midpoint); the gap is |L − R| divided by the mean of those two angles, so it stays stable near a neutral ankle.

ankle_asymmetry_pct — Ankle Asymmetry %

Average left–right ankle imbalance across the clip, 0–100 %. Each frame the gap between the two ankle angles — the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable) — is divided by a fixed 60° ankle range; the number is the mean over frames where both ankles are visible. Awareness only, out of the score.

ankle_dorsiflexion — Ankle dorsiflexion

Ankle dorsiflexion — how far the shin travels forward over the foot. It is 90° minus the angle between the shin (knee→ankle) and the foot (heel→first-toe point; ankle→toe when there is no heel point): positive = toes drawn toward the shin, negative = pointed. Walking reports the peak over the near leg's stance, seated work the clip average. Limited dorsiflexion pushes compensation up into the knee and hip.

ankle_dorsiflexion_ic — Ankle Dorsiflexion at Contact

Ankle dorsiflexion of the stance leg as the foot touches down on the final landing of the triple hop, side view. More dorsiflexion lets the ankle share the absorption. Taken from the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when no heel is tracked) on the last frame before the foot lands (the last frame the stance ankle is still above floor level), and reported as 90° minus that angle: 0° = neutral ankle, higher = shin further forward over the foot.

ankle_dorsiflexion_peak — Peak Ankle Dorsiflexion

Deepest ankle dorsiflexion of the stance leg while absorbing the final landing of the triple hop, side view. Shows how much the ankle contributes to the landing; no target band. The largest value in the 0.3 s after touchdown of the same reading as Ankle Dorsiflexion (IC) — 90° minus the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point) — so 0° = neutral ankle.

ankle_dorsiflexion_rom_involved — Ankle Dorsiflexion ROM (Involved)

How far the involved (affected or prosthetic-side) ankle moves through each flutter kick, in degrees — the median over all detected kicks. The ankle angle is taken between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is missing); each kick's range is its maximum minus its minimum, with kicks timed between successive peaks of the sound-side hip angle.

ankle_dorsiflexion_rom_uninvolved — Ankle Dorsiflexion ROM (Sound Side)

How far the sound (uninvolved) ankle moves through each flutter kick, in degrees — the median over all detected kicks, and the reference side for the symmetry scores. The ankle angle is taken between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is missing); each kick's range is its maximum minus its minimum, with kicks timed between successive peaks of the sound-side hip angle.

ankle_dorsiflexion_sa_pct — Ankle Symmetry Angle

Symmetry angle for the ankle: the same left–right comparison as the Symmetry Index, but bounded to −100…+100% and stable when one side barely moves. 0% = symmetric, positive = the sound side moves more, negative = the involved side does; within ±10% is the target. Computed as (45° − arctan(involved ÷ sound)) × 100/90 from each side's median kick range of the ankle angle (knee, ankle, heel and toe points).

ankle_dorsiflexion_si_pct — Ankle Symmetry Index

Symmetry index for the ankle: how much more one side moves than the other, as a percentage of their average. 0% = symmetric, positive = the sound side moves more, negative = the involved side does; within ±10% is the target. Unstable when the involved side barely moves — use the Symmetry Angle then. Computed as (sound − involved) ÷ their mean × 100 from each side's median kick range of the ankle angle (knee, ankle, heel and toe points).

ankle_dorsiflexion_xcorr_lag_ms — Ankle Timing Asymmetry

Timing offset between the two ankles' kick motion, in milliseconds — independent of how far each side moves. Positive = the sound side leads (its peaks come first), negative = the involved side leads; near 0 = the legs move in sync. Found by sliding the involved ankle-angle trace against the sound side's (knee, ankle, heel and toe points) and taking the shift with the highest correlation, searched within one kick cycle.

ankle_flexion_at_contact — Ankle Flexion at Contact

Kicking-side ankle angle at ball contact — a firm, pointed ('locked') ankle for a clean instep strike. Measured at the peak foot-speed frame as the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle-to-toe when the heel is unavailable): about 90° is neutral, larger means a more pointed toe. Noisiest kick metric; display-only.

ankle_flexion_excursion — Ankle Excursion (Landing)

How many degrees the ankle travels between touchdown and the deepest point of the landing; an ankle doing most of the travel while the hip and knee stay quiet is the stiff, ankle-dominant landing. Side view, camera-facing leg: the shin-to-foot angle (knee–ankle against heel–first-toe point) at touchdown minus the same angle at peak knee flexion; positive means the shin moved forward over the foot.

ankle_lunge_confidence — Ankle Lunge Confidence

How far the ankle-lunge readings can be trusted. Low when the detector switched between the athlete and someone else in the picture, no lunge was read, the heel was never seen, a value comes from a heel-up trial, or the front camera stood off the foot line. From the side it is high only when every leg's best trial was clean — heel watched and still down; from the front, when a knee was read and in every trial the ankle sat within half a shin length of the image centre.

ankle_lunge_fppa_left — Knee FPPA, Left (Front View)

Frontal-plane projection angle of the left knee at the end of the lunge. Reported only in the standing variant — in half-kneeling the thigh points at the camera and the angle cannot be measured. Display only, not scored. Measured as the angle at the knee between the hip-to-knee and knee-to-ankle lines, averaged around the middle of end-range, only when the thigh projects at least 60 % of the shin; median of the limb's trials.

ankle_lunge_fppa_right — Knee FPPA, Right (Front View)

Frontal-plane projection angle of the right knee at the end of the lunge. Reported only in the standing variant — in half-kneeling the thigh points at the camera and the angle cannot be measured. Display only, not scored. Measured as the angle at the knee between the hip-to-knee and knee-to-ankle lines, averaged around the middle of end-range, only when the thigh projects at least 60 % of the shin; median of the limb's trials.

ankle_lunge_full_arc_left — Full Arc, Left (Optional)

The whole travel of the left shin in its best lunge, from its most plantarflexed to its most dorsiflexed moment, heel down. It adds the starting plantarflexion to the range — a lunge that starts 8° back and ends 34° forward reads 42° here and 34° as dorsiflexion from neutral. Optional, shown so an older report can be compared; not scored.

ankle_lunge_full_arc_right — Full Arc, Right (Optional)

The whole travel of the right shin in its best lunge, from its most plantarflexed to its most dorsiflexed moment, heel down. It adds the starting plantarflexion to the range — a lunge that starts 8° back and ends 34° forward reads 42° here and 34° as dorsiflexion from neutral. Optional, shown so an older report can be compared; not scored.

ankle_lunge_heel_lift_trials — Trials With Heel Lift

Trials in which the heel left the floor before the end of the lunge. Everything after the lift is left out of that trial's reading. Counted from the side: the heel-to-toe line of the foot tilts more than 6° past its set-up angle for at least 0.2 s before end-range is over; the lift is dated back to where that tilt began, and the trial is read there.

ankle_lunge_knee_medial_shift_asymmetry — Knee Inward Travel Asymmetry (Front View)

Difference between the two knees' inward travel. The robust part of a front-view read: a camera on the body's midline shifts both numbers equally. The absolute gap between the left and right values, each the median of that knee's trials.

ankle_lunge_knee_medial_shift_left — Knee Inward Travel, Left (Front View)

How far the left knee travelled toward the body's midline at the end of the lunge, in per cent of shin length: 0 = where it sat at set-up, positive = inward. No validated cut-off — compare the two limbs. Display only, not scored. The knee's sideways offset from the ankle around mid end-range, minus that offset in the settled set-up, over the set-up knee-to-ankle length; median of the limb's trials.

ankle_lunge_knee_medial_shift_right — Knee Inward Travel, Right (Front View)

How far the right knee travelled toward the body's midline at the end of the lunge, in per cent of shin length: 0 = where it sat at set-up, positive = inward. No validated cut-off — compare the two limbs. Display only, not scored. The knee's sideways offset from the ankle around mid end-range, minus that offset in the settled set-up, over the set-up knee-to-ankle length; median of the limb's trials.

ankle_lunge_knee_to_wall_left — Knee-to-Wall at 10 cm, Left

Knee-to-wall pass or fail for the left leg at 10 cm: pass when the estimated toe-to-wall distance, heel down, is 10 cm or more. Decided on the distance beside it, so it is an estimate too.

ankle_lunge_knee_to_wall_right — Knee-to-Wall at 10 cm, Right

Knee-to-wall pass or fail for the right leg at 10 cm: pass when the estimated toe-to-wall distance, heel down, is 10 cm or more. Decided on the distance beside it, so it is an estimate too.

ankle_lunge_knee_valgus_left — Knee Valgus Angle, Left (Front View)

How far the left knee moved toward the body's midline off the hip-to-ankle line at the end of the lunge, as an angle, measured as a change from the trial's own set-up: positive = inward. The frontal-plane projection angle in the form that survives a bent knee — in half-kneeling the thigh points at the camera and the usual thigh-to-shin angle cannot be read. No validated cut-off: compare the two limbs.

ankle_lunge_knee_valgus_right — Knee Valgus Angle, Right (Front View)

How far the right knee moved toward the body's midline off the hip-to-ankle line at the end of the lunge, as an angle, measured as a change from the trial's own set-up: positive = inward. The frontal-plane projection angle in the form that survives a bent knee — in half-kneeling the thigh points at the camera and the usual thigh-to-shin angle cannot be read. No validated cut-off: compare the two limbs.

ankle_lunge_limb — Limb Tested

Which leg was in front during the trials, read from the position of the legs — 'both' when each leg has a reading. From the side, the working leg is the one whose knee stands well above its ankle while the other kneels (or the forward foot when both stand); from the front, the leg whose knee-to-ankle line looks longer (or the lower foot when both stand).

ankle_lunge_lsi — Limb Symmetry Index

The stiffer ankle's best shin angle as a percentage of the freer ankle's: 100 means both ankles reach the same range. Taken on the angle, and always lower over higher, since the recording does not say which limb was injured. Return-to-sport practice commonly asks for 90 or more.

ankle_lunge_mdc — Minimal Detectable Change (This Session)

The smallest change in toe-to-wall distance that would exceed this athlete's own trial-to-trial scatter in this clip (1.96 × √2 × the standard error of the clean repeated trials of a limb). Needs three clean trials on one limb, or two on each. Taken on the estimate itself, so a knee that stays behind the toe — shown as 0 cm — still has one. A rough figure from so few trials — the published value for the tape-measured test is about 1.9 cm; a gain smaller than the larger of the two is within measurement error.

ankle_lunge_note — Ankle Lunge Note

Why a reading is missing or flagged. Present only when there is something to say. It gives the first reason that applies: the detector switching between the athlete and someone else (then nothing is reported), the leg not visible, no knee advance or a front foot that moved, the heel not seen, the heel lifted, detection gaps — and from the front, the camera off the foot line ahead of detection gaps.

ankle_lunge_tibial_inclination_asymmetry — Dorsiflexion Asymmetry

Difference between the two limbs' best dorsiflexion from neutral. Above 5° is the asymmetry flag of the half-kneeling test. Shown and scored only when both ankles were tested. Provisional. The absolute gap between the left and right values as shown, each that leg's best trial of the ankle-to-knee line's tilt from vertical.

ankle_lunge_tibial_inclination_left — Dorsiflexion From Neutral, Left

Dorsiflexion from neutral: the forward tilt of the left shin from vertical at the end of the lunge with the heel still down (tibial inclination) — 0° is the shin perpendicular to the foot. Weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion, best clean trial. Healthy young adults reach about 35–45°; green from 35°. Provisional. The ankle-to-knee line's angle from vertical, averaged across the hold (a quick touch: the top of a curve fitted to it), or read at the moment the heel lifted.

ankle_lunge_tibial_inclination_right — Dorsiflexion From Neutral, Right

Dorsiflexion from neutral: the forward tilt of the right shin from vertical at the end of the lunge with the heel still down (tibial inclination) — 0° is the shin perpendicular to the foot. Weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion, best clean trial. Healthy young adults reach about 35–45°; green from 35°. Provisional. The ankle-to-knee line's angle from vertical, averaged across the hold (a quick touch: the top of a curve fitted to it), or read at the moment the heel lifted.

ankle_lunge_toe_to_wall_asymmetry — Toe-to-Wall Asymmetry (Estimated)

Difference between the two legs' estimated toe-to-wall distance, in centimetres — the absolute gap between the left and right values shown. Healthy adults differ by up to about 1.5 cm. The allowance for the front of the knee is the same on both legs and cancels, so this is the sturdier of the distance readings.

ankle_lunge_toe_to_wall_left — Toe-to-Wall Distance, Left (Estimated)

Estimated toe-to-wall distance of the left leg — the knee-to-wall test's own score: at the end of the lunge the knee is the wall, so this is how far the front of the knee stood ahead of the big toe, heel down. The knee joint centre's lead over the big-toe point in shin lengths × 24.6 % of the profile height, plus 2 % of height for the front of the knee — no height, no value. Good to about ±2 cm until checked against a tape. Green from 10 cm.

ankle_lunge_toe_to_wall_right — Toe-to-Wall Distance, Right (Estimated)

Estimated toe-to-wall distance of the right leg — the knee-to-wall test's own score: at the end of the lunge the knee is the wall, so this is how far the front of the knee stood ahead of the big toe, heel down. The knee joint centre's lead over the big-toe point in shin lengths × 24.6 % of the profile height, plus 2 % of height for the front of the knee — no height, no value. Good to about ±2 cm until checked against a tape. Green from 10 cm.

ankle_lunge_trials — Trials

Lunges found in the clip, both feet planted — a step or a change of legs is not counted. The test asks for the best of two or three per limb. A trial is a rise of the working shin's tilt at least 10° over its resting level (from the front: the shin's image shortening by 5 %), kept only if the front ankle ends within 0.2 shin lengths of where it began, measured against the kneeling knee.

ankle_plantarflexion — Blade Engagement

Your accelerator step: the ankle extends through the finish of each push — the final "snap" that drives the blade into the ice. Reported in degrees of plantarflexion past neutral: the shin (knee to ankle) vs foot (heel to toe) angle minus 90°, so 20° is an angle of 110°. 0° is only roughly neutral: the heel-to-toe line runs through the skate, whose blade holder tilts it, so a neutral stance can read a few degrees above 0°. A negative value means the ankle stayed flexed — the shin forward over the boot — at the finish of the push. Read at the peak of each push, averaged over the strides; a skate boot typically allows 13–18°. Green: 5–25°. Below it the push is cut short; above it the number may reflect the boot tilting.

ankle_plantarflexion_si_pct — Ankle Drive Asymmetry

How closely the left and right ankles match on the push-off drive. Each leg's peak ankle extension (shin-to-foot angle from the knee, ankle, heel and toe points, 95th percentile over steady skating) is compared as |L − R| ÷ their mean × 100. A large gap can point to a strength imbalance or an old injury worth a closer look. Informational — a single side view cannot separate the two ankles reliably.

ankle_symmetry — Ankle Symmetry

How evenly the two ankles held the position, as a percentage: 100 % = identical sides, under 85 % flags uneven loading worth investigating. Each side's value is its median ankle angle over the middle 60 % of the hold — the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable) — and the score is 100 − |L − R| ÷ their mean × 100.

ankle_trajectory — Ankle Trajectory

2D path of the feet through the jump — the mean of both ankle points, or the stance ankle on single-leg tests: x = horizontal travel along the camera line, y = height above the standing position, in cm from the median of the opening frames. Read it against the hip path: feet landing within a few cm of where they left the floor is a controlled jump; drifting forward or back on landing is the fault the scalars cannot show.

anteroposterior_stability_index — Anteroposterior Stability Index

Fore-aft postural stability on landing: RMS of the estimated fore-aft ground force (×BW) from touchdown until vertical force stays within ±15 N of body weight for 0.5 s. Side view, from the horizontal acceleration of the mid-hip (midpoint of the two hip points) divided by g — a kinematic estimate, not a force plate. Higher = more forward/back sway. Reference 0.03–0.10 ×BW; left unzoned because the camera's horizontal axis is less reliable.

approach_speed — Approach Speed

Horizontal speed of the hips through the approach, read from the midpoint of the two hip points and converted to m/s with the athlete's height. In bowling the series shows the build-up across the steps.

Bowling (Walking Speed): How fast you walk up the approach, measured at your hips: the forward speed of the midpoint between your hips, converted to m/s using your height and averaged over the moments you are moving. The chart shows how your speed builds step by step; a good range is 1.5–3 m/s.

approach_steps — Approach Steps

How many steps you take on the approach — four or five. Taken from the count you entered at upload. Without one it is counted only from a side view: over the 3.5 s before the release, each step is the moment your heel reaches furthest ahead of your hips. From behind or in front the count isn't reliable, and any count other than four or five shows as not resolved.

arm_speed_confidence — Arm Speed Confidence

'High' / 'Low' flag for the arm-speed read. 'Low' when the throwing wrist's speed at the detected release frame is below 3 m/s — slower than any real pitch, so the release frame was likely mis-detected, the wrist was hidden, or no full throw was captured. Treat the arm-speed value as unreliable when it reads 'Low'.

arm_speed_proxy — Arm Speed (Proxy)

ESTIMATE — throwing-hand speed at release, a proxy for ball speed (the ball is not tracked). Release is the frame of peak throwing-wrist speed; the value is that wrist's linear speed there, converted to m/s using the athlete's height. The wrist moves far slower than the ball (roughly 4–15 m/s vs 30–45 m/s), so compare it across your own throws, not to radar readings.

arm_swing_rom — Arm Swing

How far the arm swings through the walk, measured on the arm nearest the camera. On every frame the angle between the shoulder→wrist line and the trunk (shoulder→hip line) is read, and the swing is the range between its 5th and 95th percentiles, so one lost wrist cannot inflate it. A reduced or absent swing is a recognised gait marker (Parkinsonian gait, guarding, fear of falling). No target zone.

arm_to_vertical_catch — Arm to Vertical (Catch)

How far the arm leans from vertical with the bar caught overhead in the snatch, in degrees: positive = the hands behind the shoulder, negative = in front of it. Side camera only; no green zone yet. Measured on the camera-facing side as the angle of the shoulder-to-wrist line from vertical, the median over about 0.07 s either side of the frame the bar is fixed overhead.

ascent_time — Ascent Time

Time from the bottom of the squat back to standing; the card's green zone is the target, and on a quality rep it is no longer than the descent. Timed on the smoothed height of the hip midpoint (between the left and right hip points) in the deepest rep: from the bottom of the squat, or the end of the pause when the athlete pauses there, to the hip coming back within 5 % of the rep's hip travel of standing. Under 0.2 s is dropped as a detection artefact.

avg_contact_time_left — Avg Contact Time (L)

Mean ground-contact time of the left foot across the drill. Shorter contacts = snappier, more reactive footwork. A contact is a stretch where the foot (average of the ankle and first-toe point) has almost stopped moving horizontally — under an adaptive threshold of at least 0.1 m/s, with dropouts shorter than ~0.17 s bridged; the value averages the left foot's contact durations inside the drill window.

avg_contact_time_right — Avg Contact Time (R)

Mean ground-contact time of the right foot across the drill. Compare against the left to spot a side the athlete trusts less. A contact is a stretch where the foot (average of the ankle and first-toe point) has almost stopped moving horizontally — under an adaptive threshold of at least 0.1 m/s, with dropouts shorter than ~0.17 s bridged; the value averages the right foot's contact durations inside the drill window.

avg_propulsive_force — Avg Propulsive Force

Average net push-off force from the bottom of the dip to take-off (N), over and above body weight. Bridges peak force and impulse: a strong peak with a low average means force decays during the push. Body mass × take-off velocity (from flight time) divided by the push-off time; the dip bottom is the lowest mid-hip point in the 1.5 s before the ankles leave the floor.

back_arch_peak — Back Arch (Cock)

Change in trunk angle from the first frame of the clip to the loading frame, where the trunk angle is the tilt from vertical of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint. On the tennis serve it is shown for reference, not scored: it is referenced to how the athlete stood when recording started, not to vertical, so on real serves it mostly reflects the starting lean.

back_foot_contact_angle — Back-Foot Contact Angle

Orientation of the back (drive) foot when it lands in the delivery stride — describes the action type (side-on vs more open) rather than good or bad; no green zone. Back-foot contact is the frame in the second before release where the back ankle sits lowest; the value is the tilt of the heel-to-first-toe line from horizontal on screen, 0–90°.

backhand_frontal_view_confidence — Backhand Front-View Confidence

Whether the clip really is a front / oblique-frontal capture. Read from the horizontal gap between the two shoulder points at contact: “Low” means they nearly overlapped (under about 8 cm apart), the tell for a side clip tagged as front — the cross-body reads degrade.

backswing_amplitude — Backswing Amplitude

How far the shoulder line rotates during the take-back (shoulders only — the pelvis is not in this read): the angular range of the line joining the two shoulder points in the image over the second or so before contact. Lower = compact swing, higher = full takeback.

balance_free_foot_resting — Free Foot Resting (Single-Leg)

Beta. Raised when, for at least half a second of the hold, the lifted foot sat against the standing shin — possibly resting on it rather than held clear, which the protocol does not allow. Read from a front or back camera: the free ankle within about 5 cm of the standing knee-to-ankle line, between their heights. A foot just in front of or behind the shin looks the same, so check the video; it neither ends the hold nor changes the score.

balance_lr — L/R Balance

Which leg spends longer on the ground: the left leg's mean stance time as a share of the left and right means added together, so the number of steps on each side cannot affect it. A stance runs from heel strike to toe-off, detected from the heel and first-toe points. 50/50 is perfectly symmetric; a sustained gap points at a limb being unloaded. Withheld below five stances per side.

balance_pelvic_drop_peak — Pelvic Drop (Single-Leg)

Sideways tilt of the pelvis on one leg, against the leg that took the weight. Positive = the free-side hip sat LOWER — the Trendelenburg sign; over 5° is the classical threshold. Negative = the free hip was lifted, which healthy hip muscles do. The tilt of the line between the two hip points, signed toward the free side: the most positive value over the middle of the hold (Single-Leg Stand: worst half-second averaged, against the two-footed stance).

balance_post_release — Finish Balance

Whether you hold your finish after the release: “Stable”, “Off-Balance” or “Fell Through”. Read from the midpoint between your hips in the second after you let go — a big up-and-down dip reads “Fell Through”, a big shift across the frame (along the lane on a side camera) reads “Off-Balance”, otherwise “Stable”.

balance_score — Balance Score

Balance quality for single-leg and narrow-base holds (Tree Pose, Single-Leg Stand, Tandem Stance). 100 = rock-solid, drops as the trunk wobbles. Computed as 100 − 10 × the standard deviation, in degrees, of the trunk's tilt from vertical — the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint — over the middle 60 % of the clip, floored at 0.

balance_semi_tandem_hold_s — Semi-Tandem Hold

Seconds the client held the second stance, one foot advanced half a step so its heel sits beside the other foot's instep, up to the 10-second cap. Under 10 seconds reads as moderate falls risk. Timed on the video clock from both ankle points settling until a foot moves off its spot, on the second two-footed stance in the clip; within 0.8 s of the cap counts as 10.

balance_shoulder_tilt_peak — Shoulder Tilt (Single-Leg)

Tilt of the shoulder line during the hold, relative to the athlete's two-footed stance. Positive: the free-side shoulder sat lower; negative: the shoulder over the standing leg did. Past ±5° counts against the score either way. The angle of the line joining the two shoulder points against horizontal, front or back camera, minus its two-footed median; the card is the worst half-second either way over the middle 60 % of the hold, averaged.

balance_side_by_side_hold_s — Side-by-Side Hold

Seconds the client held the first stance of the four-stage balance test — feet together, side by side, eyes open — up to the 10-second cap. The widest base in the test: falling short of 10 seconds is a finding at any age over 65. Timed on the video clock from both ankle points settling until a foot moves off its spot, on the first two-footed stance in the clip; within 0.8 s of the cap counts as 10.

balance_single_leg_hold_s — Single-Leg Hold

Seconds the client stood on one leg with the other foot clear of the ground, up to the 10-second cap. Compared against the risk threshold for their age — 8 seconds at 65–69, falling to 5 seconds past 80. Timed on the video clock while the raised foot's ankle point stays lifted beside the standing leg, on the first single-leg stance in the clip; within 0.8 s of the cap counts as 10.

balance_single_leg_note — Frontal Reading Note

Why pelvic drop, trunk lean, shoulder tilt and peak sway are missing from this trial. They are measured against the athlete's own two-footed stance in the same clip, so a tilted camera cancels out; without it they are withheld rather than shown wrong. The reason: no two-footed stance around the hold, the standing foot moved in the picture after it, no foot clearly lifted, the ankles were out of frame, or the declared leg is not the one standing.

balance_single_leg_other_hold_s — Single-Leg Hold (Other Leg)

The same single-leg stance on the other leg, shown only when the assessor trialled both. Compared against the same age threshold, but it does not change the result: the first single-leg stance in the clip is the one graded (the recording guide asks for the dominant leg first, and the analyzer cannot see dominance), so a client assessed on both legs stays comparable with one assessed on one leg alone. Timed from the two ankles, from when the feet settle until a foot leaves its spot; the standing leg is the one whose foot stays down.

balance_single_leg_other_stance_side — Standing Leg (Other Trial)

Which leg stood during the optional second trial, read from which foot's ankle point lifted off the floor. Always the opposite of the graded one — a second stance on the same leg is a repeat attempt rather than the other leg.

balance_single_leg_stance_confidence — Standing Leg Confidence

How sure the detection of the standing leg was. Low usually means the video tracking swapped the two ankles for part of the clip; check the standing leg against the video before comparing trials. High when at least 9 in 10 of the frames where one ankle point sat clearly above the other named this leg, low from 6 in 10 (below that no leg is reported); "Declared" when the coach chose the leg on upload or a re-run.

balance_single_leg_stance_side — Standing Leg

Which leg took the weight during the single-leg stance, read from which foot left the ground rather than assumed from the protocol: the foot whose ankle point rises clearly above the other and stays up is the free one, and the opposite leg is the standing one. In the Single-Leg Stand a leg the coach declared on upload or on a re-run is used instead of the detection.

balance_stage_note — Stage Note

Plain-words reason the stage sequence is not fully trusted — fewer than four stances timed, a stance between two timed ones that went untimed, or a hold still running when the recording stopped. Shown only alongside a low sequence confidence, so a missing hold time says why. The stances are found from the two ankles: each is a span where both feet stay where they were placed.

balance_stage_sequence_confidence — Stage Sequence Confidence

Whether the four hold times can be trusted as the protocol's four stances. High only when all four were timed, none was still running as the recording stopped, and no stance between two timed ones went untimed; otherwise low. Stances are spans where both ankle points stay put; the three two-footed ones are named by their order in the clip, because a front camera cannot see foot depth.

balance_stages_completed — Stages Completed

How many of the four stances were held for the full 10 seconds. The protocol advances only after a clean hold, so this is how far through the progression the client got. Each hold is timed from the two ankles, from when the feet settle until a foot moves off its spot; one within 0.8 s of the cap counts as complete, since timing opens only once the feet have settled.

balance_stages_detected — Stances Timed

How many of the four graded stances could be timed at all, held or not — a stance being a span where both ankle points stay put; the optional other-leg trial is not counted. A coverage read rather than a performance one: fewer than four can mean the client stopped, the stages were filmed as separate clips, or the feet left the frame.

balance_stance_knee_valgus_peak — Stance Knee Valgus (FPPA)

How far the standing knee sat inside the hip-to-ankle line during the hold. Shown for information only; it does not count toward the score until its range is set from our own data. The angle at the knee between the hip-to-knee and knee-to-ankle lines from a front or back camera, positive = inward: the most inward half-second over the middle 60 % of the hold, averaged — no two-footed reference needed, as a tilted camera turns the whole leg.

balance_tandem_hold_s — Tandem Hold

Seconds the client held the third stance — heel directly in front of the opposite toe, both feet on one line — up to the 10-second cap. The base narrows to a line here, where the fall-off usually first shows; under 3 seconds carries the high-risk association. Timed on the video clock from both ankle points settling until a foot moves off its spot, on the third two-footed stance; within 0.8 s of the cap counts as 10.

balance_trunk_compensation — Trunk Compensation

Which way the trunk gave when it leaned past ±5°: toward the lifted leg, over the standing leg, or over the standing leg with a level pelvis — the pattern where the trunk hides weak hip muscles. Decided from the trunk lean reading (the shoulder tilt when the trunk could not be read): past +5° is toward the lifted leg; past −5° is over the standing leg, or the hidden-weakness pattern when the pelvic drop is 2° or less.

balance_trunk_lean_peak — Trunk Lateral Lean (Single-Leg)

Sideways lean of the trunk during the hold, relative to the athlete's two-footed stance. Positive: toward the lifted leg; negative: over the standing leg, which takes load off weak hip muscles. Past ±5° counts against the score either way. The sideways angle from vertical of the hip-midpoint-to-shoulder-midpoint line, front or back camera, minus its two-footed median; the card is the worst half-second either way over the middle 60 % of the hold, averaged.

balance_trunk_sway_peak_cm — Trunk Sway (Peak)

Largest sideways offset of the shoulder line over the hip line while the client held a stance, in cm. No reference band on purpose: a trunk-over-pelvis proxy, not centre of pressure or mass, whose published thresholds need a force plate — read it as a trend across sessions. Measured as the horizontal gap between the shoulder midpoint and the hip midpoint over the middle 60 % of each held stance, scaled by the client's height. When no stance could be timed, it is read over the whole clip instead, transitions included.

balance_trunk_sway_stability_cm — Trunk Sway Steadiness

How much that sideways trunk offset varied across the held stances: the standard deviation, in cm, of the gap between the shoulder midpoint and the hip midpoint over the middle 60 % of each stance (over the whole clip, transitions included, when no stance could be timed). Where the peak catches a single correction, this catches continuous wobble. No reference band; read it as a trend across sessions.

ball_parallel_at_plant — Ball Parallel at Plant

Where your bowling forearm points when your sliding foot lands — the key sign of swing timing. At that moment it should be roughly parallel to the lane (0°). Measured as the angle of your bowling elbow-to-wrist line against horizontal, on the frame your last step lands — when your sliding heel reaches furthest ahead of your hips. Positive means the ball is still high (late); negative means it dropped early. Side view.

ball_release_angle — Ball Release Angle

The angle of the ball's first flight against horizontal, as seen from the side: positive means it leaves rising, negative dropping. A lower angle goes with a flatter, faster snap.

ball_release_height — Ball Release Height

How high the centre of the ball is above the ground as it leaves the hands. A lower release goes with a flatter, faster snap.

ball_speed_at_release — Ball Speed at Release

How fast the ball leaves the hands, from its first few frames of flight, in metres per second of real time. Measured across the camera's view, so a ball that also travels toward or away from the camera reads a little slow.

bar_break_off_acceleration — Break-off Acceleration

Peak upward bar acceleration in the first ~0.1 s after the bar leaves the floor on a dead lift. A sharp spike means the slack was yanked rather than taken out. Side camera only; no green zone yet. Read as the largest rise in upward bar speed over any ~0.07 s step within that window (at least 3 frames) from the detected break-off; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked, scaled from the athlete's height.

bar_lateral_drift — Bar Lateral Drift

Frame-by-frame sideways offset of the bar from where it sat at the setup, in cm (front or back camera). Positive = the bar moved toward the right side of the image. The bar is the midpoint of the two wrists; the reference is its median position from the break-off until the bar passes the knees, and pixels are scaled to cm from the athlete's height.

bar_lateral_drift_peak — Bar Lateral Drift

Largest sideways shift of the bar from its setup position during the pull, in cm (front or back camera). A clean pull stays within ~5 cm of its start line; more drift signals a sideways hip shift, often a weak hip abductor on the loaded side. The bar is the midpoint of the two wrists; the peak is the largest offset from its median setup position between the break-off and the catch.

bar_off_floor_velocity — Bar Off-Floor Velocity

Average upward bar speed in the first ~0.4 s after the bar breaks the floor on a dead lift, in m/s. No green zone and not scored — it depends on the load, so compare it with the same athlete at a similar weight. Averaged from the detected break-off; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked, scaled to m/s from the athlete's height.

bar_over_midfoot_catch — Bar Over Midfoot (Catch)

Where the bar sits over the foot with the bar caught overhead in the snatch, in cm: positive = in front of the middle of the foot, negative = behind it. A bar over the midfoot is the balanced receive. Side camera only; no green zone yet. Measured on the camera-facing side as the horizontal distance from the midpoint of ankle and toe to the wrist holding the bar, the median over about 0.07 s either side of the frame the bar is fixed overhead, scaled to cm from the athlete's height.

bar_past_the_knee_acceleration — Bar Past-Knee Acceleration

Vertical bar acceleration at the knee crossing. A teaching read with no green zone and not scored: even skilled lifters often carry near-zero or briefly negative acceleration through the transition. Measured as the change in upward bar speed across about ±0.07 s (within the rep) around the frame the bar crosses knee height; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked.

bar_past_the_knee_confidence — Bar Past-Knee Confidence

High / low reliability flag for the bar-past-knee readings. Low means the moment the bar crosses knee height could not be pinned in this clip, or the bar track around that moment was mostly filled-in gaps — the bar-past-knee speed and acceleration are then not shown.

bar_past_the_knee_speed — Bar Past-Knee Speed

Vertical bar speed at the instant the bar passes knee height. The card's green zone checks the first pull is in the usual window and is not scored — it is not a target to beat: a first pull that is too fast usually costs position. Averaged over about ±0.07 s (within the rep) around the frame the bar crosses knee height; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked, scaled to m/s from the athlete's height.

bar_path_deviation — Bar Path Deviation

How far the bar wanders horizontally from a straight vertical line during the lift, in cm — lower is straighter (0–5 cm target; 0–4 cm on the dead lift). Side camera; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked. The value is its average horizontal distance from its own median line across the rep, from the break-off to the bottom of the receive (dead lift: back to the floor).

bar_path_forward_of_start — Bar Forward of Start Line

The farthest the bar goes in front of the vertical line through where it left the floor, in cm (0 = it never crossed it). Side camera only. Measured on the smoothed bar track (plate centre, or wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked) along the horizontal toward the hips, scaled to cm from the athlete's height: its largest offset away from the lifter relative to its position at the break-off, from the break-off to the catch.

bar_path_loop — Bar Path Forward Loop

How far the bar swings away from the lifter after hip contact — from where it was at hip contact to its most forward point before the catch — in cm. A small loop is normal; a large one usually means the hips drove the bar out. Side camera only. Measured on the smoothed bar track (plate centre, or wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked) along the horizontal toward the hips, scaled to cm from the athlete's height: the gap between the bar at hip height and its most forward point up to the catch.

bar_path_return — Bar Path Return

How far the bar comes back toward the lifter in the turnover, from its most forward point to where it is at the catch, in cm. Side camera only. Measured on the smoothed bar track (plate centre, or wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked) along the horizontal toward the hips, scaled to cm from the athlete's height: from its most forward point after hip height to where it sits at the catch frame.

bar_path_toward_body — Bar Path Toward Body

How far the bar comes toward the lifter in the first pull, measured from where it was when it left the floor, up to hip contact, in cm. Side camera only; no green zone yet. Measured on the smoothed bar track (plate centre, or wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked) along the horizontal toward the hips, scaled to cm from the athlete's height: its largest travel toward the lifter between the break-off and the frame it reaches hip height.

bar_peak_power — Peak Power

Highest power delivered to the bar from the end of the first pull to its highest point, in watts; track it session over session at a known mass, not between athletes or loads. Per frame: declared bar mass × (bar acceleration + gravity) × upward bar speed; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked. The line under the value is the same peak per kg of the athlete and the bar load, shown when the athlete's weight is in the profile; compare with the same athlete and lift at a load within about 5 %.

bar_peak_power_confidence — Peak Power Confidence

High / low reliability flag for Peak Power. Low when the bar tracking from the bar passing the knees to its highest point was mostly filled-in gaps, when the acceleration behind the reading is impossible for a lift, or when the bar was tracked from the wrists rather than the plate (any front-camera session). The value is still shown — treat it as a "check the clip" signal.

bar_power — Power Output

Mechanical power delivered to the bar through the lift, in watts: the declared bar mass × (bar acceleration + gravity) × upward bar speed, frame by frame, while the bar is in the athlete's hands. Clipped at zero — the trace reads what the athlete puts INTO the bar, so the lowering half sits at zero rather than going negative. The bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked.

bar_tilt — Bar Tilt

Frame-by-frame angle of the bar from horizontal, in degrees (front or back camera). Positive = the athlete's left hand is higher, negative = the right hand is higher. The bar is taken as the line between the two wrists.

bar_tilt_peak — Bar Tilt

Largest angle of the bar off horizontal during the pull (front or back camera); up to ~7° is the target. More tilt signals one side pulling harder than the other — asymmetric hip extension or upper-back timing — so the athlete fights the plate rather than driving straight up. The bar is the line between the two wrists; the peak is taken from the break-off to the catch.

bar_trajectory — Bar Trajectory

2D path of the bar through the lift, in cm. y is the height above the bar's lowest point in the clip; x is the sideways offset — from the bar's median line on a side camera, from its setup position on a front camera. A clean Olympic pull traces a soft J; a dead lift stays close to a vertical line. The bar is the plate centre on a side camera (wrist midpoint when untracked) and the wrist midpoint on a front camera.

bat_speed_confidence — Hand Speed Confidence

'High' / 'Low' flag for the hand-speed read. 'Low' when the bat-hand wrist's speed at the detected contact frame is below 2.5 m/s — slower than any real swing, so the contact frame was likely mis-detected, the wrist was hidden, or no full swing was captured. Treat hand speed (and the bat-speed estimate) as unreliable when it reads 'Low'.

bat_speed_est — Bat Speed (Est.)

Estimated speed of the bat's sweet spot at contact — the camera does not see the bat. Contact is the frame of peak bat-hand wrist speed; that speed is scaled up by the lever from the wrist to the sweet spot (bat length on file minus ~28 cm of grip, relative to the shoulder-to-wrist distance) and a calibrated whip factor. Accurate as a session average, less so per swing. Green 58–78 mph; 75+ is elite.

bat_speed_est_confidence — Bat Speed (Est.) Confidence

Reliability (high / low) of Bat Speed (Est.). High needs both a clear swing — the hitting wrist point moving at least 2.5 m/s at contact — and a bat length entered for the session. Low when the hand-speed read is too slow to trust or no bat length was given, because the estimate then falls back to a default bat and can be well off.

bat_speed_proxy — Hand Speed (Proxy)

Hand speed at contact — the coaching 'hand speed', NOT bat-head speed (the bat isn't tracked, and the wrist moves much slower than the barrel). Contact is the frame of peak bat-hand wrist speed; the value is that wrist's linear speed there, converted to m/s using the athlete's height. Typical clean swings read 4–15 m/s.

bat_swing_path — Bat Swing Path

2D path of the bat-hand wrist through the swing — the stand-in for the bat head, which isn't tracked. Traced frame by frame around contact (the frame of peak wrist speed) and drawn in cm from the athlete's height. Read the arc's depth and where it flattens: a long, flat stretch through contact is the swing plane matching the ball, while a tight loop that changes direction late is a hitch that costs bat speed.

bench_bar_horizontal_travel — Bar Drift to Lockout

How far the bar moves toward the head on the bench press between leaving the chest and lockout, in cm — the J of the bar path, the median of the set's reps. The green zone is 0–15 cm back over the shoulders; a negative value means the bar travelled toward the feet.

bench_bar_rom — Bar Range of Motion

Vertical bar travel on the bench press from the chest to the top of the press, in cm — the median of the set's reps. It follows arm length and arch, so there is no green zone: compare it with the same athlete. The bar is the plate centre on a side camera, or the wrist nearer the camera when no plate is tracked; cm come from the athlete's leg length (taken from their height) or from the plate's size, whichever gives the larger scale.

bench_concentric_time — Pressing Time

Time on the bench press from the bar leaving the chest to lockout, in seconds — the median of the set's reps.

bench_eccentric_time — Lowering Time

Time on the bench press from the bar leaving the top to touching the chest, in seconds — the median of the set's reps.

bench_mean_concentric_velocity — Mean Concentric Velocity

Average upward bar speed on the bench press from the bar leaving the chest to lockout, in m/s — the median of the set's reps. It falls as the load rises (about 1.0 m/s at 40 % of a one-rep max, 0.15–0.2 m/s at a max), so there is no green zone: compare it with the same athlete at the same weight.

bench_pause_time — Pause on the Chest

Time the bar rests on the chest before the press, in seconds — the median of the set's reps. Near zero is a touch-and-go rep; a competition pause is about 0.5–1 s.

bench_peak_concentric_velocity — Peak Concentric Velocity

Highest upward bar speed during the bench press, in m/s — the median of the set's reps. It depends on the load like the mean concentric velocity, so there is no green zone; stretches where the bar track was filled in are skipped.

bench_touch_point — Touch Point

Where the bar meets the chest on the bench press, in cm measured horizontally from the shoulder joint toward the feet — the median of the set's reps. Most lifters touch a few cm to about 15 cm below the shoulder, on the lower chest; it follows grip width and arch, so there is no green zone.

bench_velocity_loss — Velocity Loss

How much slower the last bench-press rep of the set was than its fastest, by mean concentric velocity, in %. Up to about 20 % keeps a set strength-focused; 40 % or more is close to failure. Needs at least two reps, and counts only the reps measured with confidence: a last rep flagged as unreliable is left out.

body_line_pass — Body-Line Pass

Does the body hold a straight line? 1.0 = straight throughout, closer to 0 = the line breaks down. Plank (side view): the share of hold frames where the camera-facing shoulder–hip–ankle line bends less than 10° at the hip. Side Plank: the share of measured hold frames where the hip-sag angle — at the shoulder midpoint, between the lines to the hip and ankle midpoints — stays within ±5°.

bout_distance — Distance

The gap between the two fencers' front feet along the strip, over the touch. Read from both fencers' ankles, heels and toes, projected onto the floor of the strip the coach marked, so it is in metres of the strip.

bout_distance_at_attack_m — Distance at the Attack

The gap between the two fencers' front feet along the strip at the moment the first arm of the final exchange began extending. Measured from the ankles, heels and toes on the marked strip.

bout_extension_before_lamp_ms — Our Extension Before the Lamp

How long before the lamp our fencer's final arm extension began: where the hand furthest ahead started its last push forward of at least a quarter of an arm.

bout_extension_lead_ms — Extension Lead

How much earlier the first fencer's final arm extension began than the other's, from the shoulder, elbow and wrist of each weapon arm. Foil and sabre only.

bout_first_to_close — First to Close

Who made the first closing move of the touch: the gap between the front feet shrinking by half a metre from its last high. The fencer whose own feet covered clearly more of that half metre closed it; when both moved about as much, it reads unclear.

bout_first_to_extend — First to Extend

Who began the final arm extension first: where the hand furthest ahead started its last push forward before the lamp, measured against each fencer's arm length, whichever arm carries the weapon. A cue for right of way, not a verdict — the referee also weighs the threat of the point, parries and pauses. Foil and sabre only; unclear when the two starts are within 50 ms or one was not read.

bout_opponent_extension_before_lamp_ms — Opponent's Extension Before the Lamp

How long before the lamp the opponent's final arm extension began: where the hand furthest ahead started its last push forward of at least a quarter of an arm.

bout_strip_position_m — Strip Position at the Touch

Where our front foot was along the strip when the lamp came on, in metres past the centre line towards the opponent's end. Negative means still in our own half. Read from the ankle, heel and toe on the marked strip.

bowling_arm_speed — Bowling-Arm Speed (Proxy)

ESTIMATE — speed of the bowling hand at release, a proxy for how fast the arm whips over (the ball is not tracked). Release is the frame of peak bowling-wrist speed in the back part of the clip; the value is that wrist's linear speed there, converted to m/s using the athlete's height. The wrist is much slower than the ball, so track it across your own deliveries; no green zone yet.

braking_impulse — Braking Impulse

Momentum the athlete brakes during the eccentric phase (N·s). Higher = more force absorbed in loading, setting up a stronger stretch-shortening response. Body mass × the downward speed of the whole-body centre of mass (segment-weighted from the tracked body points) at the start of braking — its peak descent speed on a countermovement jump, its speed at floor contact on a drop jump — i.e. the impulse needed to stop that descent.

braking_impulse_duration — Braking Impulse Duration

Time spent braking the descent. Shorter = sharper eccentric loading, more reactive athlete. From the start of braking — the centre of mass's peak downward speed on a countermovement jump, first floor contact (ankle and toe points at floor level) on a drop jump — to the lowest mid-hip point, where vertical velocity reverses.

braking_phase_duration — Braking Phase

Duration of the eccentric braking window on the single-leg drop jump. Shorter braking with high force = efficient elastic storage; above 130 ms reads as a slow, collapsing landing. From one frame after the centre of mass reaches its peak downward speed after touchdown to the lowest mid-hip point, where the body stops descending.

butterfly_symmetry_pct — Butterfly Symmetry

Left–right difference in how far the knees fall open in the Butterfly Stretch, as a percentage — lower is more even; over 15 % flags a one-sided hip or adductor restriction. Each side's opening is the widest outward angle of the thigh (hip to knee point) from vertical over the clip, from the front camera; the gap is |L − R| divided by their mean.

cadence — Cadence

Steps per minute, counting either foot. Foot strikes are detected from the heel and first-toe points moving relative to the hip; the step period is a robust median of the strike-to-strike intervals (only intervals on well-tracked frames count), converted to steps per minute. The card's green zone, set separately for running and walking, is the target.

cadence_stability — Cadence Stability

How even the pedalling rhythm is — the coefficient of variation of pedal-revolution durations. Over 6 % flags pacing instability. Each revolution runs from one lowest point of the camera-side ankle to the next (the bottom of the stroke), found from the ankle's vertical oscillation; the value is the standard deviation of those durations divided by their mean.

chin_angle — Chin Angle

Signed head carry relative to the trunk line: positive = eyes up off the forward-leaning trunk (safe, aware); ~0° = head continuing the trunk line — the axially-stacked "duck" ("Heads Up — Don't Duck"); negative = chin flexed past it. Higher = safer. Measured each frame as the angle between the hip-to-shoulder line and the shoulder-to-ear line, both sides averaged, then over steady skating. Informational; omitted when the helmet hides the ear.

clean_time — Clean Time

Clean part of a clean & jerk: from the bar leaving the floor to the catch on the shoulders, in seconds. The settle pause before the jerk dip is not counted. Both moments come from the bar track — the break-off is the bar's first sustained rise, the catch the frame it has peaked and landed on the athlete; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked.

cmas_risk — CMAS Risk

Injury-risk band from the automated CMAS screen of the cut: low below 40 %, moderate 40–59 %, high at 60 % or more of the measurable frontal-plane risk criteria triggered (knee valgus, hip adduction, pelvic drop, trunk sway, wide foot plant). Read on a front or back camera around the plant; needs at least three criteria to be measurable.

cmas_score — CMAS

Automated Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS): the share of frontal-plane risk criteria the cut triggers, 0–100 %, higher = riskier mechanics. Read within ±0.15 s of the plant on a front or back camera: worse-leg knee angled over 8° inward or outward (hip–knee–ankle line), worse-leg thigh angled over 15° inward or outward (hip adduction or abduction), pelvic drop over 6° (line between the hip points), trunk sway over 6 cm (shoulders vs hips) and ankles more than 40 cm apart.

cmj_validity — Trial Validity

Trial-validity check for the Countermovement Jump. The badge lights up when no unweighting dip is found: in the 1.5 s before take-off the centre of mass never moves down faster than 0.1 m/s, or the mid-hip drops less than 8 cm from standing. The clip then looks like a squat jump — depth, stiffness, braking impulse, eccentric power and mRSI are hidden and a re-run as Squat Jump is advised. The score is still computed.

cod_time — Change-of-Direction Time

Elapsed time across the cut — sprint approach, plant and exit. Lower is faster. Timed on the hips' speed: from the frame where it first rises above a quarter of the athlete's peak speed to the frame where it last falls back below it (on a front or back camera, speed comes from how fast the body grows in frame plus sideways hip motion). Provisional band, pending a validated zone on real cut footage.

cod_time_confidence — COD Time Confidence

Whether the change-of-direction time could be timed. High = the cut was bracketed — the start of the approach and the end of the exit were found from the sideways travel of the hip midpoint — so the time is the frames between them. Low = no clean bracket was found and the time is left out rather than guessed; read it as a detection problem, not a slow cut.

com_lateral_displacement — CoM Lateral Displacement

Peak lateral centre-of-mass shift through the stroke, as a percentage of standing height; positive toward the stroke side. Read from the midpoint of the two hip points — its furthest sideways departure from where it was at the start of the backswing, up to the follow-through, with the stroke side taken from the shoulder points. The frontal counterpart to weight transfer; needs the athlete's height.

com_velocity_at_plant — COM Velocity at Plant

Forward speed of the body's centre of mass at the plant — the slowest moment of the cut, which equals Min forward hip velocity (the plant is found from the hip speed; no foot is read). Provisional band; kept out of the technique score. The centre of mass is approximated by the midpoint of the two hip points; its horizontal speed is read at the plant frame and scaled to m/s from the athlete's height.

Bowling (CoM Velocity at Plant): How fast your body is moving forward at the moment your sliding foot lands: the forward speed of the midpoint between your hips over the last ~33 ms before that landing, converted to m/s using your height. Shown for context — no target is set for it yet.

com_vertical_displacement — COM Vertical Displacement

How high the hips rise during the flights — the vertical share of the effort. Context only, no target band: distance, not height, is the goal of the hops. The largest rise of the mid-hip (midpoint of the two hip points) above its take-off height across the three hop flights, side view.

com_vertical_stiffness — Vertical Stiffness

Stiffness of the centre-of-mass bounce — peak vertical force divided by how far the centre of mass dips during contact, from the Morin (2005) spring-mass model using body mass, contact time and flight time (detected at the heel and first-toe points). Shown only when the athlete's weight is on file. Rises strongly with speed (~23–64 kN/m). Beta: the magnitude is model-derived, pending biomechanical validation.

com_vertical_stiffness_confidence — Vertical Stiffness Confidence

Whether the vertical stiffness was estimated inside the speed range its method (Morin 2005) was validated over, 2.5–7.0 m/s. It compares the run's measured speed — the mid-hip travelling over the planted foot during each stance — with that range: "High" inside it, "Low" slower or faster, in which case the value is still shown but is indicative only. Omitted with its card when no weight is on file.

concentric_impulse — Concentric Impulse

Net force built up over the push-off, scaled to body weight (BW·s) — the drive that produces the hop. More sensitive to a lingering deficit after knee surgery than peak force alone. The area of estimated ground force above body weight — from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass — over the push-off, ending when the stance foot leaves the floor. Band provisional; compare sides and sessions first.

concentric_mean_power — Concentric Mean Power

Mean mechanical power across the concentric (propulsion) phase — the average power while the athlete extends to take off. Bridges peak power and impulse: a high peak with a low mean means power decays mid-push. The mean of positive force × velocity, from the lowest mid-hip point (on a squat jump, the onset of upward movement) to take-off, both read off the whole-body centre of mass.

contact_angle — Contact angle

Inclination of the hip→heel line from vertical at foot-strike, averaged over every strike of either foot (re-referenced to the belt on an inclined treadmill). A small angle means the foot lands under the body; a large one signals overstriding (heel ahead of the hip), which adds braking and tibial load.

contact_extension — Contact Extension

Bend of the hitting elbow at contact, in degrees of bend (0° = fully straight). Less bend = fuller extension and more reach. Measured at the elbow point, between the lines to the shoulder and wrist points on the contact frame, and shown as 180° minus that angle.

contact_extension_sd — Contact Extension Consistency

Spread (standard deviation) of the elbow bend at contact across the strokes in a clip, in degrees, side view; lower = more repeatable. Measures consistency on a drill of one shot, not on a clip of mixed shots. Needs three strokes or more.

contact_height — Contact Height

Height of the strike point at contact, read per stroke. Tennis serve: the detected ball's height above the floor (ankle level) from the ball tracker — omitted when the ball isn't seen at the racket. Tennis groundstrokes, volleys and smashes: hitting-wrist height above the hip midpoint. Padel serve: wrist height relative to the hip line, signed — negative = below the hip, the legal underhand serve. Padel forehand and backhand: wrist height above the hip midpoint, floored at 0, so a stroke struck below the hip reads 0 cm. Badminton: wrist height above the floor. Pickleball: wrist height above the hip midpoint, signed — negative = below the hip, as on a drop or a dink.

contact_height_confidence — Contact Height Confidence

Whether serve contact height could be measured at all, from the ball and racket detector. "High" = the detected ball met the detected racket on the contact frame and its height was read directly; "Low" = no confirmed ball-racket impact, so contact height is omitted rather than estimated. Read "Low" as "we couldn't see the ball", not as a fault in the serve — the score drops the term instead of penalising it.

contact_height_sd — Contact Height Consistency

Spread (standard deviation) of the contact height across the strokes in a clip, in cm, side view; lower = more repeatable. Measures consistency on a drill of one shot — a clip that mixes high volleys and low drives reads the mix. Needs three strokes or more.

contact_time — Contact Time

Time the foot spends on the ground per contact, from landing to lift-off. In gait each stance runs from heel strike to toe-off of the same foot, detected from the heel and first-toe points and timed at 200 fps; stances cut off by the clip edges are dropped. On rebound jumps (drop jumps, hop-and-return, the triple hop's intermediate landings) it is landing to take-off. A countermovement jump has no landing before take-off, so there it is the time from the lowest point of the dip to take-off, read from the height of the hip midpoint. Shorter contact = a more elastic, reactive movement.

contact_time_asymmetry — Ground Contact Asymmetry

Left-vs-right ground-contact-time difference: |L − R| divided by the mean of the two legs' average stance times, as a percentage. Each leg's stance time comes from its own foot-contact detection (heel and first-toe points in gait). In gait it is withheld below five stances per side. Over ~10 % points to a one-sided limiter.

contralateral_pelvic_drop — Contralateral Pelvic Drop

How far the pelvis tilts at landing, front view. A large drop means the stance-side hip abductors (glute medius) are not holding the pelvis level — a known risk factor for knee (ACL) loading. Under about 8° is the low-risk zone; band provisional. The largest tilt from horizontal of the line joining the two hip points, from 0.1 s before to 0.2 s after touchdown (the final landing on the triple hop); either direction counts.

core_steadiness — Core Steadiness

Trunk steadiness for the Hollow Body Hold: 100 = perfectly still, lower = more wobble. Computed as 100 − 8 × the standard deviation, in degrees, of the trunk's tilt — the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint — over the middle 60 % of the clip, floored at 0.

countermovement_depth — Countermovement Depth

How far the athlete drops into the countermovement before pushing back up (cm). The drop of the mid-hip (midpoint of the two hip points) from the tallest standing position before the dip to its lowest point in the 1.5 s before take-off; hidden when the drop is under 8 cm, which reads as a squat jump.

cranio_vertebral_angle — Cranio-Vertebral Angle

Forward-head posture: how upright the head sits over the neck. About 90° = ear straight above the base of the neck; lower = head carried forward (50°+ good, 45–50° mild, under 45° marked forward head). Measured as the tilt from horizontal of the line from the base-of-neck vertebra (C7) to the camera-side ear — the shoulder stands in when the spine point is unavailable — averaged over the clip.

crank_ankle_trajectory — Crank Ankle Trajectory

Ankle path over one AVERAGED pedal revolution — not a live path, so it has no video overlay. The ankle rides the pedal, so the loop's size is just the crank circle; what differs rider to rider is its distortion: a heel dropped through the power phase and a toe pointed over the top flatten the oval. Camera-side ankle, each bottom-to-bottom revolution resampled to 32 points and averaged, in cm from the revolution's start.

cutting_angle — Cutting Angle

Whether the athlete completed a full reversal at the pivot. A side-on camera resolves motion along one axis only, so this is a completion check — 180° when the hips' net horizontal travel before and after the pivot runs in opposite directions — not a graded angle, and it does not count toward the session score. It is left out when no reversal is found.

cycle_detection_confidence — Cycle Detection Confidence

How far to trust the kick-cycle analysis. Kicks are peaks of the sound-side hip flexion; each cycle is graded by the lowest visibility of the shoulder, hip, knee and ankle points and by how many frames lacked a hip angle. Low = a point seen at under 0.3 visibility or over 20 % of a cycle missing (or no kicks found); high also needs 60 fps analysis, so medium is the usual best. The worst cycle sets it and scales the score (×1 / 0.8 / 0.5).

damping_time — Damping Time

Post-landing re-absorption window — how long the athlete takes to settle after touchdown. From the ankles reaching the floor to the moment the mid-hip has recovered after the deepest landing crouch. On the countermovement jump that is when it climbs back within 5 cm of the tallest stance it reaches afterwards; on drop jumps it is the onset of the standing plateau — the hip at least 3 cm above the bottom of the crouch and rising no more than 3 cm over the next ~0.2 s. Absent when the clip ends or the next jump starts first.

deceleration — Peak Deceleration

Braking intensity going into the turn — a proxy for braking strength; 3.5–9 m/s² is the target. It is the median size of the hips' horizontal acceleration within 0.15 s either side of the pivot (the median keeps single-frame pose noise out), taken from the smoothed hip-midpoint speed and capped at 10 m/s². Not reported when no direction reversal is found.

delivery_arm_path — Delivery Arm Path

2D path of the throwing wrist from stride through follow-through. The arm should sweep one continuous arc: a kink or a flat spot marks where the arm stopped leading the body, which is where velocity leaks and where the elbow takes the load instead. Traced frame by frame from the deepest drive-knee bend to where wrist speed drops below 30% of its release peak, in cm from the athlete's height.

delivery_stride_path — Bowling Arm Path

2D path of the bowling ARM through the delivery — despite the name it tracks the bowling wrist, not the stride. Traced frame by frame from just before back-foot contact to half a second after release, in cm from the athlete's height. Read it against the front-foot path: the arm should still be accelerating when the front foot has already braced.

depth_pass — Depth Pass

Share of the four key joints reaching depth in the Deep Squat Hold: 1.0 = both hips and both knees at 100° or less, 0.5 = two of four. Each joint's value is its median over the middle 60 % of the clip — the hip angle between the shoulder, hip and knee points, the knee angle between the hip, knee and ankle points.

descent_time — Descent Time

Time from the start of the eccentric (down) phase to the bottom of the squat — a slower descent shows better control; the card's green zone is the target. Timed on the smoothed height of the hip midpoint (between the left and right hip points) in the deepest rep: from the hip passing 5 % of the rep's hip travel below standing to the bottom of the squat, or to the start of the pause when the athlete pauses there. Under 0.2 s is dropped as a detection artefact.

desk_elbow_delta — Desk-Elbow Delta

Desk surface height relative to the seated elbow, in cm. Negative = desk below the elbow (forces a forward slouch and shoulder protraction); positive = desk above it (forces shoulder elevation / a shrug). Neutral within ±2 cm. The desk is estimated 3 cm below the wrists and compared with the camera-side elbow, both measured up from the ankles and scaled to cm from the hip–knee–ankle leg length and the athlete's height; averaged over the clip.

dip_depth — Jerk Dip Depth

How far the hips drop in the jerk dip before the drive, in cm (about 7–22 cm is the target). Measured on the midpoint of the two hip points, from its standing height in the second before the dip to its lowest point at the dip bottom, scaled to cm from the athlete's height.

distance — Distance

Total ground distance covered — the mean forward speed (the mid-hip travelling over the planted foot) multiplied by the time actually measured: from the first to the last clean foot strike, plus one step, so standing before or after the movement is not counted. Withheld with Speed on a low-confidence clip. On a timed walk it is the course length you measured. A session total; not part of the technique score.

distance_confidence — Distance Confidence

Whether the hop distances can be trusted. Each landing's distance combines the stance-foot first-toe point's travel across the frame with an estimated travel toward or away from the camera, read from the change in on-screen shoulder-to-ankle height. High = on every hop the across-frame part is at least the depth part; low = the hops ran mostly toward or away from the lens.

double_support_pct — Double Support (% cycle)

Share of the gait cycle with both feet on the ground (about 22% is typical) — the most stable moments of the step. Measured as the fraction of well-tracked time both feet are in contact at once, from heel and first-toe contact detection at 200 fps. It rises when a walker is unsure of their balance and naturally with age. Total of both transitions; the ms card shows one. No target zone.

double_support_time — Double Support

Time both feet are on the ground at once as weight passes from one foot to the other — the mean length of each two-feet-down overlap, from heel and first-toe contact detection timed at 200 fps. One transition, not the cycle total (see Double Support % cycle). Longer = a more cautious, less dynamic gait.

drive_velocity — Drive Velocity

Peak upward bar speed in the jerk drive, in m/s (about 1.5–2.7 is the target). Taken from the bottom of the dip to the overhead lockout (the bar's highest point), skipping stretches where the track was filled in; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked, scaled to m/s from the athlete's height.

drive_velocity_confidence — Drive Velocity Confidence

Whether Drive Velocity is a real read. Low when under half of the frames in the read window had the bar actually tracked (the peak would sit on filled-in gaps), or when the peak itself is above 3.5 m/s, faster than any lift moves a bar. The value still shows, but a low read is dropped from the technique score rather than graded.

drop_flight_time — Drop Flight Time

Free-fall time from the box-top release to first floor contact. A protocol control (box height is standardised at 30 cm), not a performance variable. It starts when the hip midpoint begins its free fall off the box (falling faster than about 0.25 m/s, with at least 5 cm of drop) — or, when that can't be pinned, and always on the Land and Hold test, at the last frame the stance-foot toe point is still at box-top height — and ends at the first frame the foot is back at floor level.

ear_wrist_angle_lowest_point — Ear-to-Wrist Angle (Lowest Point)

Seen from behind: the line from the ear to the wrist on your bowling side, against vertical, at the bottom of the swing. Close to vertical means the ball swings straight under your head, along the target line. Read from the bowling-side ear and wrist points, median over ±0.1 s around the swing's lowest point; positive = hand toward your midline. The good range is interim, set from one reference bowler and under review.

ear_wrist_angle_release — Ear-to-Wrist Angle (Release)

Seen from behind: the line from the ear to the wrist on your bowling side, against vertical, as you let go of the ball. Up to 15° with the hand toward the middle of your body is good; drifting away from the body is not. Read from your bowling-side ear and wrist, median over ±0.1 s around the release — the lowest point of your wrist's forward swing. The good range is interim, set from one reference bowler.

eccentric_duration — Eccentric Duration

Time from the first landing contact to the lowest point before the rebound. Short with high force = a well-developed, fast stretch-shortening cycle; long = a passive, slow absorption. From the stance ankle reaching floor level after the out-hop to the lowest mid-hip point of that ground contact.

eccentric_mean_power — Eccentric Mean Power

Mean mechanical power during the eccentric (loading) phase, the average of |force × velocity|. Countermovement jump: from the start of the dip to its lowest point (unweighting + braking); drop jump: from first floor contact to the lowest point. Force and velocity come from the whole-body centre of mass; the low point is the deepest mid-hip position. High = efficient elastic loading; low = a stiff or poorly loaded catch.

elbow_angle — Elbow Angle

Elbow bend on the camera-facing arm, averaged over the clip, in degrees of bend — 0° = straight arm. Around 60–90° is the neutral keyboard posture; a straighter or more acute elbow raises the RULA lower-arm load. Measured as 180° minus the angle at the elbow between the forearm (elbow to wrist) and the upper arm (elbow to shoulder).

elbow_angle_at_set — Elbow Angle at Set

The bend at the elbow in the set position, in degrees of bend: 0° is a fully straight arm, more means the elbow is bent before the snap starts. Read on the arm nearer the camera.

elbow_angle_min — Deepest Elbow Bend

The deepest elbow bend between the start of the movement and the release: how far the elbow bends as the ball is drawn back toward the body. In degrees of bend: 0° is a straight arm. Read on the arm nearer the camera.

elbow_extension_at_release — Elbow Angle at Release

The bend at the elbow at the release, in degrees of bend: 0° is a fully straight arm, more means the elbow is still bent. Read on the arm nearer the camera. The release is the last frame the hands touch the ball (or, when the ball is not tracked, the moment the hand nearer the camera passes behind the hips).

elbow_extension_velocity — Elbow Extension Velocity

Peak elbow-extension angular velocity through the forward swing — the dominant contributor to racket-head speed in both badminton strokes. It is the fastest frame-to-frame opening of the elbow angle (shoulder–elbow–wrist points) from the end of the backswing to impact. Resolving the peak needs ≥60 fps of ANALYSIS; below that the read carries a low-confidence flag.

elbow_extension_velocity_confidence — Elbow Extension Velocity Confidence

Whether the elbow-extension velocity read is trustworthy, set from the analysis frame rate alone: “High” at 60 fps and above, “Low” below, where the forward-swing peak is under-sampled — read the shape, not the exact number. This is the platform's analysis frame rate, not your camera's: badminton is analysed at up to 60 fps, so a clip filmed at 60 fps or faster reads “High”, and one filmed slower stays “Low”.

elbow_extension_velocity_peak — Peak Elbow Extension Speed

The fastest the elbow straightens between its deepest bend and the release, in degrees per second of real time. Read on the arm nearer the camera; shown only when the body is tracked steadily.

elbow_flexion_at_release — Elbow Flexion (Release)

Throwing-arm elbow bend at release, in degrees of bend; close to 0° = full extension. Release is the frame of peak throwing-wrist speed; the value is 180° minus the angle at the elbow between the upper arm (toward the shoulder) and the forearm (toward the wrist). No green zone yet.

elbow_leading_angle — Elbow-Leading Angle

How far the elbow precedes the wrist along the swing direction — the hallmark of efficient backhand technique. It is the peak, through the forward swing, of the angle between the forearm (elbow point → wrist point) and the wrist's overall direction of travel, minus 90°. Negative means the wrist overtook the elbow, the classic novice fault.

elbow_load_risk — Elbow Load Risk

Kinematic risk read for lateral epicondylitis (“tennis elbow”) from an abrupt follow-through. Graded by how quickly the arm brakes after impact — the time until the hitting wrist point's speed falls to a quarter of its peak: 120 ms or less = high, up to 200 ms = moderate, longer = low. A category, not a measured joint moment.

elbow_min_timing_pct — Timing of Deepest Elbow Bend

When the elbow is most bent, as a share of the time from the start of the movement to the release: 0 % is the start, 100 % the release. A later deepest bend has gone with a faster release in studies of long snappers.

elbow_set_angle — Elbow Set Angle

Shooting-arm elbow angle at the set point (ball cocked, before the upward drive). A consistent ~90° set is the coached reference for a repeatable shot pocket; green 60–100°. The set point is the shooting wrist's lowest position as the final rise into release begins (within ~1.2 s of release), so a ball picked up off the floor before the shot is not mistaken for it; the value is the angle at the elbow between the upper arm (toward the shoulder) and the forearm (toward the wrist).

elbow_shoulder_relative_height — Elbow–Shoulder Height

Signed vertical offset of the elbow relative to the shoulder at contact: the height difference between the hitting-side elbow and shoulder points on the contact frame, in cm. Positive = elbow at or above the shoulder (the overhead strike posture); negative = a dropped elbow.

elbow_swing_path — Elbow Swing Path

2D path of the hitting elbow point through the swing window, drawn under the wrist path. The two together are the kinetic chain: the elbow should lead and then stay inside the wrist's arc through contact. An elbow that travels with the wrist instead of ahead of it is an arm-only swing — no lag, no whip, and the racket speed has to come from the shoulder.

elevation — Elevation Change

Signed elevation change over the analysed clip on an inclined treadmill. Positive uphill (gain), negative on a decline (loss); shown only when the belt is inclined. A session total, not part of the technique score. The distance — the measured speed times the time from the first to the last foot strike — is multiplied by the sine of the incline entered at upload.

entry_speed — Entry Speed

Speed approaching the turning line; target 4.5–8.5 m/s. The 95th-percentile horizontal speed of the hip midpoint on the leg before the pivot (where the direction of travel reverses), smoothed, scaled to m/s from the athlete's height and capped at 12 m/s. Not reported when no reversal is found, e.g. on a 90° cut.

ergonomic_recommendation — Ergonomic Recommendation

Summary of the workstation check: how many targeted desk, chair or monitor adjustments are recommended, or "Setup within ergonomic range" when none. An adjustment is triggered by a forward head (cranio-vertebral angle under 50°), pronounced upper-back rounding (over 50°) or a desk more than 2 cm above or below the elbow — the same zone as the Desk-Elbow Delta tile; needs the athlete's height on the profile.

ergonomics_score_100 — Ergonomics Score

Overall posture-risk score, 0–100 (higher is safer): an equal blend of the REBA and RULA scores, each rescaled so the safest posture reads 100. 80+ = low risk, 60–80 = moderate, under 60 = high. Computed as the mean of 100 × (15 − REBA) / 14 and 100 × (7 − RULA) / 6; both scores come from the camera-side joint angles averaged over the clip.

exit_speed — Exit Speed

Speed leaving the turning line after the change of direction; target 4–8 m/s. The 95th-percentile horizontal speed of the hip midpoint on the leg after the pivot (where the direction of travel reverses), smoothed, scaled to m/s from the athlete's height and capped at 12 m/s. Not reported when no reversal is found, e.g. on a 90° cut.

extension_pass — Hip Extension Pass

Did the hips reach full extension in the Glute Bridge Hold? 1.0 = both hips within 15° of a straight 175°, 0.5 = one hip, 0 = neither. Each hip's value is the median angle between the shoulder, hip and knee points over the middle 60 % of the clip.

faber_knee_height_asymmetry_cm — FABER Knee Height Difference

Difference between the two knees' resting height when both sides were tested. The green range is provisional.

faber_thigh_angle_asymmetry_deg — FABER Thigh Angle Difference

Difference between the two thighs' angle from the table when both sides were tested. The green range is provisional.

ffc_velocity_delta — FFC Velocity Delta

Speed lost across the final foot contact — the plant's braking contribution: hip speed at the penultimate foot contact minus hip speed at the plant. Provisional band. Both are forward speeds of the hip midpoint; the plant is the slowest moment of the cut, the penultimate contact when the other foot last touched down before the plant foot did. Shown only when the penultimate contact is detected from the feet.

flexor_shortness_deg — Hip Flexor Shortness

Thomas Test deviation: how far the hip stays short of a straight line. 0 = full extension; the card's green zone is the target, and above it flags tight hip flexors. Computed as 180° minus the held hip angle of the tested (hanging) leg — the angle between the shoulder, hip and knee points, median over the middle 60 % of the clip (the other side if that hip can't be read). The angle is unsigned, so a thigh that drops below the table line also reads above 0 — check the video before calling a high value tight.

flight_time — Flight Time

Time spent airborne. In running it is each stretch with neither foot in contact, between one foot's toe-off and the other's heel strike, detected from the heel and first-toe points at 200 fps and averaged. In jumps it runs from take-off to landing, read from the ankle and toe height.

follow_through_amplitude — Follow-Through Amplitude

How far the swing keeps travelling after contact or release — the angular range covered in roughly the first second after it. Racket strokes read the line joining the two shoulder points; bowling reads the ball-arm shoulder angle (elbow–shoulder–hip points).

Bowling (Follow-Through Height): How high your bowling arm finishes after you let go of the ball: the largest angle at your bowling shoulder, between your upper arm and your side (elbow, shoulder, hip), in the 0.8 s after release. Lowering the arm afterwards does not change it. Not part of the technique score; the card is still coloured by its green zone.

Football: How far the kicking-side hip keeps flexing past its contact angle in the 0.6 s after contact: the hip angle at contact (knee–hip–shoulder points) minus the smallest hip angle in that window. The leg coming back down afterwards is not counted. Larger = a fuller follow-through; near zero = a checked finish, which is normal for a controlled pass.

follow_through_wrist_angle — Follow-Through Wrist Angle

Wrist position at the follow-through (the 'gooseneck' snap), which imparts backspin and a soft touch. Read when wrist speed first drops below 30% of its release speed, as the angle at the wrist between the forearm (toward the elbow) and the hand (toward the index finger; the pinky when the index is unavailable): 180° = hand in line with the forearm, smaller = more wrist flexion. Not scored yet; the card is coloured by its provisional green zone.

foot_pattern — Foot Pattern

Serve footwork: platform or pinpoint. Compares the horizontal gap between the two ankle points early and late in the 1.2 s before the trophy: pinpoint when the gap shrinks to under about half as the back foot slides up to the front foot, otherwise platform.

foot_pronation_landing — Rear-Foot Pronation (Landing)

Rear-foot pronation (+) or supination (−) during the landing absorption, back view only. Excess eversion is coupled to the shin turning inward and to knee valgus above it. The signed median, from touchdown to peak knee flexion, of the angle between the rear-foot line (ankle to heel) and the shin (ankle to knee); frames where the heel sits within 3 cm of the ankle are dropped. Zone-less.

foot_speed_at_contact — Foot Speed at Contact

ESTIMATE — kicking-foot speed at ball contact. The ball isn't tracked, so the foot is the proxy. Contact is the frame of peak kicking-foot speed in the later part of the clip; the value is the speed of the first-toe point there (ankle when the toe is hidden), converted to m/s using the athlete's height. The card's green zone, set separately for strikes and passes, is the target.

foot_strike_angle — Foot Strike Angle

The angle of the foot as it touches down, against the same foot flat on the ground: positive = toe up, heel lands first; negative = toe down, forefoot lands first. At every clean stance of both feet, the tilt of the heel→first-toe line at touchdown minus its tilt 100 ms later (ankle→toe if the heel is lost); the card is the median. 8° or more reads heel strike, −1.6° or less forefoot, between midfoot.

foot_swing_path — Foot Swing Path

2D path of the kicking foot through the strike. The approach arc and where the foot meets the ball set both power and direction — a foot swinging across the body sends the ball across it too. Traces the first-toe point (ankle when hidden) frame by frame from just before the backswing to 0.6 s after contact, in cm from the athlete's height. Read it against the plant-foot path.

football_view_confidence — View Confidence

How far to trust the at-contact numbers of the kick. High = ball contact was pinned clearly: the kicking foot (first-toe point, ankle as fallback) was tracked in at least half the frames and its speed at contact is at least 3× its typical speed through the clip. Low = no clear spike — common when the swing travels mostly toward or away from the camera — so the at-contact tiles are rough; the angle charts do not depend on it.

footstrike — Foot Strike Pattern

Where the foot first contacts the ground — heel, midfoot or forefoot. It is the class of the Foot Strike Angle: at every clean stance of both feet the heel→first-toe line at touchdown is compared with the same foot flat on the ground 100 ms later, and the median angle decides — 8° or more (toe up) reads heel, −1.6° or less (toe down) forefoot, anything between midfoot. A normal walk lands on the heel.

form_pass — Form Pass

Overall match to the hold's target shape: 1.0 = every checked joint on target. Wall Sit: the share of the two knees within 15° of 90° (hips are not checked). Chair Pose: the share of three checks — each knee within 20° of 100°, and the trunk leaning no more than 40° from vertical (within 20° of a 20° lean). Knee angle is between the hip, knee and ankle points, trunk lean the hip-to-shoulder midpoint line; median over the middle 60 % of the clip.

forward_shoulder_angle — Forward Shoulder Angle

Rounded shoulders: how far the shoulder is carried forward of the base of the neck. 0° = shoulder stacked under the neck; up to 25° is fine, 25–40° mildly rounded, beyond 40° pronounced protraction. Measured as the angle from vertical of the line from the base-of-neck vertebra (C7) to the camera-side shoulder, counting only a forward offset, averaged over the clip.

forward_swing_duration_ms — Forward-Swing Duration

Time from the start of the forward swing to contact, in ms, side or back view. The start is where the paddle wrist turns out of the backswing — its slowest moment before the hit, the same point where the Forward swing phase begins on the path — and contact is the frame of peak paddle-wrist speed. The spec's reference is about 400–500 ms; there is no published pickleball norm, so it has no green zone. Not shown when the clip has no clear backswing to time from. Below 60 frames per second it carries a caution: one frame is 8 % of it at 30 fps.

front_arm_extension — Front-Arm Extension

How straight the front (leading) arm is at contact on the drive — a proxy for a full, controlled extension through the ball, not a measured bat angle. Contact is the frame of peak bat-hand wrist speed; the value is the front elbow's bend, 180° minus its angle between the upper arm (toward the shoulder) and the forearm (toward the wrist): 0° = fully straight. Green 0–30° of bend.

front_foot_knee_flexion — Front-Foot Knee Flexion (Impact)

Front (landing) knee bend at release — how braced the front leg is as the ball leaves the hand. A near-straight braced leg (green 0–30° of bend) transfers run-up momentum into the ball; a collapsing knee loses pace and is an injury-risk pattern. Release is the frame of peak bowling-wrist speed; the value is 180° minus the front knee's angle between the thigh (toward the hip) and the shin (toward the ankle).

front_foot_landing_vs_rear_extension_ms — Landing vs Rear-Leg Extension

Time from the rear knee completing 90 % of its straightening (from its loaded angle before the launch) to the lead foot landing. Positive = the rear leg finished its drive before the front foot planted; negative = the foot landed while the rear leg was still straightening. Not shown when the rear knee straightens by less than 15°: there is no drive moment to time.

front_foot_lunge_depth — Front-Foot Lunge Depth

How far the batter strides forward into the drive — the 'get to the pitch of the ball' cue. Measured on the front knee: its horizontal distance at contact (the frame of peak bat-hand wrist speed) from where it sat in the first half-second of the clip, converted to cm using the athlete's height.

front_foot_trajectory — Front Toe Trajectory

Path of the lead foot's TOE (first-toe point) through the movement, in cm from where it started: x = travel along the frame, y = lift off the floor. A committed lunge or stride lands with the toe back near floor level; a short reach or a still-airborne finish signals incomplete commitment. In fencing x is measured relative to the hips (reach added to the stance) and is positive toward the target; in batting and pitching it is ground-referenced over the stroke or delivery, along the frame, with its sign set by the side the camera films from.

front_hip_peak_extension — Front Hip Peak Extension

Least front-hip bend during the strike — how open the lead hip gets, in degrees of bend (0° = hip in line with the trunk). Less bend (fuller extension) correlates with higher lunge velocity. 180° minus the largest angle at the front hip between the thigh (hip to knee) and the torso (hip to shoulder), taken from the lunge launch to the deepest front-knee bend after landing.

front_knee_angle — Front Knee Angle

Median front-knee bend held during the en-garde position, in degrees of bend (0° = straight). The card's green zone is the target. 180° minus the included angle at the lead knee between thigh (hip to knee) and shin (knee to ankle), median over the middle 60 % of the clip.

front_knee_min_at_strike — Front Knee Strike Flexion

How far the front knee bends at the strike — the bend the landing leg absorbs the attack at, in degrees of bend. 0° = fully straight leg. Too shallow means the weight never transferred onto the front leg; too deep means the knee travelled past the foot. Deepest hip–knee–ankle bend of the lead leg (180° minus the smallest angle) from the lunge launch to the deepest bend after landing. Beta: the green range is provisional.

front_knee_peak_extension — Front Knee Peak Extension

Front-knee bend where the leg is at its straightest during the lunge — on a committed attack that is in flight, before the foot lands. In degrees of bend: 0° = fully straight leg. Lower correlates with greater forward propulsive force. Least hip–knee–ankle bend of the lead leg (180° minus the largest angle, lightly smoothed) from the lunge launch to the deepest bend after landing.

front_knee_stability — Front Knee Stability

Std deviation of front-knee angle during the hold. Lower = steadier stance; the card's green zone is the target. Standard deviation of the lead leg's hip–knee–ankle angle over the middle 60 % of the clip.

frontal_lr_asymmetry — L/R Frontal Asymmetry

Left–right difference in the front-view read, as a percentage (|L − R| ÷ their mean). Squats: compares how far each knee sits inside its hip–ankle line (median over the middle of the clip) — beta, since two near-neutral values inflate the ratio, so it is for awareness and out of the score. Lateral and Cossack Squat: compares the two thighs' largest angle from vertical (hip to knee point); over 12 % flags a one-sided restriction.

grf — GRF

Estimated vertical ground reaction force through the clip, in multiples of body weight (×BW). Computed as 1 + a/g from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a segment-weighted average of the tracked body points), smoothed, set to zero while the feet are off the floor and capped at 6–8 ×BW. A kinematic estimate, not a force-plate reading.

hand_foot_start_delta_ms — Hand-Foot Start Delta

Offset between weapon-hand and lead-foot motion onsets. Positive = hand first (coached cue); negative = foot first (novice error). Within the second before the lunge launch, finds when the weapon-hand wrist and the lead ankle each last left stillness (horizontal speed above about 0.3 m/s); the value is the ankle's onset time minus the wrist's.

hand_speed_at_release — Hand Speed at Release

How fast the wrist nearer the camera moves at the release, in metres per second of real time, scaled from the athlete's leg length or height; without either it is not shown. Read from the wrist, it is a little below the speed of the hand itself. Below 120 frames per second it is marked as an estimate; a slow-motion video needs its rate chosen at upload, and it is not shown when the body is not tracked steadily.

handedness_confidence — Handedness Check

Whether the video matches the hand this session was submitted with. It reads Contradicted when, at the moment of the strike, the other arm is the one moving like the racket arm — clearly faster than the arm declared dominant, on the clip's strongest swings. Worth fixing before you read anything else, because the wrong hand does not blur the numbers, it moves them — the analysis looks for the strike on the tossing arm, so the phase strip lands on the wrong part of the clip and every arm angle comes off the wrong limb. On a side-view serve, when the video is unambiguous — the other wrist at least 1.5× faster at every strike, and the submitted hand's wrist clearly tracked — the serve is analysed on the hand the video shows and the note under “About this measurement” says so; a weaker contradiction is only flagged. Either way, set the correct hand in Reprocess so the record matches.

handedness_note — Handedness Note

Carries the caution shown over a serve whose declared hand the video contradicts. It appears only when the two disagree; the reading itself is Handedness Check.

head_over_front_knee — Head Over Front Knee

Balance at contact — whether the head sits over the front knee (over the ball), the textbook cover-drive position. Measured at contact (the frame of peak bat-hand wrist speed) as the horizontal distance between the midpoint of the eyes (the nose when the eyes are hidden) and the front knee, converted to cm using the athlete's height.

heel_trajectory — Heel Path

Path of the heel of the leg nearest the camera: x = distance ahead of the mid-hip, y = height above the floor (the lowest foot point over the past 1.2 s), in cm. One line per stride. Read the landing end — a heel touching down far ahead of the hips is over-striding, i.e. braking on every step — and the recovery height, how far the heel folds up toward the glute during swing.

hip_abduction_symmetry_pct — Hip Abduction Symmetry

Left–right difference in hip-abduction range, as a percentage (|L − R| ÷ their mean) — lower is more even; over 12 % flags a one-sided restriction. Each side's range is the widest outward angle of the thigh (hip to knee point) from vertical over the clip, from the front or back camera. Scored in the standing Hip Abduction test; beta in the squats, where one 2D camera distorts the angle in deep flexion, so there it is awareness only.

hip_adduction — Hip Adduction

Peak frontal-plane femur adduction (the dynamic Q-angle): the angle of the hip→knee line from vertical, highest reading per leg. The card is unsigned — it is the largest tilt either way, so a knee drifting outside the hip reads positive too; check the direction on the video. Sustained collapse toward the midline is linked to ITB syndrome, patellofemoral pain and ACL risk. From a 2-D front or back camera the reading also absorbs pelvic rotation, so the number is indicative rather than measured.

hip_adduction_landing — Hip Adduction (Landing)

Peak femur adduction as the landing starts. A proxy for gluteus medius control under impact — weak abductors let the femur fall inward toward the midline, loading the medial knee. Front/back view: the largest angle of the thigh line (hip point to knee point) from vertical in the first 0.1 s after touchdown; the stance leg on single-leg tests, each leg on two-leg jumps.

hip_adduction_peak_left — Hip Adduction L (Peak)

Largest sideways angle of the left thigh from vertical over the clip — the line from the hip to the knee point, from the front or back camera, taken as a magnitude. Squats: beta — at depth one 2D camera cannot separate true adduction from the thigh simply flexing toward it, so it is awareness only and out of the score. Lateral and Cossack Squat: the working hip's range, green 15–50°, higher = more range.

hip_adduction_peak_right — Hip Adduction R (Peak)

Largest sideways angle of the right thigh from vertical over the clip — the line from the hip to the knee point, from the front or back camera, taken as a magnitude. Squats: beta — at depth one 2D camera cannot separate true adduction from the thigh simply flexing toward it, so it is awareness only and out of the score. Lateral and Cossack Squat: the working hip's range, green 15–50°, higher = more range.

hip_angle — Hip Angle

Seated trunk-to-thigh angle on the camera-facing side, averaged over the clip — 90–110° is the optimal, slightly open seat; 110–135° is reclined, and under 90° the hip is closed into a hunch. Measured as the angle at the hip between the thigh (hip to knee) and the trunk (hip to shoulder).

hip_angle_at_release — Hip Angle at Release

The angle between the back and the thigh at the release: larger means the hips have opened further through the snap. Read on the leg nearer the camera. The release is the last frame the hands touch the ball (or, when the ball is not tracked, the moment the hand nearer the camera passes behind the hips).

hip_angle_at_set — Hip Angle at Set

The bend between the back and the thigh while the snapper is set over the ball, before anything moves, in degrees of bend: 0° is standing straight, more is more bent. Read from the side, on the leg nearer the camera; it mixes hip and lower-back bend.

hip_asymmetry — Hip Asymmetry

Left–right difference in hip flexion at the bottom of the overhead squat, as a percentage. Lower = more symmetric; over 8 % flags a one-sided restriction. Each side's flexion is 180° minus the angle between the shoulder, hip and knee points at the deepest frame (lowest hip midpoint); the gap is |L − R| divided by their mean.

hip_asymmetry_delta — Hip Asymmetry

Left/right hip-flexion difference at the bottom of the squat, in degrees (|L − R|); read alongside the per-side values. Lower = more symmetric; green ≤10°, amber to 20°. Each side's flexion is 180° minus the angle between the shoulder, hip and knee points, averaged over ±3 frames around the bottom of the deepest rep. Shown as a flag beside the technique score, not part of it.

hip_asymmetry_pct — Hip Asymmetry %

Average left–right hip imbalance across the clip, 0–100 %. Each frame the gap between the two hip angles — each the angle at the hip between the shoulder and knee points — is divided by a fixed 120° hip range; the number is the mean over frames where both sides are visible, and the chart shows every frame. Awareness only, out of the score.

hip_excursion_consistency — Hip-Excursion Consistency

How repeatable the hip's range of motion is from stride to stride. For each leg, the hip angle (shoulder–hip–knee points) is split into strides and its max − min taken per stride; the card is the coefficient of variation of those excursions (std ÷ mean × 100), averaged over both legs. Lower = more consistent skating mechanics. Informational: a side-view stand-in for hip stability, which properly needs a second camera.

hip_extension — Hip Extension

Signed hip angle through the walk on the leg nearest the camera: positive = thigh behind the line of the trunk (extension), negative = thigh swung forward (flexion), 0° = thigh and trunk in line. The size is how far the thigh (hip→knee) bends away from the trunk (hip→shoulder), 180° minus the knee–hip–shoulder angle; the sign is which side of the trunk line the thigh is on.

hip_extension_angle — Hip Extension

Hip bend at the top of the pull, in degrees of bend, measured so that 0° is a straight line and a hip extended past straight (the trunk slightly behind vertical, as skilled lifters finish) reads below 0° without penalty; more than 20° flags a cut-short pull. Read on the camera-facing side as 180° minus the angle between the thigh (hip to knee) and trunk (hip to shoulder) lines, at the most extended frame between the break-off and the bottom of the receive.

hip_extension_at_contact — Hip Extension at Contact

Kicking-side hip bend at ball contact, in degrees of bend — lower = fuller hip extension driving the kick. Contact is the frame of peak kicking-foot speed; the value is 180° minus the angle at the kicking-side hip between the trunk (toward the shoulder) and the thigh (toward the knee), 0° = hip in line with the trunk. Strike green 0–30°, pass 0–20°.

hip_extension_confidence — Hip Extension Confidence

Whether Hip Extension could be seen. It is read at the top of the pull, when the bar is at hip height and the near plate can cover the camera-side hip and knee; the tracker then guesses those joints bent and caps the angle short of a visible full extension. Low = the camera-side knee or hip point sits inside the tracked plate on that frame, or the angle reads above 200° — a lean-back far past what skilled lifters show, flagged for review; either way the value still shows but is dropped from the technique score.

hip_extension_lockout — Hip Lockout

Hip bend at the top of the dead lift, in degrees of bend (0° = straight); more than 15° flags a soft lockout (often called hitching / no-rep in competition). Measured on the camera-facing side as 180° minus the angle at the hip between the thigh (hip to knee) and the trunk (hip to shoulder), the median over ±0.15 s around the detected lockout.

hip_external_rotation_proxy — Hip ER (Proxy)

How far both knees fall open in the Butterfly Stretch — a front-camera proxy for hip external rotation, in degrees; 30–60° is green, higher = a looser hip and adductor chain. Each side's opening is the widest outward angle of the thigh (hip to knee point) from vertical over the clip; the number is the mean of the two sides.

hip_flexion_excursion — Hip Excursion (Landing)

How many degrees the hip travels between touchdown and the deepest point of the landing — read beside the knee and ankle excursions as the absorption strategy. Side view, camera-facing leg: the trunk-to-thigh angle (shoulder–hip–knee points) at touchdown minus the same angle at peak knee flexion; larger means more hip flexion through the catch.

hip_flexion_ic — Hip Flexion at Contact

Hip flexion as the foot touches down on the final landing, side view. More hip flexion means the glutes and hamstrings share the landing; a straight hip loads the quads and the knee. 180° minus the stance-side angle at the hip between the thigh (hip to knee) and the trunk (hip to shoulder), on the last frame before the foot lands (the last frame the stance ankle is still above floor level), so forward trunk lean counts toward it.

hip_flexion_rom_involved — Hip ROM (Involved)

How far the involved (affected or prosthetic-side) hip moves through each flutter kick, in degrees — the median over all detected kicks. The hip angle is taken between the thigh (hip to knee) and the trunk (hip to shoulder); each kick's range is its maximum minus its minimum, with kicks timed between successive peaks of the sound-side hip angle.

hip_flexion_rom_uninvolved — Hip ROM (Sound Side)

How far the sound (uninvolved) hip moves through each flutter kick, in degrees — the median over all detected kicks, and the reference side for the symmetry scores. The hip angle is taken between the thigh (hip to knee) and the trunk (hip to shoulder); each kick's range is its maximum minus its minimum, with kicks timed between successive peaks of the sound-side hip angle.

hip_flexion_sa_pct — Hip Symmetry Angle

Symmetry angle for the hip: the same left–right comparison as the Symmetry Index, but bounded to −100…+100% and stable when one side barely moves. 0% = symmetric, positive = the sound side moves more, negative = the involved side does; within ±10% is the target. Computed as (45° − arctan(involved ÷ sound)) × 100/90 from each side's median kick range of the hip angle (hip, knee and shoulder points).

hip_flexion_si_pct — Hip Symmetry Index

Symmetry index for the hip: how much more one side moves than the other, as a percentage of their average. 0% = symmetric, positive = the sound side moves more, negative = the involved side does; within ±10% is the target. Unstable when the involved side barely moves — use the Symmetry Angle then. Computed as (sound − involved) ÷ their mean × 100 from each side's median kick range of the hip angle (hip, knee and shoulder points).

hip_flexion_TDC — Hip Flexion (TDC)

Hip angle at the top of the pedal stroke (TDC), where the hip is most closed. Pairs with the knee angle at TDC for fit triangulation; 45–65° is typical, smaller = more closed. Median over detected pedal cycles of the angle at the hip between the thigh (hip to knee) and the torso (hip to shoulder) on the camera-side leg.

hip_flexion_TDC_amplitude — Hip Flexion Amplitude

Hip range of motion per pedal cycle — how much the hip angle opens from the top of the stroke to the bottom. Median over cycles of the difference between the hip angle at the top (TDC) and at the bottom (BDC), where the hip angle is the angle between the thigh (hip to knee) and the torso (hip to shoulder) on the camera-side leg.

hip_flexion_xcorr_lag_ms — Hip Timing Asymmetry

Timing offset between the two hips' kick motion, in milliseconds — independent of how far each side moves. Positive = the sound side leads (its peaks come first), negative = the involved side leads; near 0 = the legs move in sync. Found by sliding the involved hip-angle trace against the sound side's (hip, knee and shoulder points) and taking the shift with the highest correlation, searched within one kick cycle.

hip_internal_rotation_grade — Hip IR Grade

Screening grade (low / moderate / high) for the stance thigh turning inward on landing, front view. Hip rotation cannot be measured in degrees from one camera, so it is graded from the knee's frontal-plane projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) in the first 0.1 s after touchdown: up to 7° low, 7–15° moderate, above 15° high. It often comes with dynamic valgus; not a measured angle.

hip_intersection_angle — Hip intersection

The scissor angle between the two thighs — the angle between the left and right knee→hip lines, frame by frame through the run. It opens as one leg drives forward while the other trails and closes as the legs pass each other; its peaks show how far the legs split each stride.

hip_lead_time_ms — Hip Lead Time

How long the hips start rising before the hands start moving the ball, in real time. Positive means the hips lead; negative means the arms start first.

hip_load_angle — Hip Load Angle

Hip bend at the deepest point of the load — how much the athlete sits into the shot to recruit the lower body; green 35–80° of bend. The value is the deepest shooting-side hip bend within 0.4 s either side of the set point (the shooting wrist's lowest position as the final rise into release begins), 180° minus the angle between the trunk (toward the shoulder) and the thigh (toward the knee): larger = deeper sit.

hip_opening_at_backswing — Hip Opening (Backswing)

How far your hips turn open at the top of the backswing. Read from how much the gap between your two hips — taken relative to your torso length on the same frame — narrows from your stance to the top of the backswing, turned into an angle. From a back view its colour follows a 35–55° guide; from the side it is only an estimate. Not scored from either view.

hip_opening_confidence — Hip Opening Confidence

How reliably hip opening could be read from this camera angle: “high” from a back-view capture, which measures it directly; “low” from a side view, which can only estimate it from the foreshortened hip points.

hip_rom — Hip ROM

Hip range of motion over the movement, in degrees — how far the angle between the trunk and the thigh (shoulder, hip and knee points) opens and closes. One value, not per side. Informational: the expected range depends on the movement.

hip_rom_si_pct — Hip ROM Asymmetry

How closely the left and right hips match on range of motion. Each leg's hip ROM is the mean per-stride max − min of its shoulder–hip–knee angle over steady skating; the two are compared as |L − R| ÷ their mean × 100. A large gap can point to a strength imbalance or an old injury worth a closer look. Informational — a single side view cannot separate the two hips reliably.

hip_shoulder_asymmetry — Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry

Frame-by-frame left/right height imbalance of the pelvis or the shoulders, whichever is larger, as a percentage of torso length (front or back camera). Computed from the height gap between the two hip points and between the two shoulder points, divided by the vertical distance from mid-hip to mid-shoulder; frames where the torso is folded toward the camera are left out.

hip_shoulder_asymmetry_peak — Hip-Shoulder Asymmetry

Largest left/right height imbalance of the pelvis or shoulder girdle during the pull, normalised by torso length (front or back camera). Above ~7 % flags a lopsided, scoliotic pull pattern the athlete typically can't feel. Per frame, the larger of the hip-to-hip and shoulder-to-shoulder height gaps is divided by the mid-hip-to-mid-shoulder height; the peak is taken from the break-off to the catch.

hip_shoulder_asymmetry_peak_pct — Hip-Shoulder Drift

How far the hips or shoulders tip out of level during the Bird Dog, from the back camera; over 8 % means the spine drifted off-axis as stability failed. Each frame takes the larger height difference — left vs right hip point, or left vs right shoulder — as a percentage of the vertical distance between the shoulder midpoint and the hip midpoint; the number is the largest value over the clip.

hip_shoulder_separation — Hip-Shoulder Separation (Release)

Trunk coil at release — how far the shoulders are turned against the hips as the ball leaves the hand; more separation stores more elastic energy (green 30–55°). Release is the frame of peak bowling-wrist speed; the value is the angle between the line through both shoulders and the line through both hips on screen, 0–90°. A side-view proxy — true rotation is 3D.

hip_shoulder_separation_frontal — Hip-Shoulder Separation (Frontal)

Angle between the shoulder line and the hip line at contact, seen from a front or back camera — the frontal-plane complement to the side-view X-factor. Each line joins the left and right points; 0° = the lines are parallel, larger = more coil.

hip_symmetry — Hip Symmetry

How evenly the two hips held the position, as a percentage: 100 % = identical sides, under 85 % flags uneven loading worth investigating. Each side's value is its median hip angle over the middle 60 % of the hold — the angle at the hip between the shoulder and knee points — and the score is 100 − |L − R| ÷ their mean × 100.

hip_trajectory — Hip Trajectory

2D path of the mid-hip (midpoint of the two hip points) through the clip, in cm from where it started, with up positive. Direction and meaning depend on the exercise: for jumps, vertical rise plus any drift (sideways on a front view — an asymmetric push); for the 5-0-5 drill, the whole out → pivot → return loop; for lifts, strokes and throws, the body's drive and weight transfer.

Weightlifting: 2D path of the mid-hip (midpoint of the two hip points) through the clip, in cm, drawn on the same time base as the bar path. Up is height above the lowest hip position in the clip; sideways is measured from the hips' median position — over the whole clip on a side camera, over the rep's setup on a front camera. It shows the hips' drive and sweep under the bar: the bar looping out at the instant the hips sweep forward is the why behind a wide bar path.

Bowling: The path your hips draw through the approach and the release: the midpoint between your hips, from 1.5 s before release to 0.5 s after, in cm from where it started, up positive — your drive into the line, the dip of the slide, and whether you hold the finish. Side view.

hold_duration — Hold Duration

Time spent at the bottom of the squat before the ascent begins. Descriptive: a continuous squat with no pause reads 0 s, a deliberate pause reads its length. Not scored — no movement screen grades a bottom pause, and holding reduces depth. Measured in the deepest rep as the longest stretch in the deepest 10 % of the rep's hip travel during which the hip midpoint (between the left and right hip points) moves slower than 15 % of the rep's peak hip speed. A stretch under 0.2 s counts as no pause.

hold_duration_s — Hold Duration

Longest stretch, in seconds, the athlete held the position — real hold time, not clip length. It is the longest unbroken run in which the pose's primary joint angle stayed within 10° of its own median. The Single-Leg Stand times its hold separately, from the free foot, under its own card.

hop_decrement_ratio — Hop 1:3 Decrement

Third-hop distance divided by first-hop distance — how well reactive power holds up over repeated contacts. Scale-free. Below about 0.90 suggests the stretch-shortening cycle fades (a late-game power drop). Zone provisional. Both hops are measured at the stance-foot toe (first-toe point) between landings, so the in-frame scale cancels out.

hop_distance — Hop Distance

Ground distance of one maximal hop. No target band: college norms (around 192 cm for men) are a floor, not a ceiling — the athlete's own trend and limb symmetry matter more. From the standing position to the landing: in-frame horizontal travel (of the stance-foot toe on the broad jump, of the mid-hip on the hop and return) combined with a depth term from the change in apparent shoulder-to-ankle height. Absolute cm depend on scale calibration.

hop_distance_confidence — Hop Distance Confidence

Whether Hop Distance can be trusted. The distance combines the body's travel across the frame with an estimated travel toward or away from the camera, read from how much the shoulder-to-ankle height on screen changes between the start and the landing. High = the across-frame part is at least the depth part (filmed side-on); low = the hop ran mostly toward or away from the lens, so the number leans on an assumed camera distance.

hop_distance_normalized — Hop Distance / Height

Hop distance as a percentage of standing height — the fairer comparison across builds, and largely independent of scale calibration. The card's green zone is a provisional reference for a single-leg broad jump. Hop Distance (stance-foot toe, first-toe point, standing position to landing) divided by the height in the athlete profile, × 100.

hop1_distance — Hop 1 Distance

Ground distance covered by the first hop (start to first landing). No target band — the absolute distance depends on the in-frame scale calibration. Measured at the stance-foot toe (first-toe point): its in-frame horizontal travel from the standing position, combined with a depth term from the change in apparent body size (shoulder-to-ankle height) at the protocol camera distance.

hop2_distance — Hop 2 Distance

Ground distance covered by the second hop (first to second landing). No target band — the absolute distance depends on the in-frame scale calibration. The stance-foot toe's (first-toe point) distance from the start at the second landing minus that at the first, each measured as in Hop 1: in-frame horizontal travel plus a depth term from the change in apparent shoulder-to-ankle height.

hop3_distance — Hop 3 Distance

Ground distance covered by the third hop (second to final landing). No target band — the absolute distance depends on the in-frame scale calibration. The stance-foot toe's (first-toe point) distance from the start at the final landing minus that at the second, each measured as in Hop 1: in-frame horizontal travel plus a depth term from the change in apparent shoulder-to-ankle height.

impulse — Vertical Impulse

Net vertical impulse of the ground contact (N·s) — what drives both jump height and take-off velocity. Body mass × the change in vertical speed of the whole-body centre of mass, estimated from all the body segments: the take-off speed from the flight time (g × flight ÷ 2), minus, on a drop jump, the downward speed at first floor contact; a countermovement or squat jump starts from rest.

instantaneous_power — Instantaneous Power

Instantaneous specific mechanical power on the centre of mass — a hump per stance skewed to push-off, zero while airborne. Reconstructed per detected stance with a Fourier force model from forward speed, that stance's contact and step time (heel and first-toe contact detection) and centre-of-mass height from stature. Its average over the analysed part is Average Power. Beta: model-derived, pending validation.

jerk_dip_bar_drift — Jerk Dip Bar Drift

How far the bar moves forward during the jerk dip, in cm. The bar should travel straight down. Side camera only; no green zone yet. Measured as the bar's largest horizontal travel in the direction the athlete faces (the nose against the shoulder midpoint) from the start of the jerk to the bottom of the dip; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked, scaled to cm from the athlete's height.

jerk_dip_torso_lean — Jerk Dip Torso Lean

The most the trunk leans forward during the jerk dip, from vertical. The dip should go straight down with the torso upright. Side camera only; no green zone yet. Measured on the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint, as its largest lean from vertical toward the way the athlete faces, from the start of the jerk to the bottom of the dip.

jerk_time — Jerk Time

Jerk part of the lift: from the dip (the countermovement that opens the jerk) to the moment the arms lock overhead, in seconds — not the stand-up out of the split that follows, nor the settle pause before the dip. The start is the last standing frame before the hips begin to drop; the end is the first frame after the drive where the bar stops moving relative to the shoulders. No value when that lock isn't found.

jump_height — Jump Height

Rise of the centre of mass during the flight (cm), computed from flight time as g·t²/8. Flight runs from the feet leaving floor level to landing back on it, detected from the ankle points (toe points on drop jumps); on a side-view two-leg jump whose flight collapses, it falls back to the peak upward speed of the whole-body centre of mass (v²/2g). The Single Leg Hop and Return is the exception: there it is the rise of the hip midpoint above its take-off height during the return hop, and that height also feeds its RSI.

knee_angle_at_set — Knee Angle at Set

The bend at the knee in the set position, before anything moves, in degrees of bend: 0° is a straight leg, more is a deeper bend. It shows how much leg drive is available for the snap. Read from the side, on the leg nearer the camera.

knee_angle_ball_at_ankle — Knee Angle as the Ball Passes the Ankle

The knee bend at the moment the ball passes the ankle nearer the camera, in degrees of bend: 0° is a straight leg. A value near 0° means the knees straightened before the ball came through the legs.

knee_angle_catch — Knee Angle (Catch)

Knee bend at the catch on a clean — the moment the bar lands in the front rack, not the bottom of the squat that follows (in degrees of bend, 0° = straight leg). Scored only when the lift was declared a squat clean at upload; a power clean receives the bar high by design, so it shows without a zone, and an undeclared lift shows the squat zone unscored. Read on the camera-facing side: 180° minus the angle at the knee between thigh (knee to hip) and shin (knee to ankle), as the median over about 0.07 s either side of the frame the bar lands on the shoulders (else of the deepest hip bend).

knee_angle_peak — Knee Angle (Peak)

Knee bend at the deepest point of the squat, in degrees of bend: 0° is a straight leg, a larger number is a deeper bend. Read as the mean of the left and right knee bends (180° minus the angle between the hip, knee and ankle points) at the bottom frame of the deepest rep — the frame of greatest combined hip-and-knee bend — smoothed over three frames. Awareness only — the quality band is still being validated.

knee_asymmetry — Knee Asymmetry

Left–right difference in knee flexion at the bottom of the overhead squat, as a percentage. Lower = more symmetric; over 8 % flags a compensatory weight shift. Each side's flexion is 180° minus the angle between the hip, knee and ankle points at the deepest frame (lowest hip midpoint); the gap is |L − R| divided by their mean.

knee_asymmetry_delta — Knee Asymmetry

Left/right knee-flexion difference at the bottom of the squat, in degrees (|L − R|); read alongside the per-side values. Sagittal symmetry, not frontal-plane valgus. Lower = more symmetric; green ≤15°, amber to 25°. Each side's flexion is 180° minus the angle between the hip, knee and ankle points, averaged over ±3 frames around the bottom of the deepest rep. Shown as a flag beside the technique score, not part of it.

knee_asymmetry_pct — Knee Asymmetry %

Average left–right knee imbalance across the clip, 0–100 %. Each frame the gap between the two knee angles — each the angle at the knee between the hip and ankle points — is divided by a fixed 140° knee range; the number is the mean over frames where both sides are visible, and the chart shows every frame. Awareness only, out of the score.

knee_drive_extension — Knee Drive Extension

Bend of the hitting-side knee at contact, in degrees of bend (0° = straight) — the angle at the knee point between the hip and ankle points, shown as 180° minus that angle. Less bend = a fuller drive into the ball.

knee_extension_lockout — Knee Lockout

Knee bend at the top of the dead lift, in degrees of bend (0° = straight); more than 15° = bent knees at lockout (a failed rep by the standard). Measured on the camera-facing side as 180° minus the angle at the knee between the thigh (knee to hip) and the shin (knee to ankle), the median over ±0.15 s around the detected lockout.

knee_extension_velocity — Knee Extension Velocity

Average speed at which the kicking knee opens from backswing to contact — the biggest power driver in an instep kick. The knee angle (thigh to shin) is read at the backswing (deepest knee bend in the 0.8 s before contact) and at contact (peak foot speed); the value is the change divided by the time between them, in °/s. Strike green 1000–2400 °/s, pass 400–1400 °/s. Display-only.

knee_flexion — Knee Flexion (stance)

How far the knee bends while the foot is on the ground — the cushioning of each footfall. It is 180° minus the ankle–knee–hip angle on the leg nearest the camera, taken as the 90th percentile over that leg's stance frames. Small numbers (15-25° when walking) because a stance knee stays nearly straight; too little reads as a stiff gait, too much as uncontrolled loading. Not the swing-phase Peak Knee Flexion L/R.

knee_flexion_at_backswing — Knee Angle at Backswing

Kicking-leg knee bend at the backswing, in degrees of bend — a larger number = a more loaded, cocked leg; below the band the leg stayed too straight (under-loaded). The backswing is the frame of deepest kicking-knee bend in the 0.8 s before contact; the value is 180° minus the knee angle between the thigh (toward the hip) and the shin (toward the ankle). Strike green 90–140°, pass 40–90°.

knee_flexion_at_contact_dominant — Loaded-Knee Flexion (Contact)

Bend of the hitting-side knee at the contact frame, in degrees of bend (0° = straight) — the angle at the knee point between the hip and ankle points, shown as 180° minus that angle. Too little = no load; too much = collapsed.

knee_flexion_at_prep — Knee Flexion at Prep

Bend of the hitting-side knee at the end of the ready phase — the moment the take-back begins — in degrees of bend (0° = straight), like the on-video joint chip: the angle at the knee point between the hip and ankle points, shown as 180° minus it. A stable, moderately-bent base supports the stroke and the lunge that often precedes it.

knee_flexion_BDC — Knee Flexion (BDC)

Knee bend at bottom dead centre. Saddle-height proxy: over 35° = saddle too low (knee over-bent); under 25° = saddle too high (rocking pelvis). Median over detected pedal cycles of the hip–knee–ankle bend on the camera-side leg, in degrees of bend (0° = straight leg), read where the ankle is lowest in the stroke.

knee_flexion_excursion — Knee Excursion (Landing)

How many degrees the knee bends between touchdown and the deepest point of the landing. With the hip and ankle excursions it shows where the landing was absorbed: larger hip and knee travel is the soft strategy; small travel leaves the impact to the ankle. Side view, camera-facing leg: the knee angle (hip–knee–ankle points) at touchdown minus its minimum in the absorption, found up to about 0.1 s after the mid-hip's lowest point.

knee_flexion_ic — Knee Flexion at Contact

Knee bend as the foot touches down on the landing (the final landing on the triple hop), side view. Too little bend — below the card's green zone — is a stiff landing that sends more force through the knee (higher ACL load); a softer, deeper bend is protective. 180° minus the stance knee's angle between thigh (hip to knee) and shin (knee to ankle), on the last frame before the foot lands (the last frame the stance ankle is still above floor level). The knee bends fast through touchdown, so one frame either way moves this noticeably.

knee_flexion_rom_involved — Knee ROM (Involved)

How far the involved (affected or prosthetic-side) knee moves through each flutter kick, in degrees — the median over all detected kicks. The knee angle is taken between the thigh (knee to hip) and the shin (knee to ankle); each kick's range is its maximum minus its minimum, with kicks timed between successive peaks of the sound-side hip angle.

knee_flexion_rom_uninvolved — Knee ROM (Sound Side)

How far the sound (uninvolved) knee moves through each flutter kick, in degrees — the median over all detected kicks, and the reference side for the symmetry scores. The knee angle is taken between the thigh (knee to hip) and the shin (knee to ankle); each kick's range is its maximum minus its minimum, with kicks timed between successive peaks of the sound-side hip angle.

knee_flexion_sa_pct — Knee Symmetry Angle

Symmetry angle for the knee: the same left–right comparison as the Symmetry Index, but bounded to −100…+100% and stable when one side barely moves. 0% = symmetric, positive = the sound side moves more, negative = the involved side does; within ±10% is the target. Computed as (45° − arctan(involved ÷ sound)) × 100/90 from each side's median kick range of the knee angle (hip, knee and ankle points).

knee_flexion_si_pct — Knee Symmetry Index

How closely the left and right knees match, as a symmetry index — their difference as a percentage of their average (0% = identical). A large gap can point to a strength imbalance or an old injury. Each knee's angle is measured between the thigh (knee to hip) and the shin (knee to ankle); the per-leg value compared is the knee's range of motion per kick or its peak bend over steady skating, depending on the sport.

knee_flexion_TDC — Knee Flexion (TDC)

Knee angle at top dead centre. Tight = saddle low or cleat far back; open = saddle too high; 65–80° is typical. Median over detected pedal cycles of the included hip–knee–ankle angle on the camera-side leg (180° = straight leg), read where the ankle is highest in the stroke.

knee_flexion_xcorr_lag_ms — Knee Timing Asymmetry

Timing offset between the two knees' kick motion, in milliseconds — independent of how far each side moves. Positive = the sound side leads (its peaks come first), negative = the involved side leads; near 0 = the legs move in sync. Found by sliding the involved knee-angle trace against the sound side's (hip, knee and ankle points) and taking the shift with the highest correlation, searched within one kick cycle.

knee_jerk_angle — Knee Flexion (Bottom)

Knee angle at the bottom of the movement — the drop-landing catch on a drop jump, the dip bottom on a countermovement jump. Lower = deeper absorption; read it with Landing Force: deep flexion with low force is a soft, efficient catch, shallow flexion with high force a stiff, riskier landing. The smaller of the two knee angles (hip–knee–ankle points, 180° = straight) at the frame where the mid-hip is lowest and vertical speed reverses.

knee_load_depth — Knee Load Depth

Knee bend at the deepest point of the dip before the shot — the leg drive that powers the shot. More bend = deeper load; green 40–80° of bend. The value is the deepest shooting-side knee bend within 0.4 s either side of the set point (the shooting wrist's lowest position as the final rise into release begins), 180° minus the angle between the thigh (toward the hip) and the shin (toward the ankle).

knee_over_pedal_lateral_offset — KOPS Offset

Knee-over-pedal (KOPS) offset — how far the knee sits ahead of or behind the foot, seen from the side; 0–4 cm is the target. Median over pedal cycles of the horizontal distance between the knee and the ankle of the camera-side leg at the bottom of the stroke, in cm scaled from the athlete's height. The ankle stands in for the pedal spindle, and the reading is unsigned.

knee_symmetry — Knee Symmetry

How evenly the two knees held the position, as a percentage: 100 % = identical sides, under 85 % flags uneven loading worth investigating. Each side's value is its median knee angle over the middle 60 % of the hold — the angle at the knee between the hip and ankle points — and the score is 100 − |L − R| ÷ their mean × 100.

knee_tracking_lateral — Knee Tracking

Peak sideways knee drift on the front view — how far the knee wanders off the line from hip to ankle while pedalling; under 8° is the target. Each frame, the knee's offset from the midpoint of the hip–ankle line is turned into an angle (clipped at ±30°, lightly smoothed); the value is the largest magnitude over the ride on the worse of the two legs.

knee_trajectory — Knee Trajectory

Knee path over one AVERAGED pedal revolution, seen from the side — not a live path, so it has no video overlay. With the hip pinned to the saddle the knee sweeps an arc whose height and tilt reflect saddle height and fore-aft position; a clean, repeatable arc is the goal. Camera-side knee, each bottom-to-bottom revolution resampled to 32 points and averaged, in cm from the revolution's start.

knee_valgus — Knee Frontal Deviation

Frontal-plane knee deviation for each leg, signed: positive = valgus (knee caves toward the midline), negative = varus (knee bows out). On a front or back camera it is the frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA): the angle at the knee between the thigh (hip→knee) and the shin (knee→ankle), 0° when the leg is straight. In gait the card is the median over the lower-hip part of the stride (a stance proxy). On change-of-direction drills (cuts, 5-0-5) the card is the largest value in the plant window without a sign, so it shows how big the kink is, not which way it goes. Read the direction, not the number: in 2-D a few pixels of hip placement shift it by degrees. Only a large, repeatable left/right gap is worth a look.

knee_valgus_catch — Knee Valgus (Catch)

How far each knee strays sideways from the hip-to-ankle line at the catch, in degrees (front or back camera) — beta, not scored. Measured as the knee's offset from the straight line joining hip and ankle, expressed as an angle, taking the largest value within ±75 ms of the receive. It reads the size of the offset whether the knee caves in or pushes out, so a correct knees-out catch can also read high. Card shows left / right.

knee_valgus_dynamic_peak — Knee Valgus (Dynamic)

Peak frontal-plane knee deviation during the sprint on the front view — the knee's largest drift in or out of the hip–ankle line, worse leg of the two; under 10° is the target. Same per-frame read as Knee Tracking: the knee's offset from the midpoint of the hip–ankle line turned into an angle, clipped at ±30°, so inward and outward drift both count.

knee_valgus_landing — Knee Valgus (Landing)

Peak frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA) of the knee as the landing starts — the strongest ACL-injury predictor in drop-landing research (Hewett 2005). ≤8° is low-risk for CMJ and squat jumps, ≤7° for drop jumps and single-leg tests. Front/back view: the bend at the knee between the hip-to-knee and knee-to-ankle lines, its largest size in the first 0.1 s after touchdown; the stance leg on single-leg tests.

knee_valgus_settle_range — Knee Settle Range (Landing)

How far the knee swings in the frontal plane before it holds still after landing — the gap between its largest deviation and the angle it settles at. A wider swing means the landing was absorbed with less control; compare legs and across a rehab block. Per leg, front/back view, within 1 s of touchdown: the knee projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) must stay within ±3° of its settled value for 0.2 s and to the end of that second.

knee_valgus_time_to_stability — Time to Stability (Landing)

Seconds from touchdown until the knee stops moving in the frontal plane and stays settled. Per leg, front/back view: the first moment after the largest deviation from which the knee projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) stays within ±3° of its settled value for 0.2 s and for the rest of the 1-second window. A video adaptation of force-plate time-to-stabilisation; do not compare it with force-plate norms.

knee_valgus_velocity_landing — Valgus Rate (Landing)

How fast the knee travels in the frontal plane from touchdown to the deepest point of the landing (°/s): positive is a collapse inward (valgus), negative outward (varus). Captures how quickly the knee gives way rather than how far. Per leg, front/back view: the change in knee projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) between touchdown and the lowest mid-hip point, divided by the time between them.

landing_absorption_captured — Landing Absorption Captured

Whether the side-view landing-absorption block (peak knee flexion, landing strategy, joint excursions, shin angles) could be read. It says no when the clip gives no usable landing: no flight found from the ankle points, no knee bend after touchdown, the deepest knee angle falls at the edge of the search window, or the video tracking loses the legs — so an empty block reads as a capture problem.

landing_alpha_angle — Landing Alpha Angle

Landing quality at the knee: the deepest knee bend while absorbing the landing, a 2D angle that tracks 3D knee flexion closely (Di Paolo 2022). About 45–75° is a deep, protective absorption; band provisional — compare sides and sessions first. Side view: the largest knee flexion (180° minus the stance leg's hip–knee–ankle angle) in the 0.4 s after touchdown.

landing_asymmetry — Landing Asymmetry

Left-vs-right difference in peak knee valgus as a percentage of the larger side. Above about 12 % flags single-limb control deficits, a robust post-ACL reinjury predictor (Paterno 2010). Front/back view: each knee's largest frontal-plane projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) in the first 0.1 s after touchdown, then |L − R| divided by the larger.

landing_asymmetry_delta — Landing Valgus L–R Difference

Difference between the left and right knees' peak valgus in the landing, in degrees: how much further one knee collapsed inward than the other. 0° means both knees moved alike. Reported as a difference in degrees rather than a percentage, because a percentage of a few-degree angle swung with every pixel of tracking noise. Front/back view: each knee's largest frontal-plane projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) in the first 0.1 s after touchdown, then the absolute difference between the two.

landing_asymmetry_delta_first — Landing Valgus L–R Difference (1st)

Difference between the left and right knees' peak valgus over the FIRST landing — the box-drop absorption from first floor contact to rebound take-off — in degrees. 0° means both knees moved alike. Front/back view: each knee's largest projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) in that window, then the absolute difference between the two.

landing_asymmetry_delta_second — Landing Valgus L–R Difference (2nd)

Difference between the left and right knees' peak valgus over the SECOND landing — after the brief rebound flight — in degrees; the reactive landing used in return-to-sport testing. 0° means both knees moved alike. Drop jump, front/back view: each knee's largest projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) from rebound touchdown to the end of the clip, then the absolute difference between the two.

landing_asymmetry_first — Landing Asymmetry (1st)

Left-vs-right difference in peak knee valgus over the FIRST landing — the box-drop absorption from first floor contact to rebound take-off. Bishop 2018's 10–15 % is the typical cutoff for a task-specific single-limb deficit; above that on a drop jump signals eccentric-strength imbalance heading into the rebound. Front/back view: each knee's largest projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) in that window, |L − R| ÷ the larger.

landing_asymmetry_second — Landing Asymmetry (2nd)

Left-vs-right difference in peak knee valgus over the SECOND landing — after the brief rebound flight; the reactive-strength read used in return-to-sport testing (Paterno 2010). Above 12 % flags a single-limb control deficit under reactive load. Drop jump, front/back view: each knee's largest projection angle (hip–knee–ankle points) from rebound touchdown to the end of the clip, |L − R| ÷ the larger.

landing_beta_angle — Landing Beta Angle

Landing quality at the hip: the deepest hip bend while absorbing the landing (Di Paolo 2022); flags knee-dominant landings where the hip barely contributes. About 30–60° means a meaningful hip contribution; band provisional — compare sides and sessions first. Side view: the largest hip flexion on the stance side (180° minus the shoulder–hip–knee angle, so trunk lean counts) in the 0.4 s after touchdown.

landing_force — Landing Force

Estimated average vertical force over the ground contact of a drop jump, in multiples of body weight (×BW) — not the peak. Drop height is not visible on video, so the rebound height stands in for it: landing speed √(2g·height) divided by g × contact time, plus 1. Contact runs from the ankle and toe points reaching the floor to leaving it; a lower-bound estimate.

landing_frontal_captured — Landing Frontal Read Captured

Whether the front- or back-view landing block (valgus rate, knee settle range and time to stability, pelvic tilt and rotation screen, rear-foot pronation) could be read. It says no when no landing is found from the ankle points or none of those reads resolves, so an empty block reads as a capture problem rather than a missing measurement.

landing_impulse — Landing Impulse

Force–time integral from touchdown to peak landing force (BW·s) — the eccentric demand absorbed. A high peak over a short time is more injurious than the same peak spread over longer. The area under the estimated vertical force (from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass, in body weights) from the stance ankle reaching the floor to the force peak within the next 0.5 s.

landing_strategy — Landing Strategy

Whether the landing was absorbed softly or stiffly — a description of technique, not a grade. A stiff landing carries higher peak forces; a soft one shares the work with the hip and knee. Side view, camera-facing leg: soft when peak knee flexion (180° minus the smallest hip–knee–ankle angle after touchdown) reaches 90° or more (DeVita and Skelly), stiff below that.

landing_time — Landing Time

Descending half of the flight — from the apex to first floor contact. It is set mostly by jump height; a descent longer than the rise means the athlete landed lower and more flexed than they took off. The apex is the top of the centre-of-mass arc (or the highest mid-hip point), contact the ankle points back at floor level (toe points on drop jumps).

lateral_com_sway_peak_cm — Lateral Sway (Peak)

Largest sideways shift of the trunk over the pelvis during the hold, in cm; over 5 cm is a visible compensation. Despite the name it is not the centre of mass: it is the horizontal gap between the shoulder midpoint and the hip midpoint from the front camera, scaled to cm by the client's height, the largest value over the clip — in the Single-Leg Stand, the worst half-second of the hold averaged, against the two-footed stance.

lateral_com_sway_stability_cm — Sway Stability

How steady the trunk stayed over the pelvis: the standard deviation, in cm, of the horizontal gap between the shoulder midpoint and the hip midpoint from the front camera, scaled to cm by the client's height, over the middle 60 % of the clip (in the Single-Leg Stand, of the one-leg hold). Near 0 = still; over 2 cm = continuous wobble.

lateral_drift_at_release — Total Drift

How far your body moves sideways across the approach by the time you let go of the ball, in cm: how far the midpoint between your hips has shifted sideways at release from where it stood in the first 0.2 s of the clip. Not scored: from behind this reading is often unsteady, so its colour is a guide, not part of the back-view score.

lateral_stance_width_max_cm — Lateral Stance Width

Widest foot spread reached in the Lateral or Cossack Squat, in cm; 70–110 cm (about 1.5–2× shoulder width) is the typical adult range. Measured from the front camera as the largest horizontal distance between the left and right ankle points over the clip, scaled to cm by the client's height.

lead_knee_flexion_at_contact — Lead Knee Flexion (Contact)

Lead-leg knee bend at contact, in degrees of bend (0° = straight). 0–70° is the coached-as-correct band — covers both a stiff front leg (~5°, rigid post) and a flexed-at-contact knee (~25–70°). Contact is the frame of peak bat-hand wrist speed; the value is 180° minus the front knee's angle between the thigh (toward the hip) and the shin (toward the ankle).

lead_knee_flexion_at_release — Lead Knee Flexion (Release)

Lead (stride) leg knee angle at release — how firmly the front leg blocks so the body can rotate over it and keep balance. Release is the frame of peak throwing-wrist speed; the value is the front knee's angle between the thigh (toward the hip) and the shin (toward the ankle): larger = straighter, firmer front leg. No green zone yet.

left_ankle_angle — L Ankle Angle

Left ankle angle held during the hold: the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable), about 90° when neutral — smaller = more dorsiflexion. Taken as the median over the middle 60 % of the clip, which trims getting into and out of the position.

left_ankle_dorsiflexion — Ankle Dorsiflexion L

Left ankle dorsiflexion at the bottom of the overhead squat — how far the shin has travelled forward over the foot. 90° minus the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable), so 0° = neutral and higher = more dorsiflexion. Read at the deepest frame — where the hip midpoint is lowest — not as a peak over the rep.

left_ankle_rom — L Ankle ROM

Left ankle range of motion over the clip: largest minus smallest ankle angle, measured as the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable).

left_ankle_stability — L Ankle Angle Stability

How much the left ankle angle wobbled during the hold — its standard deviation, in degrees, over the middle 60 % of the clip; measured as the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable). Lower = steadier; rising values flag fatigue or weak stabilisers.

left_elbow_rom — L Elbow ROM

Left elbow range of motion (max − min) across the clip.

left_faber_knee_height_cm — FABER Knee Height, Left

How high the left knee rests above the line of the hips in the figure-4 position, read from the side — lower means a more open hip. Estimated with the straight leg's shin as the ruler (about ±2 cm). The green range is provisional. This estimates knee-centre height relative to the hips, not a measured knee-to-table gap.

left_faber_thigh_angle_deg — FABER Thigh Angle, Left

How far the left thigh stands up from the table in the figure-4 position, read from the foot of the table — 0° with the thigh flat. Lower means a more open hip. The green range is provisional.

left_foot_pronation — Foot Pronation L

Left rear-foot eversion during stance — how far the heel rolls inward from neutral (0° = rear-foot in line with the shin). Seen from behind, it is the angle between the shin (ankle→knee) and the rear foot (ankle→heel), signed + pronation / − supination, taken as the median over the frames where the hip midpoint sits in the lower ~70 % of its travel — a rough stance proxy shared by both legs, so it cannot isolate one foot's stance and includes some swing frames. Mild pronation is normal shock absorption; excessive eversion overloads the medial chain (shin, knee).

left_foot_pronation_landing — Rear-Foot Pronation L (Landing)

Left rear-foot pronation (+) or supination (−) during the landing absorption, back view only — the signed median, from touchdown to peak knee flexion, of the left ankle-to-heel line against the left shin (ankle to knee). See Rear-Foot Pronation (Landing) for how to read it.

left_hip_abduction_rom — Hip Abduction L (ROM)

How far the left thigh opens outward, in degrees — the widest outward angle of the thigh (hip to knee point) from vertical over the clip, from the front or back camera; 0 when the knee never passes outside the hip. Hip Abduction and Butterfly Stretch: the card's green zone is the target, and falling short of it flags restriction. Squats: beta — the 2D angle saturates near 90° in a deep squat, so it is awareness only there and out of the score.

left_hip_adduction — Hip Adduction L

Left femur adduction in the frontal plane: the angle of the hip→knee line from vertical on a front or back camera, reported as the largest value during the movement. The value is unsigned — the largest tilt either way, so a knee outside the hip reads positive too. Indicative in 2-D, since pelvic rotation leaks into it — see Hip Adduction for how to read it.

left_hip_adduction_landing — Hip Adduction L (Landing)

Left femur adduction at landing — the largest angle of the left thigh line (hip point to knee point) from vertical in the first 0.1 s after touchdown, front/back view. See Hip Adduction (Landing) for clinical thresholds.

left_hip_angle — L Hip Angle

Left hip angle held during the hold: the angle at the hip between the shoulder and knee points — 180° with the trunk and thigh in line, smaller = more hip flexion. Taken as the median over the middle 60 % of the hold — of the clip on most holds, of the longest detected hold on the Side Plank, which trims getting into and out of the position.

left_hip_er_peak_deg — Hip External Rotation, Left

External rotation of the left hip from neutral: how far the foot swung inward from straight under the knee, seated with the knee at 90°. Read from the front. Typical range 30–50°.

left_hip_flexion — Hip Flexion L

Peak left hip flexion — the most the thigh bends away from the trunk, as 180° minus the knee–hip–shoulder angle. In gait it is the largest value over the clip (the thigh driving forward in swing; the read is unsigned, so a strong trailing extension counts too); in a squat it is the value at the bottom of the rep.

left_hip_flexion_deficit — Hip Flexion Deficit L

Degrees short of the normative hip flexion at initial contact on the LEFT; 0 = at or above the norm. Measured as the mean flexion at the left foot's strikes: the thigh (hip→knee) against the pelvis axis from the pelvis points, or against the trunk (knee–hip–shoulder) when those don't resolve — then the radar drops the spoke. The norm is speed- and mode-aware (running ~36–40°, walking ~22–28°).

left_hip_flexion_peak_deg — Hip Flexion From Neutral, Left

Flexion of the left hip from neutral at the deepest moment of the clip — 0° with the thigh in line with the trunk. Measured from neutral itself, so a start that was not quite straight does not shorten it.

left_hip_ir_peak_deg — Hip Internal Rotation, Left

Internal rotation of the left hip from neutral: how far the foot swung outward from straight under the knee, seated with the knee at 90°. Read from the front. Typical range 25–45°.

left_hip_peak — L Hip Peak

Largest left hip angle reached during the movement — the angle at the hip between the shoulder and knee points — 180° with the trunk and thigh in line, smaller = more hip flexion; the maximum is the most open (extended) position. Shown beside the range so the direction of the motion is visible.

left_hip_rom — L Hip ROM

Left hip range of motion over the clip: largest minus smallest hip angle, measured as the angle at the hip between the shoulder and knee points.

left_hip_stability — L Hip Angle Stability

How much the left hip angle wobbled during the hold — its standard deviation, in degrees, over the middle 60 % of the hold — of the clip on most holds, of the longest detected hold on the Side Plank; measured as the angle at the hip between the shoulder and knee points. Lower = steadier; rising values flag fatigue or weak stabilisers.

left_knee_angle — L Knee Angle

Left knee angle held during the hold: the angle at the knee between the hip and ankle points — 180° is a straight leg, smaller = deeper bend. Taken as the median over the middle 60 % of the clip, which trims getting into and out of the position.

left_knee_flexion — Peak Knee Flexion L

The deepest the left knee bends, as 180° minus the ankle–knee–hip angle. In gait it is the largest value over the clip — the swing, where the leg folds to clear the ground; in a squat it is the depth at the bottom of the rep. Several times larger than Knee Flexion (stance), which measures the same joint while the foot is loaded.

left_knee_flexion_deficit — Knee Flexion Deficit L

Degrees short of the normative knee flexion at initial contact on the LEFT; 0 = at or above the norm. Measured as the mean of 180° minus the ankle–knee–hip angle at the left foot's strikes, against a speed- and mode-aware norm (running ~17–20°, walking ~5–10°). Unlike the hip deficit this angle is limb-internal, so it carries no pelvis dependency.

left_knee_flexion_peak_deg — Knee Flexion From Neutral, Left

Flexion of the left knee from neutral at the deepest moment of the clip — 0° with the leg straight. Measured from neutral itself, so a start that was not quite straight does not shorten it.

left_knee_forward_toe — Knee Over Toe L

How far the left knee travels ahead of the toes while the left foot is on the ground, in cm: the horizontal distance from the first-toe point to the knee in the direction of travel, averaged over the left stance and scaled from the athlete's height. Positive = knee ahead of the toes. Beta: a small distance read off the noisy toe point.

left_knee_rom — L Knee ROM

Left knee range of motion over the clip: largest minus smallest knee angle, measured as the angle at the knee between the hip and ankle points.

left_knee_stability — L Knee Angle Stability

How much the left knee angle wobbled during the hold — its standard deviation, in degrees, over the middle 60 % of the clip; measured as the angle at the knee between the hip and ankle points. Lower = steadier; rising values flag fatigue or weak stabilisers.

left_knee_tracking_lateral — Knee Tracking L

Left leg's peak sideways knee drift on the front view — the largest offset of the left knee from its hip–ankle line over the ride, as an angle; compare with the right. Same read as Knee Tracking: the knee's offset from the midpoint of the hip–ankle line turned into degrees, clipped at ±30° and lightly smoothed.

left_knee_trajectory — Knee Trajectory L

Path of the LEFT knee point seen from the front or back, in cm from where it started (up positive) — on the same frame of reference as the hip path, not relative to the hips. Drawn with the right knee it is the most legible view of valgus collapse: a knee tracking inward toward the midline on landing while the other stays over the foot is the asymmetry FPPA reports as a single number.

left_knee_valgus — Knee Frontal Deviation L

Left-knee frontal-plane deviation on a front or back camera. Positive = knee caving toward the midline (valgus), negative = bowing out (varus). Read as the frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA): the angle at the knee between the thigh (hip→knee) and the shin (knee→ankle), so 0° means a straight leg. On change-of-direction drills the card shows the size of the peak in the plant window without a sign.

Weightlifting: Left-knee frontal-plane deviation on a front or back camera. Positive = knee caving toward the midline (valgus), negative = bowing out (varus). Read from the hip, knee and ankle points as how far the knee sits off the straight hip→ankle line, expressed as an angle, so 0° means the three line up; it stays valid through deep knee bend.

left_knee_valgus_catch — Knee Valgus L (Catch)

How far the left knee strays sideways from the hip-to-ankle line at the catch, in degrees (front or back camera) — beta, not scored. Measured as the knee's offset from the straight line joining hip and ankle, expressed as an angle, taking the largest value within ±75 ms of the receive. It reads the size of the offset whether the knee caves in or pushes out, so a correct knees-out catch can also read high.

left_knee_valgus_dynamic_peak — Knee Valgus L (Dynamic)

Left leg's peak frontal-plane knee deviation during the cycling sprint on the front view — the left knee's largest drift in or out of its hip–ankle line, as an angle (knee offset from the line's midpoint, clipped at ±30°). Compare with the right; under 10° is the target.

left_knee_valgus_landing — Knee Valgus L (Landing)

Left-knee FPPA at landing — the largest bend at the left knee between the hip-to-knee and knee-to-ankle lines in the first 0.1 s after touchdown, front/back view. See Knee Valgus (Landing) for clinical thresholds.

left_knee_valgus_peak — Knee Valgus L (Peak)

How far the left knee sits inside the line from the hip to the ankle, from the front/back view — the knee's sideways offset from that line expressed as an angle, positive = inward. Despite the name it is a median, not a peak: over the middle of the clip, or over the rep in the Bodyweight Squat. Beta: in a deep squat one 2D camera cannot tell this apart from a knees-out pattern, so it is awareness only and out of the mobility score.

left_knee_valgus_settle_range — Knee Settle Range L (Landing)

How far the left knee swings in the frontal plane before it holds still after landing, in degrees — a wider swing means a less controlled landing; compare legs and track it across rehab. Read from the knee angle between the hip–knee and knee–ankle lines over the first second after touchdown: the largest deviation minus the angle the knee settles at (and then stays within ±3° of).

left_knee_valgus_time_to_stability — Time to Stability L (Landing)

Seconds from touchdown until the left knee stops moving in the frontal plane and stays settled — a video adaptation of force-plate time-to-stabilisation, not comparable with force-plate norms. Timed on the knee angle between the hip–knee and knee–ankle lines: the first moment after the largest deviation from which it holds within ±3° for the rest of the first second after touchdown.

left_knee_valgus_velocity_landing — Valgus Rate L (Landing)

How fast the left knee moves in the frontal plane while the landing is absorbed, in degrees per second — positive is an inward (valgus) collapse, negative outward; a fast collapse points at reactive control a peak angle misses. The change in the knee angle between the hip–knee and knee–ankle lines from touchdown to the lowest point of the landing (hips at their lowest), divided by the time between the two.

left_pelvic_tilt — Pelvic Tilt L

Anterior tilt of the pelvis while the left foot is on the ground, seen from the side: the angle of the line from the back to the front pelvis point against horizontal, positive when the front of the pelvis drops, averaged over the left stance. Shown only when the video tracking provides pelvis points; otherwise no card rather than a false 0°. Beta.

left_shoulder_angle — L Shoulder Angle

Left shoulder angle held during the hold: the angle at the shoulder between the elbow and hip points — about 0° with the arm by the side, 180° straight overhead. Taken as the median over the middle 60 % of the clip, which trims getting into and out of the position.

left_shoulder_er_peak_deg — Shoulder External Rotation, Left

External rotation of the left shoulder from neutral, the arm out at shoulder height and the elbow at 90°: how far the forearm turned up and back from square to the trunk — pointing forward standing, at the ceiling lying down. Read from the side, only while the upper arm points at the camera. Typical range 40–90°.

left_shoulder_ir_peak_deg — Shoulder Internal Rotation, Left

Internal rotation of the left shoulder from neutral, the arm out at shoulder height and the elbow at 90°: how far the forearm turned down and forward from square to the trunk — pointing forward standing, at the ceiling lying down. Read from the side, only while the upper arm points at the camera. Typical range 30–70°.

left_shoulder_peak — L Shoulder Peak

Largest left shoulder angle reached during the movement — the angle at the shoulder between the elbow and hip points — about 0° with the arm by the side, 180° straight overhead; the maximum is the arm raised furthest from the trunk. Shown beside the range so the direction of the motion is visible.

left_shoulder_rom — L Shoulder ROM

Left shoulder range of motion over the clip: largest minus smallest shoulder angle, measured as the angle at the shoulder between the elbow and hip points.

left_shoulder_rotation_arc_deg — Shoulder Rotation Arc, Left

External and internal rotation of the left shoulder added together — the arm's total rotation, the number a side-to-side deficit is read against. Shown beside the two rotations, not scored on its own; the green range is provisional.

left_shoulder_stability — L Shoulder Angle Stability

How much the left shoulder angle wobbled during the hold — its standard deviation, in degrees, over the middle 60 % of the clip; measured as the angle at the shoulder between the elbow and hip points. Lower = steadier; rising values flag fatigue or weak stabilisers.

left_side_plank_hold_s — Side Plank Hold Time, Left

The longest hold with the left side down, in seconds — the side whose shoulder and hip sit lower in the picture. The clip is cut into holds where the athlete leaves the position or rolls over (the two sides' shoulders and hips come level); each hold runs as the headline hold time does. Present only when both sides were held, beside the right side; the headline is the longer, so this is not scored again.

left_swing_time — Swing Time L

How long the left foot is in the air each stride — from its toe-off to its next heel strike — averaged over the clip, in ms. Timed at 200 fps from the left foot's contact detection (heel and first-toe points); a swing with any poorly tracked frame is skipped. Not Flight Time, which is when both feet are off the ground at once.

left_trunk_lean — Trunk Lean L

How far the trunk leans from vertical while the left foot is on the ground: the angle of the mid-hip→mid-shoulder line against vertical, seen from the side (unsigned, forward or back alike), averaged over the left stance frames. Compare with the right side: a sustained L/R split flags a one-sided compensation.

leg_stiffness — Leg Stiffness

Stiffness of the leg-spring during ground contact — peak vertical force divided by how much the whole leg compresses, from the Morin (2005) spring-mass model using body mass, leg length, speed, and the contact and flight times detected at the heel and first-toe points. Shown only when the athlete's weight is on file. Nearly constant across running speeds (~8–15 kN/m); a stiffer leg returns elastic energy faster. Beta: model-derived.

leg_stiffness_confidence — Leg Stiffness Confidence

Whether the leg stiffness was estimated inside the speed range its method (Morin 2005) was validated over, 2.5–7.0 m/s. It compares the run's measured speed — the mid-hip travelling over the planted foot during each stance — with that range: "High" inside it, "Low" slower or faster, in which case the value is still shown but is indicative only. Omitted with its card when no weight is on file.

lift_grf — Ground Reaction Force

Vertical ground reaction force through the lift, in newtons — how hard the athlete plus the bar press into the floor. Frame by frame: the athlete's mass × (vertical acceleration of their centre of mass + gravity), plus the declared bar mass × (bar acceleration + gravity) while the bar is held. The centre of mass comes from the body segments; the bar is the plate centre, or the wrist midpoint when the plate isn't tracked.

lift_peak_force — Peak Force

Highest vertical ground reaction force of the pull, in newtons; shown only when the bar mass was declared, read against the athlete's own history (the catch impact stays in the trace only). Per frame: athlete mass × (centre-of-mass vertical acceleration + g) + bar mass × (bar acceleration + g), peaked from break-off to the bar's highest point. The line under it is the peak in multiples of athlete-plus-bar weight and the bar load, shown when the athlete's weight is in the profile; compare with the same athlete and lift within about 5 % of the load.

lift_peak_force_confidence — Peak Force Confidence

High / low reliability flag for Peak Force. Low when the bar or body tracking through the pull was mostly filled-in gaps, the acceleration behind the reading is impossible, the force would fall below zero on over 5 % of the pull's frames, the bar was tracked from the wrists rather than the plate (any front-camera session), or the athlete's bodyweight is missing and a default was assumed. Still shown — a "check the clip" signal.

loading_depth_cm — Loading Depth

How far the hips drop from standing into the load before contact — unlike Trophy Knee Angle, it does not read shallower when the server turns open to the camera. Taken at the midpoint of the two hip points: from the tallest they stand before the trophy down to their lowest point between preparation and contact, scaled to cm by body size. A 1.80 m player in the target knee range drops about 12–29 cm; 1–2 cm = no leg load. Not scored.

lower_limb_stiffness — Lower Limb Stiffness

Spring-like stiffness of the hip–knee–ankle chain during the rebound contact, kN/m. Higher = elastic energy returned faster — the basis of efficient bouncing. Peak force of the rebound contact (touchdown to takeoff, not the landing) divided by leg compression: how much the hip-to-ankle distance, averaged over both legs, shortens from touchdown to its shortest during the contact; force estimated from the whole-body centre-of-mass acceleration.

lr_asymmetry — L/R Asymmetry (hip adduction)

Difference between left and right peak hip adduction (hip→knee line from vertical, front or back camera), as a percentage of the larger side. This is the frontal reading pelvic rotation distorts most: slightly off-axis filming produces an inter-leg gap that is geometry, not the athlete. Read it with the raw L and R values; a large, repeatable gap is a prompt to look, not a finding.

lr_pedal_asymmetry — L/R Pedal Asymmetry

Left/right difference in pedal-stroke travel on the front view. Healthy under 5 %; over 8 % flags favouring one leg. Compares the vertical travel of the left and right ankles over the ride: the difference divided by their mean, as a percent. It reads stroke size, not cadence — both legs always share one cadence.

lsaa_deviation — Body Line (Sag / Pike)

How far the hips sit off a straight shoulder–hip–ankle line, from the side. Positive = hips sagging toward the floor, negative = piking up, 0 = straight. Measured on the camera-facing side as 180° minus the angle at the hip between the shoulder and ankle points; the number is the median over the hold, the chart shows every frame. The ±10° band is a practice convention, not a validated cutoff — shown, not scored.

lumbar_lordosis — Lumbar Lordosis

Lower-back curve while seated: how far the lower spine bends from a straight line (0° = flat, higher = more bend). The angle is unsigned — a lower back that rounds the other way into a slump also reads above 0°, so a high value does not by itself prove an arch. The card's green zone is the neutral seated curve; below it a flattened back loses disc shock absorption, above it with a forward pelvic tilt points to a lower-crossed posture. Measured as 180° minus the angle at the upper lumbar vertebra (L2) between the lower thoracic vertebra (T11) and the hip, averaged over the clip.

lunge_balance_loss_reps — Reps With Balance Loss

Lunges where a wrist left its place at the hip to catch balance, or the back foot shifted sideways. Read from the front or back.

lunge_duration_ms — Lunge Duration

Time from the launch of the lunge to full reach. Launch is where the lead ankle's reach ahead of the hip midpoint first climbs past about a third of the way from its en-garde level to its maximum; full reach is the frame where that distance peaks. When the reach cannot be tracked, the swing of the front-knee angle is used instead.

lunge_front_hip_flexion_left — Front Hip Bend, Left Lead

How far the front hip bends at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg — the angle between the trunk (hip to shoulder) and the front thigh (hip to knee), measured from the side; zero is standing straight. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_front_hip_flexion_right — Front Hip Bend, Right Lead

How far the front hip bends at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg — the angle between the trunk (hip to shoulder) and the front thigh (hip to knee), measured from the side; zero is standing straight. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_front_knee_flexion_asymmetry — Front Knee Bend Difference

The gap between the front knee bend on left-leg and right-leg lunges, in degrees. Only when both legs were tested.

lunge_front_knee_flexion_left — Front Knee Bend, Left Lead

How far the front knee bends at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg, measured from the side between the thigh (hip to knee) and the shin (knee to ankle): zero is a straight leg. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_front_knee_flexion_right — Front Knee Bend, Right Lead

How far the front knee bends at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg, measured from the side between the thigh (hip to knee) and the shin (knee to ankle): zero is a straight leg. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_knee_valgus_asymmetry — Front Knee Alignment Difference

The gap between how far the left and the right front knee moved inward, in degrees. Only when both legs were tested.

lunge_knee_valgus_left — Front Knee Alignment, Left Lead

How far the front knee moves toward the body's midline at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg, as the knee's angular offset from the line joining hip and ankle, compared with standing; positive is inward (valgus), negative outward. Read from the front or back. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_knee_valgus_right — Front Knee Alignment, Right Lead

How far the front knee moves toward the body's midline at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg, as the knee's angular offset from the line joining hip and ankle, compared with standing; positive is inward (valgus), negative outward. Read from the front or back. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_note — Lunge Note

Why some or all lunges in the clip carry no reads.

lunge_pelvic_drop_left — Pelvis Level, Left Lead

How much the line across the two hip joints tilts at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg, compared with standing, either way. The lunge is screened with the hips level. Read from the front or back. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_pelvic_drop_right — Pelvis Level, Right Lead

How much the line across the two hip joints tilts at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg, compared with standing, either way. The lunge is screened with the hips level. Read from the front or back. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_rear_hip_extension_left — Rear Hip Opening, Left Lead

How far the back thigh (hip to knee) sits behind the line of the trunk (shoulder through hip) at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg, measured from the side. Positive means the back hip is open; negative that it stays bent, as when the trunk leans forward. Tight hip flexors keep it low. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_rear_hip_extension_right — Rear Hip Opening, Right Lead

How far the back thigh (hip to knee) sits behind the line of the trunk (shoulder through hip) at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg, measured from the side. Positive means the back hip is open; negative that it stays bent, as when the trunk leans forward. Tight hip flexors keep it low. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_rear_knee_height_left — Back Knee Height, Left Lead

How high the back knee stays above the floor at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg, in per cent of the athlete's own shin length (knee to ankle), measured from the side against the back foot's toes: zero is the knee touching the floor. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_rear_knee_height_right — Back Knee Height, Right Lead

How high the back knee stays above the floor at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg, in per cent of the athlete's own shin length (knee to ankle), measured from the side against the back foot's toes: zero is the knee touching the floor. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_reps_dropped — Reps Not Read

Lunges where the camera could not tell which leg stepped forward, for example because the legs overlapped. They are left out rather than guessed.

lunge_reps_left — Reps, Left Lead

Lunges led by the left leg that were read. The test asks for three to five per leg.

lunge_reps_right — Reps, Right Lead

Lunges led by the right leg that were read. The test asks for three to five per leg.

lunge_shin_inclination_left — Front Shin Angle, Left Lead

How far the front shin (ankle to knee) tilts forward from vertical at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg, measured from the side: zero is the knee straight over the ankle, larger values the knee travelling ahead of the foot. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_shin_inclination_right — Front Shin Angle, Right Lead

How far the front shin (ankle to knee) tilts forward from vertical at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg, measured from the side: zero is the knee straight over the ankle, larger values the knee travelling ahead of the foot. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_step_length_left — Step Length, Left Lead

Distance between the two ankles along the direction of the step at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg, in per cent of the athlete's height, measured from the side. Context for the other reads: a short step forces the knee forward. Needs the athlete's height.

lunge_step_length_right — Step Length, Right Lead

Distance between the two ankles along the direction of the step at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg, in per cent of the athlete's height, measured from the side. Context for the other reads: a short step forces the knee forward. Needs the athlete's height.

lunge_trunk_lateral_lean_left — Trunk Side Lean, Left Lead

How much the trunk (mid-hip to mid-shoulder) leans sideways at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg, compared with standing, either way. Read from the front or back. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_trunk_lateral_lean_right — Trunk Side Lean, Right Lead

How much the trunk (mid-hip to mid-shoulder) leans sideways at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg, compared with standing, either way. Read from the front or back. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_trunk_lean_asymmetry — Trunk Lean Difference

The gap between the trunk lean on left-leg and right-leg lunges, in degrees. Only when both legs were tested.

lunge_trunk_lean_left — Trunk Lean, Left Lead

How far the trunk (mid-hip to mid-shoulder) leans from vertical at the bottom of a lunge led by the left leg, measured from the side, positive forward. The lunge is screened with the torso upright. Median over that leg's reps.

lunge_trunk_lean_right — Trunk Lean, Right Lead

How far the trunk (mid-hip to mid-shoulder) leans from vertical at the bottom of a lunge led by the right leg, measured from the side, positive forward. The lunge is screened with the torso upright. Median over that leg's reps.

max_acceleration — Peak Acceleration

Peak forward acceleration out of the cut — the re-acceleration burst. The 95th percentile of how fast the hip midpoint's horizontal speed builds on the leg after the pivot, from the smoothed speed trace; capped at 10 m/s² to suppress single-frame pose noise, and not reported when no direction reversal is found.

mean_braking_force — Mean Braking Force

Average ground reaction force (×BW) through the braking phase — reflects eccentric force-attenuation capacity. Braking runs from just after the body's fastest downward speed to the bottom of the dip (hips at their lowest); force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments), as body weight × (1 + acceleration ÷ g).

mean_propulsion_force — Mean Propulsion Force

Average ground reaction force (×BW) from the bottom of the dip to take-off — the variable most sensitive to a post-ACL deficit in athletes already returned to sport. The window runs from the lowest hip position to the last frame the stance foot's toes are on the ground; force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments).

medial_knee_displacement — Medial Knee Displacement

How far the stance knee sits sideways from the ankle at landing, in cm — the distance companion to the knee valgus angle. Under 2.5 cm is acceptable as a starting point; the band is still being calibrated on real footage. Front/back view: the horizontal gap between the stance knee and ankle points on the landing frame — it measures the size of the offset, not whether it is inward or outward.

mediolateral_stability_index — Mediolateral Stability Index

Side-to-side stability on the single-leg landing — RMS of the estimated mediolateral force (×BW) from touchdown until the stance has stabilised. The most direct read for dynamic knee valgus / hip-abductor weakness. Reference 0.02–0.08 ×BW, left unzoned: the camera's horizontal axis is less reliable than the vertical. Front/back view: the hip midpoint's sideways acceleration ÷ g — a video estimate, not a force plate.

mrsi — Modified RSI (mRSI)

Modified RSI — jump height (m) divided by time-to-takeoff (s), in m/s: the S&C-standard reactive index for counter-movement jumps, which have no brief ground contact. The card's green zone is the target. Height comes from flight time (ankles leaving and returning to the floor); time-to-takeoff runs from the first downward movement of the hips (hip midpoint) to the moment the ankles leave the ground.

non_racket_arm_path — Non-Racket Arm Path

2D path of the non-racket wrist point through the overhead stroke; left out when that wrist is too poorly seen. In a good smash or clear this arm points up at the shuttle and then pulls down hard into the trunk — that pull is what rotates the shoulders and is a large share of the racket speed. An arm that just hangs is the single most common power leak in overhead badminton.

out_of_saddle_pct — Out-of-Saddle Time

Fraction of the sprint in standing position. Goal-dependent — informational, not green/red. Counts the frames where the hips (midpoint of the two hip points) ride clearly higher than usual — more than half a standard deviation above their median height over the clip.

over_ground_top_speed — Top Skating Speed

Top speed over the ice, measured against the corridor points — so unlike the other speed reads here it compares between skaters and against a radar gun. The midpoint of the two ankle points is tracked along the corridor, whose pucks at known 1 m spacing (or the rink's blue and red lines) convert pixels to metres; the card is the highest speed along that track averaged over one stride (0.6 s), so a single push's surge does not set it, and read only inside the calibrated stretch. Needs the points in shot on a fixed camera and the skater tracked densely enough; otherwise it isn't shown.

overhead_squat_depth — Knee Angle at Catch (Snatch)

Knee bend at the catch, in degrees of bend (0° = straight leg) — the moment the bar locks out overhead, not the bottom of the squat that follows; larger = more bend. Scored only when the lift was declared a squat snatch at upload; a power snatch receives the bar high by design, so it shows without a zone, and an undeclared lift shows the squat zone unscored. Read on the camera-facing side: 180° minus the angle at the knee between thigh (knee to hip) and shin (knee to ankle), as the median over about 0.07 s either side of the frame the bar is fixed overhead (else of the deepest hip bend).

pace — Pace

Time to cover a kilometre (or a mile in imperial) at the measured running speed: 1000 m divided by the speed, in minutes. The speed comes from the hip travelling over the planted foot during each stance; pace is not shown below 0.5 m/s.

paddle_speed_proxy — Paddle Speed (Proxy)

Estimated paddle speed at contact, from wrist velocity (the paddle itself isn't tracked): the hitting wrist point's peak linear speed — the frame taken as contact — converted to m/s with the athlete's height.

peak_bar_velocity — Peak Bar Velocity

Highest upward bar speed during the pull, in m/s — about 1.3–3.0 on the Olympic lifts, 0.7–1.5 on a dead lift. Taken from the bar leaving the floor to the catch (dead lift: the lockout), skipping stretches where the track was filled in; the bar is the plate centre on a side camera and the wrist midpoint otherwise, scaled to m/s from the athlete's height.

peak_bar_velocity_confidence — Peak Bar Velocity Confidence

Whether Peak Bar Velocity is a real read. Low when under half of the frames from the start of the pull to the catch had the bar actually tracked (the peak would sit on filled-in gaps), or when the peak itself is above 2.3 m/s on a clean, snatch or clean & jerk (3.5 m/s on a dead lift) — faster than even elite lifters move the bar, so the scale is suspect. The value still shows, but a low read is dropped from the technique score.

peak_braking_force — Peak Braking Force

Maximum ground reaction force (×BW) during the braking phase — the highest mechanical stress in the single-leg drop jump. Below 2.0×BW signals ineffective force attenuation. Braking runs from just after the body's fastest downward speed to the bottom of the dip (hips at their lowest); force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments).

peak_cadence — Peak Cadence

Peak rpm during the sprint window. Pedal revolutions are counted from the lowest points of the camera-side ankle's up-and-down oscillation; for every frame the revolutions completed in the preceding 3 s are converted to rpm, and the highest value is reported; 110–160 rpm is the sprint target.

peak_first_landing_force — Peak First Landing Force

Peak vertical ground reaction force on the first (out-hop) landing, in body weights — the highest-risk moment for the knee, since non-contact ACL injuries happen within about 40 ms of touchdown. Under 3.5 × BW is a soft landing; above 5 × BW is the injury-risk threshold. The highest force in the 0.5 s after the stance foot touches down, force estimated from the whole-body centre-of-mass acceleration.

peak_force — Peak Force

Absolute peak ground reaction force in newtons — easier to compare against published load budgets, e.g. ~3000 N is a common ACL return-to-sport benchmark. Body mass × g × the peak force in body weights, estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass. On the CMJ it is the push-off peak, never past takeoff. On drop jumps it is the peak over the rebound contact, from first floor contact after the box drop to take-off — usually the impact spike of landing from the box rather than the push-off, the same window as the take-off-event force; the landing after the rebound does not count. On landing tests it is the landing peak; on the single-leg hop tests it is the peak across the whole trial (push-off has its own Take-off Force card).

peak_knee_flexion — Peak Knee Flexion

Deepest knee bend in the movement, in degrees of flexion from straight — more bend loads more elastic energy and absorbs more force; too shallow is a stiff, under-loaded movement, while excessive depth adds work for no extra benefit. Flexion is 180° minus the angle at the knee between the hip–knee and knee–ankle lines, taken at its maximum in the analysed window.

peak_knee_flexion_landing — Peak Knee Flexion (Landing)

How deeply the knee bends at the lowest point of the landing, in degrees of flexion from straight — the soft-versus-stiff read: about 90° or more spreads the impact through the hip and knee, less leaves it to the ankle and passive structures. Side view only: 180° minus the smallest hip–knee–ankle angle of the camera-side leg between touchdown and the end of the landing absorption.

peak_landing_force — Peak Landing Force

The single highest vertical ground reaction force (×BW) during the single-leg landing impact. Lower is a softer landing; the card's green zone is the target. The maximum in the 0.5 s after the stance foot touches down (detected from its ankle point); force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments).

peak_pivot_force — Peak Pivot Force

Peak vertical ground reaction force when the foot plants for the turn, in body weights — estimated from the body's vertical acceleration on the side view, not a force-plate reading. Elite range 3.0–3.8 × BW; the estimate tends to read below force-plate values. Computed as 1 + the hip midpoint's vertical acceleration ÷ g, lightly smoothed, taking the highest value within 0.15 s of the pivot.

peak_power — Peak Horizontal Power

Maximum mechanical power produced during the push-off, in watts. Computed frame by frame as force × velocity of the body: on jumps, the estimated vertical ground reaction force times the vertical speed of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments); on change-of-direction drills, body mass × horizontal acceleration × horizontal speed of the hip midpoint.

peak_propulsion_force — Peak Propulsion Force

Maximum ground reaction force (×BW) during the propulsion phase — maximal unilateral explosive output. Cross-session side-to-side asymmetry >15% flags compensatory loading. Propulsion runs from the lowest hip position to the last frame the stance foot's toes are on the ground; force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments).

peak_second_landing_force — Peak Second Landing Force

Peak vertical ground reaction force on the second (return) landing, in body weights, after the reactive rebound. Compare left vs right across sessions for limb symmetry. Provisional band 2.0–4.0 × BW. The highest force in the 0.5 s after the stance foot touches down on the return; force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments).

peak_slide_foot_velocity — Peak Slide-Foot Velocity

The fastest your sliding foot moves on its last step into the slide: the peak forward speed of your front ankle, converted to m/s using your height. Shown for reference only — no target range is set for it yet.

peak_takeoff_force — Peak Take-Off Force

Peak vertical ground reaction force during the one-leg push-off, in body weights, estimated from the pose. Reflects explosive single-leg drive; after knee surgery the operated leg typically pushes off with less force. Band provisional (2.0–3.5 × BW) — compare sides first. The highest force in the push-off before toe-off, force estimated from the whole-body centre-of-mass acceleration.

peak_trunk_lean — Peak Trunk Lean

Near-maximum forward lean of the upper body during steady skating, shown alongside the scored average lean. The trunk line runs from the midpoint of the hip points to the midpoint of the shoulder points, measured from vertical; the card is its 95th percentile over the steady phase, so a single odd frame cannot set it. A big gap between the two means the low hockey crouch is not being held. Informational.

peak_vgrf — Peak Vertical Force

Peak vertical ground-reaction force during stance, in body weights — the maximum load driven into the ground each step (~1.8–3.3 BW, rising with speed). Estimated with the Morin (2005) model as π/2 × (flight time ÷ contact time + 1), from contact and flight detected at the heel and first-toe points. Beta: model-derived, pending force-plate validation.

peak_vgrf_confidence — Peak Vertical Force Confidence

Whether the peak vertical force was estimated inside the speed range its method (Morin 2005) was validated over, 2.5–7.0 m/s. It compares the run's measured speed — the mid-hip travelling over the planted foot during each stance — with that range: "High" inside it, "Low" slower or faster, in which case the value is still shown but is indicative only.

peak_wrist_velocity — Peak Wrist Velocity

ESTIMATE — peak speed of the shooting hand through release, a proxy for how briskly the ball is propelled off the hand (the ball is not tracked). The value is the highest shooting-wrist linear speed from the set point to the end of the follow-through, converted to m/s using the athlete's height. Green 2.5–6 m/s.

pedal_cadence — Cadence

Pedalling rate in revolutions per minute (rpm); 75–95 rpm is the target for bike fit and steady riding. Estimated from the camera-side ankle's up-and-down oscillation: the dominant repeat period of that signal over the clip (autocorrelation, searched between 40 and 200 rpm) is converted to rpm.

pelvic_drop — Pelvic Drop

Per-frame frontal-plane pelvic tilt: the angle of the line joining the two hip points against horizontal, read on a front or back camera and signed the same way on either. Positive = left hip higher than right. The peak across the clip is the summary metric.

pelvic_drop_peak — Pelvic Drop (Peak)

Largest frontal-plane pelvic tilt — the line joining the two hip points against horizontal, its peak size over the movement on a front or back camera, in either direction. In gait this is the Trendelenburg sign: a tilt past the card's green zone flags weak hip abductors (gluteus medius), a leading predictor of knee and low-back overuse injury.

Running (Lateral Pelvic Tilt): Largest frontal-plane pelvic tilt — the line joining the two hip points against horizontal, its peak size over the run on a front or back camera, in either direction. In running this is the Trendelenburg sign, linked to weak hip abductors (gluteus medius). No green zone and not in the score: from a single 2-D camera pelvic drop agrees poorly with a 3-D measurement, so the number is indicative — compare the same runner over time.

pelvic_obliquity_index — Pelvic Obliquity (Back View)

From the back camera: how far one hip sits above the other, as a percentage of the distance between the hips — the height difference between the left and right hip points divided by the distance between them, median over the middle 60 % of the clip. A screening flag for a tilted pelvis in the frontal plane, not a rotation measure, which one camera cannot see. No plank-specific norm: shown, not scored.

pelvic_rock — Pelvic Rock

Side-view stand-in for pelvic rocking on the saddle: the swing of the trunk line in a typical pedal cycle. The pelvis tilt itself is not measured — a rocking pelvis is what tips the trunk while the hands hold the bars. The lean of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint against vertical is smoothed over about 1/6 s; per cycle, from one bottom of the stroke to the next, highest minus lowest; the median cycle is reported, so one large rock does not set the value.

pelvic_rock_frontal — Pelvic Rock (Frontal)

Side-to-side pelvis rocking on the front view — the full range of pelvis tilt over the ride. A large range points to a saddle set too high; under 5° is the target. Tilt from horizontal of the line joining the two hip points, per frame; the value is its maximum minus its minimum across the clip.

pelvic_rotation_screen — Pelvic Rotation (Screen)

Screening flag for the pelvis turning away from the camera during the landing: neutral, mild or marked — never an angle, since rotation about the vertical axis can't be measured from one camera. Graded from how much the hip width (distance between the two hip points, divided by hip-to-shoulder trunk length) narrows from standing to the deepest point of the landing: under 10% neutral, 10–25% mild, more marked.

pelvic_tilt — Pelvic Tilt

Forward or backward tilt of the pelvis while standing. Positive = anterior tilt (pelvis rotated forward, loading the lower back), negative = posterior tilt (a tucked, slumped pelvis); around 5–20° anterior is neutral. Measured as the angle against horizontal of the line from the back to the front pelvis points (posterior to anterior iliac spines), averaged over the clip; not reported seated, where the chair and thighs hide those points.

pelvic_tilt_landing — Pelvic Tilt (Landing)

Sideways tilt of the pelvis at the deepest point of the landing, in degrees from level — positive means the left hip sits higher than the right, negative the mirror. A pelvis that tips under load is linked to hip-abductor weakness and to knee, groin and low-back pain; read it as a direction, not an exact angle. Front/back view: the tilt of the line between the two hip points, median of three frames at the lowest point.

pendulum_path_lateral_deviation — Swing Distance Away From Body

How far your swing moves sideways, away from a straight line: the side-to-side spread of your bowling wrist in the picture over the 1.5 s before release, in cm. Shown for reference only, not scored yet: from a side camera the reading follows the swing along the lane rather than across it.

pfc_velocity_delta — PFC Velocity Delta

Speed lost across the penultimate step — the penultimate-foot braking contribution: approach peak speed minus hip speed at the penultimate foot contact. Provisional band. Both are forward speeds of the hip midpoint; the penultimate contact is when the other foot last touched down before the plant foot did, found from when each foot stops moving. Shown only when the penultimate contact is detected from the feet.

phase_detection_confidence — Phase Detection Confidence

How reliably the movement's phases were located in this clip. When it reads low, reads anchored on those phases are left out or should be compared with care rather than trusted. In bowling it is high when the ball-arm wrist point was tracked through most of the approach and traced a clear pendulum; in skating it needs a clear standing moment before the push-off.

plank_hold_note — Plank Hold Note

Why no plank was found, in plain words: the shoulder, hip and ankle were never all visible; the shoulder–ankle line never came within 35° of horizontal for a full second (standing or kneeling, or the camera is not side-on); or the body line never stayed within 30° of straight for a second. Present only when the hold time, body line and break timing are withheld for that reason, so the report says what happened instead of showing blank tiles.

plank_hold_time_s — Plank Hold Time

Seconds from reaching a plank to the end of the hold: a drop, a pike-out, the clip end, or a body-line break not corrected within three seconds (the stopwatch rule behind the norms). The plank starts once the camera-facing shoulder–ankle line has stayed within 35° of horizontal for a second. College-aged men hold about 124 ± 72 s and women 83 ± 63 s (Strand et al. 2014); green from one standard deviation below the mean for the athlete's sex.

plant_foot_lateral_offset — Plant-Foot Lateral Offset

Rear view. Sideways distance of the planted support foot from the body midline at contact. Too narrow = cramped base, too wide = off-balance; the card's green zone is provisional. Measured at contact (peak kicking-foot speed) as the horizontal distance of the support foot's first-toe point (ankle when hidden) from the hip midpoint's median position during the approach, converted to cm using the athlete's height.

plant_foot_path — Plant-Foot Path

2D path of the support (non-kicking) foot through the strike. Where the plant foot lands relative to the ball governs everything downstream — too far behind and the contact is under the ball, too far ahead and the hips cannot rotate through. Traces its first-toe point (ankle when hidden) over the same window as the kicking-foot path, in cm from the athlete's height; read the two together.

plant_foot_trajectory — Plant Foot Trajectory

2D path of the planting foot through the change of direction — the braking lever. x is how far the foot sits ahead of or behind the hips, y its height above the starting stance: a foot planted far ahead of the body brakes hard and loads the knee; one landing closer under the hips redirects with less speed lost. Read against the hip path. Tracked at the ankle; the plant foot is the one grounded longest around the turn.

plant_knee_valgus — Plant-Knee Valgus

Rear view. Sideways bend of the planted support knee at contact — mainly the inward (valgus) collapse; higher = more. Standard rear-view knee-injury screen; provisional green 0–8°. Measured as the worst frame within 0.1 s of contact (peak kicking-foot speed) of the angle between the thigh (hip to knee) and the shin (knee to ankle) seen from behind: 0° = straight leg.

posture_angle — Posture Lean

Whole-body lean: how far the line from the ankle midpoint to the shoulder midpoint tilts off vertical, relative to the client's own neutral stance detected in the clip. The number is the largest lean away from that neutral, in degrees, in either direction; the chart shows every frame. Context for reading the other angles — awareness only, out of the score.

posture_compensation — Posture Compensation

The most severe compensatory posture pattern found in the clip, or "No compensatory pattern detected". Patterns are rule combinations of the measured angles — forward head with rounded upper back (cranio-vertebral angle under 50° with upper-back rounding over 50°), forward head with a flat lower back, hip hyperflexion with forward head, hyperlordosis with anterior pelvic tilt, flat-back syndrome and slouched posture.

power_proxy_relative — Relative Power (Proxy)

ESTIMATE of relative sprint power (W/kg) — not a power-meter substitute. It comes from peak cadence alone: pedal speed on an assumed 170 mm crank multiplied by a fixed force of half body weight, divided by body mass, so mass cancels and the value simply scales with peak cadence (about 10.5 W/kg at 120 rpm).

pre_attack_tempo_change — Tempo Before the Attack

The last two step intervals before the attack, compared with the rest of the drill. Positive = the fencer sped up into the attack; negative = slowed down. Shown only when the drill ends in an attack.

pronation_proxy — Forearm swing after contact (retired)

RETIRED proxy — shown only on sessions analysed before this read was retired (October 2026). The number was how far the forearm line (elbow point → wrist point) turned in the image over the 100 ms after contact: the forearm sweeping across the frame, not rotation about its own axis. A single camera cannot see pronation, so this never measured it. Compare within one athlete at most; do not read it as pronation.

propulsion_distance_pct — Propulsion Distance

How far the foot travels back from under the hip during each push, as a percentage of the leg's own length (hip–knee plus knee–ankle at full extension) — how much of the available leg the push uses. From the side camera, so it is the backward part of the push; the sideways part needs a front camera.

propulsion_phase_duration — Propulsion Phase

Duration of the concentric push-off, in ms. >160 ms with low propulsive force = slow concentric output. Timed from the bottom of the dip (the hips at their lowest during ground contact) to take-off, the last frame the stance foot's toes are on the ground.

propulsion_time_ms — Propulsion Time

How long each push lasts: from the deepest knee bend to the leg's fullest extension, found from the hip, knee and ankle points, averaged over both legs' strides. The push half of Push : Glide, in milliseconds.

propulsive_impulse — Propulsive Impulse

Concentric impulse of the push-off, from the bottom of the dip to take-off, in N·s. Computed as body mass × take-off velocity — the vertical speed the body leaves the ground with, derived from flight time between the ankles leaving and returning to the floor (a centre-of-mass velocity estimate stands in when the flight is not cleanly detected).

propulsive_impulse_duration — Propulsive Impulse Duration

Time spent in the push-off phase, in ms. Shorter = more explosive loader. Timed from the bottom of the dip — the lowest point of the hip midpoint before take-off — to the moment the ankles leave the ground.

push_angle — Push-off angle

Inclination of the hip→first-toe line from vertical at toe-off, averaged over every toe-off of either foot — how far the leg extends behind the body. A fuller push-off reads as a larger angle.

push_glide_ratio — Push : Glide Ratio

How much of each stride is spent pushing vs. gliding. Strides are found from each leg's knee angle (hip–knee–ankle points): push = deepest knee bend to fullest extension, glide = extension to the next deepest bend. The card is mean push time ÷ mean glide time over both legs. The green zone, 1.2–2.0, is the range trained skaters typically show; inside it, a higher or lower ratio isn't better on its own.

pushup_ascent_time — Push-Up Ascent Time

Seconds from the bottom to the moment the elbow stops straightening, median over the set. An ascent that lengthens through the set while the descent does not is the usual first sign of fatigue. Timed on the elbow angle of the arm facing the camera: from the middle of the bottom plateau to where its straightening speed falls under 15 % of the repetition's peak. Shown, not scored.

pushup_ascent_velocity_asymmetry — Ascent Speed Asymmetry (Back View)

From the back camera: difference between how fast the two shoulders rise through the middle of the ascent, as % of their average — one arm pressing ahead of the other, most pronounced at fast tempos. Each shoulder point's vertical speed is a line fitted over the middle half of the ascent, centred where the shoulder line is half-way up. Under 8 % is within normal tracking wobble.

pushup_body_line_degradation — Body-Line Change, Early to Late

Change in the body line from early to late in the set, in degrees: the mean of the last three repetitions' median shoulder–hip–ankle line minus the mean of the first three. Positive = the hips sag more late in the set. Same windows as the depth change (two and two from four repetitions).

pushup_body_line_deviation — Push-Up Body Line (Sag / Pike)

How far the hips sit off a straight shoulder–hip–ankle line, from the side: positive = sagging toward the floor, negative = piking, 0 = straight. It is 180° minus the angle at the hip between the shoulder and ankle points of the side facing the camera, signed by which side of the shoulder–ankle line the hip is on; each repetition's median, then the median over the set. The ±10° band is a practice convention — shown, not scored.

pushup_body_line_pass — Push-Up Body-Line Pass

Share of the time inside repetitions with the body line within ±10° of straight. 1.0 = one rigid line through the whole set; below 0.9 the hips sagged or piked for a meaningful part of it. Counted over the frames of every repetition where the shoulder, hip and ankle points were detected, on the shoulder–hip–ankle line smoothed over half a second so tracking wobble does not fail frames.

pushup_body_line_sd — Body-Line Variability

How much the body line varies from one repetition to the next: the standard deviation of each repetition's median shoulder–hip–ankle line, in degrees — not a percentage, because a straight body's average line is zero. Needs at least three repetitions.

pushup_depth — Push-Up Depth

Elbow flexion at the bottom of the repetition on the arm facing the camera: 0° a straight arm, 90° the upper arm about parallel to the floor; median over the set, green from 90°. It is the angle at the elbow between the shoulder and wrist points, taken in three dimensions — segment lengths from the straight-arm frames restore what elbows turned toward the lens hide — at the middle of the bottom. No tolerance is added.

pushup_depth_cv — Depth Variability

How much depth varies from one repetition to the next: the standard deviation of the per-repetition elbow flexion at the bottom divided by its mean, in %. Needs three repetitions. No push-up-specific threshold exists — compare the athlete with their own earlier sets. Shown, not scored.

pushup_depth_degradation — Depth Change, Early to Late

Change in depth from early to late in the set, in % of the early value: the mean elbow flexion at the bottom of the last three repetitions minus that of the first three, divided by the first. Negative = the late repetitions are shallower. Needs six repetitions (two and two from four). A fatigue proxy with no push-up-specific threshold — shown, not scored.

pushup_descent_time — Push-Up Descent Time

Seconds from the moment the elbow starts to bend to the bottom, median over the set; reference about 1.0–1.5 s (CSEP-PATH cadence) — shown, not scored. Timed on the elbow angle of the arm facing the camera: the start is where its bending speed falls under 15 % of the repetition's peak, the bottom the middle of the bottom plateau, so a rest at the top is not counted and a pause at the bottom is shared with the ascent.

pushup_descent_velocity_asymmetry — Descent Speed Asymmetry (Back View)

From the back camera: difference between how fast the two shoulders drop through the middle of the descent, as % of their average. Each shoulder point's vertical speed is a line fitted over the middle half of the descent, centred where the shoulder line is half-way down. Under-reads from a high camera; under 8 % is within normal tracking wobble. Limb-symmetry research commonly flags 10–15 %.

pushup_elbow_flare_asymmetry — Elbow Flare Asymmetry (Back View)

Difference between how far the two elbows travel out to the side at the bottom of the repetition, as % of their average. Each elbow point's sideways distance from its shoulder point is measured along the shoulder line of the set-up posture, in shoulder widths — a rear camera sees that undistorted at any height. Blank when the elbows are tucked (under 0.1 shoulder widths). No push-up cut-off exists; shown, not scored.

pushup_elbow_flare_left — Elbow Flare, Left (Back View)

Angle between the left upper arm (shoulder to elbow point) and the torso's long axis (midpoint of the shoulders to midpoint of the hips) at the bottom of the repetition, from the back camera; median over the set. About 30–60° is the functional range. A projected angle: exact from overhead, up to about 10° high from a raised camera, and left out when the torso looks shorter than 1.2 shoulder widths. Shown, not scored.

pushup_elbow_flare_right — Elbow Flare, Right (Back View)

Angle between the right upper arm (shoulder to elbow point) and the torso's long axis (midpoint of the shoulders to midpoint of the hips) at the bottom of the repetition, from the back camera; median over the set. About 30–60° is the functional range. A projected angle: exact from overhead, up to about 10° high from a raised camera, and left out when the torso looks shorter than 1.2 shoulder widths. Shown, not scored.

pushup_elbow_flare_side — Elbow Flare (Side View, Estimated)

Elbow flare estimated from the side camera; about 30–60° is the functional range. How much shorter the upper arm (shoulder to elbow point) looks at the bottom than on the straight-arm frames gives the part pointing at the camera; the angle is that part against the upper arm's reach along the shoulder-to-hip line. An estimate within about 8° either way; tucked elbows read 0. The back view measures flare directly.

pushup_elbow_rom — Elbow Range of Motion

How far the elbow travels in one repetition, median over the set. 70–100° is the functional range; below it the repetition is shallow or the arms never straighten at the top. It is the elbow angle (shoulder, elbow and wrist points, in three dimensions) at the middle of the rest at the top that completes the repetition, minus the same angle at the bottom.

pushup_elbow_rom_cv — Elbow Range Variability

How much the elbow's range of motion varies from one repetition to the next: the standard deviation of the per-repetition elbow range (lockout minus bottom, from the shoulder, elbow and wrist points) divided by its mean, in %. Needs at least three repetitions. Tracking wobble alone reads about 2–4 %. Compare the athlete with their own earlier sets.

pushup_lumbar_sag — Lumbar Sag Under Load

How far the body line gives way under load. Positive = the hips drop as the arms bend, the lower back arching. It is the shoulder–hip–ankle line of the side facing the camera at the bottom of the repetition minus the same line in the set-up posture just before the first repetition, so a crooked set-up does not count; median over the set. Under 2° is within normal tracking wobble.

pushup_note — Push-Up Note

Present only when something was left out: no repetition found — the elbow of the arm facing the camera not visible, the body not near horizontal, the elbow never bending 25°, or only repetitions the clip cuts into — or, beside a count, repetitions cut off by the start or end of the clip, or readings left blank because the detector lost the athlete for part of the set.

pushup_pelvic_rotation — Pelvic Rotation (Back View)

From the back camera: how far the hip line turns at the bottom of the repetition — the tilt of the line between the two hip points there minus its tilt in the set-up posture, median over the set. A camera that is not level cancels out; from a raised camera it reads low. Tracking wobble alone reads about 1°, so treat anything under 2° as none. Shown, not scored.

pushup_posterior_note — Push-Up Back-View Note

Present only when a back-view reading was left out: no repetition found (shoulders not visible, or the shoulder line never dropping by 0.15 shoulder widths), the camera too low for the elbow-flare angle, shoulders, hips or elbows not visible at the bottom of enough repetitions, repetitions cut off by the clip, or detection gaps.

pushup_reps — Push-Up Repetitions

Push-ups counted in the clip; a repetition the clip cuts into is left out. From the side, one repetition is the elbow of the arm facing the camera (shoulder, elbow and wrist points) bending and straightening by at least 25° while the shoulder-to-hip line stays within 35° of horizontal; from the back, the midpoint of the two shoulders dropping by at least 0.15 shoulder widths and rising again. A count, not a fitness-test result.

pushup_reps_to_depth — Reps to Depth

How many of the counted repetitions reached full depth — at least 90° of elbow flexion at the bottom (ACSM, CSEP-PATH, U.S. Army). Each repetition's bottom is read from the shoulder, elbow and wrist points exactly as the depth reading is and counted at 90° or more; a repetition whose bottom the detector missed is blank in the table and not counted. Read it against the repetition count.

pushup_scapular_symmetry — Scapular Symmetry (Back View)

From the back camera: the difference between the left and right shoulder tip's distance from the pelvis midline at the bottom, against the set-up posture, in % of shoulder width — twice the sideways shift of the shoulders' midpoint from the hips' midpoint. The shoulder tips are the only shoulder-blade points the skeleton has; a trunk shifting sideways reads here too. Winging is not measured. Tracking wobble alone reads 1–2 %.

pushup_shoulder_height_bottom — Shoulder Height at Bottom

Linear depth: how high the shoulder stays above the hand at the bottom, as a share of arm length — about 1.0 a straight arm, 0.7 a 90° elbow with the hand under the shoulder, 0.3–0.4 the chest near the floor. It is the vertical distance from the wrist point up to the shoulder point at the bottom, divided by the upper arm plus forearm measured on the straight-arm frames. Hand placement changes it, so read it beside depth.

pushup_shoulder_height_degradation — Shoulder Asymmetry Change, Early to Late (Back View)

Change in the shoulder height difference from early to late in the set, in percentage points of shoulder width: the mean of the last three repetitions minus the mean of the first three, each read between the two shoulder points at the bottom. Positive = the shoulders get more uneven as the set goes on. Needs four repetitions; under 1.5 points is within normal tracking wobble.

pushup_shoulder_height_diff — Shoulder Height Difference (Back View)

From the back camera: how far one shoulder sits above the other at the bottom of the repetition — the vertical gap between the two shoulder points divided by the distance between them, in %, median over the set. Read against the frame, so keep the camera level. Mild asymmetry is common in healthy athletes — shown, not scored.

pushup_tempo_cv — Tempo Variability

How much the repetition time varies across the set: each repetition's descent plus ascent time, both timed on the elbow angle, then the standard deviation divided by the mean, in %. Needs three repetitions. No push-up-specific threshold exists. Shown, not scored.

pushup_tempo_degradation — Tempo Change, Early to Late

Change in repetition time from early to late in the set, in % of the early value: the mean descent-plus-ascent time of the last three repetitions minus that of the first three, divided by the first. Positive = the late repetitions are slower. Same windows as the depth change. Shown, not scored.

pushup_trunk_rotation — Trunk Rotation (Back View)

From the back camera: the shoulder girdle turning on the pelvis — one side pressing ahead of the other. It is the tilt of the line between the shoulder points relative to the line between the hip points at the bottom of the repetition, minus the same relative tilt in the set-up posture; median over the set. From a raised camera it reads low; under 2° is within normal tracking wobble. Shown, not scored.

pushup_wrist_alignment_index — Wrist Alignment

How well the hands sit under the shoulders: 1.0 = directly under, 0.8 = about a fifth of a forearm ahead or behind. It is 1 minus the horizontal distance between the wrist and shoulder points divided by the forearm length (wrist to elbow), read at the top each repetition starts from — the set-up, then each rest between repetitions — because at the bottom the shoulder always sits behind the wrist. Shown, not scored.

pyd — Average Power

Mean specific running power — average mechanical power per kilogram over the run (Stryd-style), reconstructed per stance from forward speed and that stance's contact, flight and step time (heel and first-toe contact detection), with centre-of-mass height from stature, and averaged only over the part of the clip the athlete was analysed on. The curve is Instantaneous Power. Beta: model-derived, pending validation.

racket_speed_est — Racket Speed (Est.)

ESTIMATE — racket-head speed scaled up from the tracked wrist: the hitting wrist point's linear speed just before contact × 3.7, a fixed ratio of racket-tip speed to wrist speed. It is not read from the detected racket and is not a radar reading. That ×3.7 ratio was validated at 30 fps analysis; tennis is analysed at up to 60 fps, so a clip filmed at 60 fps samples the wrist peak more finely and can read a different number, while the ×3.7 ratio has not yet been re-validated at that rate.

racket_speed_est_confidence — Racket Speed Confidence

Reliability (high / low) for Racket Speed (Est.). Low when the original recording is below 30 fps, where motion blur under-reads a fast wrist, or when no wrist speed was read at contact.

racket_speed_proxy — Racket Speed (Proxy)

The hitting wrist's speed at the stroke — the honest pose read behind any racket-speed estimate (the racket head itself is not tracked): the hitting wrist point's linear speed, converted to m/s with the athlete's height. In tennis it is shown for reference, not scored: the racket head travels roughly 3.7× faster than the wrist, so compare it with Racket Speed (Est.), never with a racket-head range.

reactive_strength_ratio — Reactive Strength Ratio

Flight time divided by take-off time on the single-leg hop — a force-plate-free read of stretch-shortening efficiency that picks up one-leg reactive deficits total distance can hide. Zone provisional. Take-off time runs from the start of the dip (the hip midpoint's highest point before it drops) to the stance ankle leaving the floor; flight runs from there to landing.

rear_ankle_peak_dorsiflexion — Rear Ankle Dorsiflexion

Degrees the rear ankle flexed below 90° neutral. Chida 2024: less dorsiflexion and smaller ankle ROM predict higher lunge velocity. From the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot axis (heel to first-toe point) over the clip, using only frames where the rear foot is seen long enough to trust: 90° minus its 5th-percentile value. Left out when too few frames qualify.

rear_ankle_rom — Rear Ankle ROM

Range of motion the rear ankle traveled through. Smaller ROM correlates with higher velocity. Spread between the 95th and 5th percentile of the rear shin–foot angle (knee–ankle line vs heel–first-toe line) over the clip, counting only frames where the rear foot is not foreshortened; left out when too few frames qualify.

rear_foot_trajectory — Rear Foot Trajectory

Path of the REAR foot's toe relative to the hips during the lunge — the drive behind the reach. x = toward the opponent, y = height above the en-garde stance. Read it against the front-foot path: the front foot is where the lunge went, the rear foot is what pushed it there; a rear foot that slides or lifts instead of staying planted is where a short lunge usually comes from. Tracked at the rear first-toe point, in cm.

rear_hip_flexion_peak — Rear Hip Flexion Depth

Deepest rear-hip flexion observed (180° minus the smallest rear-hip angle); the card's green zone is the target. Higher correlates with more drive. The rear-hip angle is the angle at the rear hip between the thigh (hip to knee) and the torso (hip to shoulder); its minimum is taken over the whole clip.

rear_knee_angle — Rear Knee Angle

Median rear-knee bend held during the en-garde position, in degrees of bend (0° = straight). The card's green zone is the target. 180° minus the included angle at the rear knee between thigh (hip to knee) and shin (knee to ankle), median over the middle 60 % of the clip.

rear_knee_extension_range — Rear Knee Extension Range

How much the rear knee extends across the strike — the single strongest predictor of lunge velocity (Chida 2024). The range grows with the distance to the target (Chida 2024: about 13° at a short distance, about 55° at a long one), so read it beside the reach. The spread of the rear-leg hip–knee–ankle angle (lightly smoothed) from the lunge launch to the deepest front-knee bend after landing, read between its 5th and 95th percentiles so one mis-tracked frame cannot set it; frames where the rear leg is tracked implausibly long are left out.

rear_knee_flexion_peak — Rear Knee Prep Flexion

Initial rear-knee flexion in the prep phase — how much the rear knee is already bent before the strike begins; a deep pre-load costs time on the drive. Beta: there is no rear-leg reference for this read yet, so the card's green zone is provisional and it is not scored. 180° minus the smallest rear-leg hip–knee–ankle angle (lightly smoothed) before the lunge launch.

rear_knee_stability — Rear Knee Stability

Std deviation of rear-knee angle during the hold. Lower = steadier stance; the card's green zone is the target. Standard deviation of the rear leg's hip–knee–ankle angle over the middle 60 % of the clip.

reba_score — REBA Score

Whole-body posture risk (REBA), 1–15 (lower is safer). 1–3 = low risk, 4–7 = medium, 8–10 = high, 11+ = very high. Scored with the standard REBA tables from clip-average, camera-side angles: trunk (head-over-shoulder lean), neck (cranio-vertebral angle), legs (sitting or standing, knee bend), upper arm, elbow and wrist; a hidden wrist takes the typical desk value.

relative_concentric_mean_power — Rel. Concentric Mean Power

Concentric mean power per kilogram of body mass (W/kg) — fair cross-athlete comparison of sustained propulsive output in a Squat Jump. The average of force × centre-of-mass vertical speed over the push, from the moment the centre of mass starts rising steadily out of the hold to take-off; force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments).

relative_peak_force — Relative Peak Force

Peak vertical force normalised to body mass (N/kg) — fair cross-athlete comparison of force-production ceiling: ~20–25 recreational, 25–30 trained, >30 elite. Drops with acute fatigue or neuromuscular inhibition. The push-off peak in body weights × g, taken only up to takeoff so the landing impact can't win; force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass.

relative_power — Relative Power

Peak power divided by body mass (W/kg) — fair comparison across athletes of different sizes. The same frame-by-frame force × velocity as peak power (vertical force and centre-of-mass speed on jumps, the hip midpoint's horizontal motion on change-of-direction drills), divided by the athlete's profile weight.

release_arm_angle — Release Arm Angle

Launch angle of the shooting hand at release — the direction the wrist is travelling as the ball leaves, above horizontal. It sets the shot arc: too flat clips the front rim, too steep loses range; green 45–70°. Release is the end of the arm's drive, as the shooting elbow straightens; the angle is taken from the wrist's movement over ~50 ms either side of it. A wrist proxy — the ball itself is not tracked.

release_elbow_angle — Release Elbow Angle

Shooting-arm elbow bend at ball release, in degrees of bend. Close to full extension (green 0–30°) marks a complete upward drive through the ball; a still-bent elbow reads as a pushed shot. Release is the end of the arm's drive — the first moment the elbow is within a few degrees of its fullest extension; the value is 180° minus the angle at the elbow between the upper arm (toward the shoulder) and the forearm (toward the wrist).

release_elbow_flexion — Release Elbow Flexion

How bent your bowling elbow is at the moment of release: the angle at your elbow between your upper arm and forearm (shoulder, elbow, wrist) in the release frame, 180° = straight arm. Worth watching across a session as a sign of fatigue or your technique breaking down.

release_height — Ball Laydown Height

How high your bowling hand is above the floor as the ball leaves it: the height of your bowling wrist above the floor line your ankles set across the clip, converted to cm using your height. Shown for reference only, not scored yet: which exact moment counts as the release is still being checked.

release_height_ratio — Release Height Ratio

How high the shot is let go relative to the athlete's size — higher releases are harder to contest; green 1.15–1.45. The value is the shooting wrist's height above the floor at release (the end of the arm's drive, as the elbow straightens) divided by standing eye height (floor to eyes), both measured on the clip; the ball itself is not tracked, and a release above the head reads above 1.

release_knee_flexion — Slide Knee Bend

How bent your sliding knee is at the moment you let go of the ball, in degrees of bend: 180° minus the angle at that knee between your hip and ankle, taken as the median over ±0.1 s around the release. A straight leg reads near 0°; the more bend, the higher the number.

release_timing_offset — Release Timing

The time between your sliding foot coming to a stop and the ball leaving your hand, in ms. From the side, the release is the moment your bowling hand passes your sliding foot, and the stop is when your front foot stops moving forward; when the camera follows you the stop is estimated instead and marked low confidence. From behind, the release is just past the bottom of your bowling wrist's biggest swing. Negative means you let go before the slide ended; positive means after. Shown for reference only: the target window is still being checked.

retreat_count — Retreats

Footwork steps away from the opponent: the rear foot travels back along the strip and the lead foot follows.

rfd — Rate of Force Development

Peak rate of force development in the push-off — how rapidly force is built. Trained athletes 5 000–10 000 N/s; elite >15 000; distinguishes high-force from explosive athletes. The steepest rise of the estimated force over a sliding window of about 67 ms, from the start of the concentric push to take-off, force estimated from the whole-body centre-of-mass acceleration.

right_ankle_angle — R Ankle Angle

Right ankle angle held during the hold: the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first-toe point; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable), about 90° when neutral — smaller = more dorsiflexion. Taken as the median over the middle 60 % of the clip, which trims getting into and out of the position.

right_ankle_dorsiflexion — Ankle Dorsiflexion R

Right ankle dorsiflexion at the bottom of the overhead squat — how far the shin has travelled forward over the foot. 90° minus the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first toe; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable), on the frame where the hip midpoint is lowest; 0° = neutral, higher = more dorsiflexion.

right_ankle_rom — R Ankle ROM

Right ankle range of motion across the clip — largest minus smallest ankle angle over every tracked frame. The angle is the angle between the shin (knee to ankle) and the foot (heel to first toe; ankle to toe when the heel is unavailable), about 90° standing: smaller toward dorsiflexion, larger toward pointed toes.

right_ankle_stability — R Ankle Angle Stability

How steady the right ankle stayed during the hold — standard deviation of the ankle angle (shin, knee to ankle, against the foot, heel to first toe) over the middle 60% of the clip, so entering and leaving the pose are left out. Lower = steadier.

right_elbow_rom — R Elbow ROM

Right elbow range of motion (max − min) across the clip.

right_faber_knee_height_cm — FABER Knee Height, Right

How high the right knee rests above the line of the hips in the figure-4 position, read from the side — lower means a more open hip. Estimated with the straight leg's shin as the ruler (about ±2 cm). The green range is provisional. This estimates knee-centre height relative to the hips, not a measured knee-to-table gap.

right_faber_thigh_angle_deg — FABER Thigh Angle, Right

How far the right thigh stands up from the table in the figure-4 position, read from the foot of the table — 0° with the thigh flat. Lower means a more open hip. The green range is provisional.

right_foot_pronation — Foot Pronation R

Right rear-foot eversion during stance — how far the heel rolls inward from neutral (0° = rear-foot in line with the shin). Seen from behind, it is the angle between the shin (ankle→knee) and the rear foot (ankle→heel), signed + pronation / − supination, taken as the median over the frames where the hip midpoint sits in the lower ~70 % of its travel — a rough stance proxy shared by both legs, so it cannot isolate one foot's stance and includes some swing frames. Mild pronation is normal shock absorption; excessive eversion overloads the medial chain (shin, knee).

right_foot_pronation_landing — Rear-Foot Pronation R (Landing)

Right rear-foot eversion during the landing — positive is pronation, negative supination; excessive eversion is coupled to the shin turning inward and to knee valgus above it. Back view only: the median angle between the shin line (knee to ankle) and the rear-foot line (ankle to heel) from touchdown to the deepest point of the landing. Zone-less: the foot points sit too close together for a trusted magnitude.

right_hip_abduction_rom — Hip Abduction R (ROM)

How far the right thigh swings outward, from a front or back camera — the largest angle of the hip-to-knee line away from vertical on the outward side over the clip, 0° if it never passes vertical. Beta in squats: at deep flexion the 2-D angle saturates near 90°, so there it is shown for awareness only and kept out of the score.

right_hip_adduction — Hip Adduction R

Right femur adduction in the frontal plane: the angle of the hip→knee line from vertical on a front or back camera, reported as the largest value during the movement. The value is unsigned — the largest tilt either way, so a knee outside the hip reads positive too. Indicative in 2-D, since pelvic rotation leaks into it — see Hip Adduction for how to read it.

right_hip_adduction_landing — Hip Adduction R (Landing)

How far the right thigh angles inward (knee toward the midline) at landing, in degrees — a high value means the hip lets the knee drift in, often a sign of hip-abductor weakness. Front/back view: the angle of the hip-to-knee line from vertical, taking the largest magnitude in the first 0.1 s after touchdown.

right_hip_angle — R Hip Angle

Right hip angle held during the pose — the angle at the hip between the thigh (hip to knee) and the trunk (hip to shoulder), 180° = straight line, smaller = more hip bend. Reported as the median over the middle 60 % of the hold — of the clip on most holds, of the longest detected hold on the Side Plank, so entering and leaving the pose do not count.

right_hip_er_peak_deg — Hip External Rotation, Right

External rotation of the right hip from neutral: how far the foot swung inward from straight under the knee, seated with the knee at 90°. Read from the front. Typical range 30–50°.

right_hip_flexion — Hip Flexion R

Peak right hip flexion — the most the thigh bends away from the trunk, as 180° minus the knee–hip–shoulder angle. In gait it is the largest value over the clip (the thigh driving forward in swing; the read is unsigned, so a strong trailing extension counts too); in a squat it is the value at the bottom of the rep.

right_hip_flexion_deficit — Hip Flexion Deficit R

Degrees short of the normative hip flexion at initial contact on the RIGHT; 0 = at or above the norm. Measured as the mean flexion at the right foot's strikes: the thigh (hip→knee) against the pelvis axis from the pelvis points, or against the trunk (knee–hip–shoulder) when those don't resolve — then the radar drops the spoke. The norm is speed- and mode-aware (running ~36–40°, walking ~22–28°).

right_hip_flexion_peak_deg — Hip Flexion From Neutral, Right

Flexion of the right hip from neutral at the deepest moment of the clip — 0° with the thigh in line with the trunk. Measured from neutral itself, so a start that was not quite straight does not shorten it.

right_hip_ir_peak_deg — Hip Internal Rotation, Right

Internal rotation of the right hip from neutral: how far the foot swung outward from straight under the knee, seated with the knee at 90°. Read from the front. Typical range 25–45°.

right_hip_peak — R Hip Peak

Largest right hip angle reached in the clip — the most open (extended) position. The angle is the angle at the hip between the thigh (hip to knee) and the trunk (hip to shoulder), 180° = straight line; taken as the maximum over every tracked frame. Read it with Hip ROM to see how far the hip closed.

right_hip_rom — R Hip ROM

Right hip range of motion across the clip — largest minus smallest hip angle over every tracked frame. The angle is the angle at the hip between the thigh (hip to knee) and the trunk (hip to shoulder), 180° = straight line.

right_hip_stability — R Hip Angle Stability

How steady the right hip stayed during the hold — standard deviation of the hip angle (thigh, hip to knee, against the trunk, hip to shoulder) over the middle 60 % of the hold — of the clip on most holds, of the longest detected hold on the Side Plank. Lower = steadier.

right_knee_angle — R Knee Angle

Right knee angle held during the pose — the angle at the knee between the thigh (hip to knee) and the shin (knee to ankle), 180° = straight leg, smaller = deeper bend. Reported as the median over the middle 60% of the clip, so entering and leaving the pose do not count.

right_knee_flexion — Peak Knee Flexion R

The deepest the right knee bends, as 180° minus the ankle–knee–hip angle. In gait it is the largest value over the clip — the swing, where the leg folds to clear the ground; in a squat it is the depth at the bottom of the rep. Several times larger than Knee Flexion (stance), which measures the same joint while the foot is loaded.

right_knee_flexion_deficit — Knee Flexion Deficit R

Degrees short of the normative knee flexion at initial contact on the RIGHT; 0 = at or above the norm. Measured as the mean of 180° minus the ankle–knee–hip angle at the right foot's strikes, against a speed- and mode-aware norm (running ~17–20°, walking ~5–10°). Unlike the hip deficit this angle is limb-internal, so it carries no pelvis dependency.

right_knee_flexion_peak_deg — Knee Flexion From Neutral, Right

Flexion of the right knee from neutral at the deepest moment of the clip — 0° with the leg straight. Measured from neutral itself, so a start that was not quite straight does not shorten it.

right_knee_forward_toe — Knee Over Toe R

How far the right knee travels ahead of the toes while the right foot is on the ground, in cm: the horizontal distance from the first-toe point to the knee in the direction of travel, averaged over the right stance and scaled from the athlete's height. Positive = knee ahead of the toes. Beta: a small distance read off the noisy toe point.

right_knee_rom — R Knee ROM

Right knee range of motion across the clip — largest minus smallest knee angle over every tracked frame. The angle is the angle at the knee between the thigh (hip to knee) and the shin (knee to ankle), 180° = straight leg.

right_knee_stability — R Knee Angle Stability

How steady the right knee stayed during the hold — standard deviation of the knee angle (thigh, hip to knee, against the shin, knee to ankle) over the middle 60% of the clip. Lower = steadier.

right_knee_tracking_lateral — Knee Tracking R

Right leg's peak sideways knee drift on the front view — the largest offset of the right knee from its hip–ankle line over the ride, as an angle; compare with the left. Same read as Knee Tracking: the knee's offset from the midpoint of the hip–ankle line turned into degrees, clipped at ±30° and lightly smoothed.

right_knee_trajectory — Knee Trajectory R

Path of the RIGHT knee over the clip, seen from the front. Drawn with the left knee it is the most legible way to see valgus collapse: a knee that tracks inward toward the midline on landing while the other stays over the foot is the asymmetry the knee valgus angle reports as one number. It is the knee point's position frame by frame in cm, drawn from where it starts (not relative to the hips), on the same axes as the hip path.

right_knee_valgus — Knee Frontal Deviation R

Right-knee frontal-plane deviation on a front or back camera. Positive = knee caving toward the midline (valgus), negative = bowing out (varus). Read as the frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA): the angle at the knee between the thigh (hip→knee) and the shin (knee→ankle), so 0° means a straight leg. On change-of-direction drills the card shows the size of the peak in the plant window without a sign.

Weightlifting: Right-knee frontal-plane deviation on a front or back camera. Positive = knee caving toward the midline (valgus), negative = bowing out (varus). Read from the hip, knee and ankle points as how far the knee sits off the straight hip→ankle line, expressed as an angle, so 0° means the three line up; it stays valid through deep knee bend.

right_knee_valgus_catch — Knee Valgus R (Catch)

How far the right knee strays sideways from the hip-to-ankle line at the catch, in degrees (front or back camera) — beta, not scored. Measured as the knee's offset from the straight line joining hip and ankle, expressed as an angle, taking the largest value within ±75 ms of the receive. It reads the size of the offset whether the knee caves in or pushes out, so a correct knees-out catch can also read high.

right_knee_valgus_dynamic_peak — Knee Valgus R (Dynamic)

Right leg's peak frontal-plane knee deviation during the cycling sprint on the front view — the right knee's largest drift in or out of its hip–ankle line, as an angle (knee offset from the line's midpoint, clipped at ±30°). Compare with the left; under 10° is the target.

right_knee_valgus_landing — Knee Valgus R (Landing)

Frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA) of the right knee at landing, in degrees — how sharply the knee kinks inward or outward; the card's green zone, set per jump, is the target. Front/back view: the angle at the knee between the hip–knee and knee–ankle lines (0° = straight leg), taking the largest magnitude in the first 0.1 s after touchdown.

right_knee_valgus_peak — Knee Valgus R (Peak)

How far the right knee drifts inward from the hip-to-ankle line, from a front or back camera — the knee's sideways offset from the straight hip–ankle line, as an angle over that line's length (positive = inward), median over the squat bottom rather than one frame. Beta: in a deep squat one 2-D camera cannot tell this from a knees-out pattern, so it is kept out of the mobility score.

right_knee_valgus_settle_range — Knee Settle Range R (Landing)

How far the right knee swings in the frontal plane before it holds still after landing, in degrees — a wider swing means a less controlled landing; compare legs and track it across rehab. Read from the knee angle between the hip–knee and knee–ankle lines over the first second after touchdown: the largest deviation minus the angle the knee settles at (and then stays within ±3° of).

right_knee_valgus_time_to_stability — Time to Stability R (Landing)

Seconds from touchdown until the right knee stops moving in the frontal plane and stays settled — a video adaptation of force-plate time-to-stabilisation, not comparable with force-plate norms. Timed on the knee angle between the hip–knee and knee–ankle lines: the first moment after the largest deviation from which it holds within ±3° for the rest of the first second after touchdown.

right_knee_valgus_velocity_landing — Valgus Rate R (Landing)

How fast the right knee moves in the frontal plane while the landing is absorbed, in degrees per second — positive is an inward (valgus) collapse, negative outward; a fast collapse points at reactive control a peak angle misses. The change in the knee angle between the hip–knee and knee–ankle lines from touchdown to the lowest point of the landing (hips at their lowest), divided by the time between the two.

right_pelvic_tilt — Pelvic Tilt R

Anterior tilt of the pelvis while the right foot is on the ground, seen from the side: the angle of the line from the back to the front pelvis point against horizontal, positive when the front of the pelvis drops, averaged over the right stance. Shown only when the video tracking provides pelvis points; otherwise no card rather than a false 0°. Beta.

right_shoulder_angle — R Shoulder Angle

Right shoulder angle held during the pose — the angle at the shoulder between the upper arm (shoulder to elbow) and the side of the trunk (shoulder to hip): 0° arm by the side, about 180° straight overhead. Reported as the median over the middle 60% of the clip, so entering and leaving the pose do not count.

right_shoulder_er_peak_deg — Shoulder External Rotation, Right

External rotation of the right shoulder from neutral, the arm out at shoulder height and the elbow at 90°: how far the forearm turned up and back from square to the trunk — pointing forward standing, at the ceiling lying down. Read from the side, only while the upper arm points at the camera. Typical range 40–90°.

right_shoulder_ir_peak_deg — Shoulder Internal Rotation, Right

Internal rotation of the right shoulder from neutral, the arm out at shoulder height and the elbow at 90°: how far the forearm turned down and forward from square to the trunk — pointing forward standing, at the ceiling lying down. Read from the side, only while the upper arm points at the camera. Typical range 30–70°.

right_shoulder_peak — R Shoulder Peak

Largest right shoulder angle reached in the clip — the highest the arm was raised. The angle is the angle at the shoulder between the upper arm (shoulder to elbow) and the side of the trunk (shoulder to hip): 0° arm by the side, about 180° straight overhead; taken as the maximum over every tracked frame.

right_shoulder_rom — R Shoulder ROM

Right shoulder range of motion across the clip — largest minus smallest shoulder angle over every tracked frame. The angle is the angle at the shoulder between the upper arm (shoulder to elbow) and the side of the trunk (shoulder to hip): 0° arm by the side, about 180° straight overhead.

right_shoulder_rotation_arc_deg — Shoulder Rotation Arc, Right

External and internal rotation of the right shoulder added together — the arm's total rotation, the number a side-to-side deficit is read against. Shown beside the two rotations, not scored on its own; the green range is provisional.

right_shoulder_stability — R Shoulder Angle Stability

How steady the right shoulder stayed during the hold — standard deviation of the shoulder angle (upper arm, shoulder to elbow, against the side of the trunk, shoulder to hip) over the middle 60% of the clip. Lower = steadier.

right_side_plank_hold_s — Side Plank Hold Time, Right

The longest hold with the right side down, in seconds — the side whose shoulder and hip sit lower in the picture. The clip is cut into holds where the athlete leaves the position or rolls over (the two sides' shoulders and hips come level); each hold runs as the headline hold time does. Present only when both sides were held, beside the left side; the headline is the longer, so this is not scored again.

right_swing_time — Swing Time R

How long the right foot is in the air each stride — from its toe-off to its next heel strike — averaged over the clip, in ms. Timed at 200 fps from the right foot's contact detection (heel and first-toe points); a swing with any poorly tracked frame is skipped. Not Flight Time, which is when both feet are off the ground at once.

right_trunk_lean — Trunk Lean R

How far the trunk leans from vertical while the right foot is on the ground: the angle of the mid-hip→mid-shoulder line against vertical, seen from the side (unsigned, forward or back alike), averaged over the right stance frames. Compare with the left side: a sustained L/R split flags a one-sided compensation.

rsi — Reactive Strength Index

Reactive Strength Index — rebound height (m) divided by ground-contact time (s), in m/s (Flanagan & Comyns). Used for drop jumps and reactive rebounds; for counter-movement jumps see mRSI (different denominator). Contact runs from touchdown to take-off, detected from the ankle and toe points; height is the rise of the body in the flight that follows.

rsi_hop — RSI-Hop

Reactive Strength Index for hops: average hop distance (m) divided by average ground-contact time between hops (s), in m/s. Not comparable with the height-based RSI of the jump reports. Elite is above 2.5. Hop distance is the stance foot's first-toe point travel between landings; contact is from each intermediate landing to the next take-off. Distance-based, so it shares the distance confidence caveat.

rula_score — RULA Score

Upper-body posture risk (RULA), 1–7 (lower is safer). 1–2 = acceptable, 3–4 = investigate, 5–6 = change soon, 7 = change now. Scored with the standard RULA tables from the same clip-average, camera-side angles as REBA — upper arm, elbow, wrist bend, neck (cranio-vertebral angle), trunk (head-over-shoulder lean) and legs; wrist twist is taken as neutral and a hidden wrist gets the typical desk value.

run_duration — Clip duration

Length of the analysed clip, in seconds, from the video's own timing — the whole recording, including any standing before or after the movement. Distance is not taken over it: it uses only the stretch from the first to the last clean foot strike.

scapular_glide_range_cm — Scapular Glide ROM

How far the shoulders travel up and down through a wall slide, from a back camera — a proxy for range through the movement. Measured as the highest minus the lowest position of the midpoint between the two shoulder points over the clip, converted to cm from the athlete's height. About 15–45 cm is the target.

score — Technique Score

Overall technique score for the session, 0–100. Each scored metric on the report is one check: 100 inside its green zone, and also past the free edge of a higher- or lower-is-better metric; outside the zone it loses points the further out it sits — down to 20 at the amber edge and 0 beyond it where an amber tier exists, else 0 one zone width out (half the edge's value for a zone open on one side); and a neutral 80 for a metric with no zone. The score is the plain average of those checks. A few exercises use a weighted score of their own instead.

Bowling (Overall Bowling Rating): How closely your body position matched the reference at the checkpoints of the delivery, on a 0–100 scale. From the side: your forward body lean (hips to shoulders) and sliding-knee angle at the five checkpoints, weighted toward the release; from behind: the ear-to-wrist line at the swing's lowest point and at release. Each scores 100 in range, less the further out. It is not a skill level and not a prediction of pins.

screen_eye_delta — Screen-Eye Delta

Screen centre height relative to seated eye level — a screen above the eyes forces sustained neck extension. Not measured yet: the video has no point for the monitor, so no current analysis produces this metric; the label is kept for when it does.

serve_arc_margin — Arc Margin

The band around 0° inside which the Paddle Path Angle of a pickleball volley serve is too close to flat to judge the arc, side view. At least 2°, and more on a clip whose wrist track is jittery: it is one standard error of the angle, read from how much the wrist scatters around its fitted path. Above the margin the arc passes, below minus it the serve reads Illegal (No Upward Arc), in between the arc is not judged. Not shown below 60 frames per second.

serve_contact_ahead — Contact Ahead of Lead Foot

How far in front of the lead (front) ankle the hitting wrist is at contact on a pickleball serve, measured along the swing in cm, side view; negative = behind it, a late contact. A contact in front lets the weight move forward and the paddle rise.

serve_contact_ahead_sd — Contact Point Consistency

Spread (standard deviation) of the contact point ahead of the lead foot across the serves in a pickleball clip, in cm, side view; lower = more repeatable. Needs three serves or more.

serve_contact_height_sd — Contact Height Consistency

Spread (standard deviation) of the contact height across the serves in a pickleball clip, in cm; lower = more repeatable. Needs three serves or more.

serve_count — Serves Found

How many serves were found in the pickleball clip: wrist-speed peaks at least half as fast as the fastest serve and at least 1.5 s apart. The per-serve reads come from the fastest serve; the consistency reads need three serves or more.

serve_frontal_view_confidence — Serve View Confidence (Front)

Whether a front-view serve really was filmed from the front. Read from the stance width at contact — the side-to-side gap between the two ankle points, converted to cm with the athlete's height. Low = the ankles overlap within 10 cm, the tell of a side-on clip tagged as front, so the front-view numbers may not mean what their bands say; high = a normal serve stance is visible. The clip is never rejected on this.

serve_lead_hip_flexion — Lead Hip Flexion (Contact)

Bend at the front hip at contact on a pickleball serve, in degrees of bend (0° = upright), side view: the angle at the hip point between the knee and shoulder points, shown as 180° minus that angle. With the knee, it says how the body got low for a below-the-waist contact.

serve_lead_knee_flexion — Lead Knee Flexion (Contact)

Bend of the front knee at contact on a pickleball serve, in degrees of bend (0° = straight), side view: the angle at the knee point between the hip and ankle points, shown as 180° minus that angle. The front leg is the one nearer the net.

serve_legal — Serve Legality

Underhand-serve legality at contact — legal vs illegal (overhead). Illegal when the hitting wrist point at contact sits higher above the hip midpoint than the waist line, taken as about 6 % of standing height above the hip (10 cm without a height in the profile). Pickleball volley serve: also Illegal (No Upward Arc) when the contact is below the waist but the Paddle Path Angle is below minus the Arc Margin — clearly flat to falling, where the rule asks for a clear upward arc — and Below Waist, Arc Not Judged when the angle is inside ± the Arc Margin, too close to flat for the clip's jitter to call either way; judged on the fastest serve of the clip, and not shown below 60 fps. A drop serve is exempt and shows no legality.

serve_path_angle — Paddle Path Angle

ESTIMATE — angle of the hitting wrist's path to the horizontal over the last 0.05 s before contact on a pickleball serve, side view; positive = rising, negative = falling. The paddle is not tracked, so the wrist stands in for it. The volley-serve rule asks for a clear upward arc: above the Arc Margin the arc passes, below minus it Serve Legality reads Illegal (No Upward Arc), and in between the arc is not judged on this clip. Not shown below 60 frames per second.

serve_path_angle_sd — Path Angle Consistency

Spread (standard deviation) of the Paddle Path Angle across the serves in a pickleball clip, in degrees, side view; lower = more repeatable. Needs three serves or more; not shown below 60 frames per second.

serve_pelvis_shift — Weight Transfer (Hip Shift)

How far the hip midpoint moves toward the net from the end of the backswing to contact on a pickleball serve, in leg lengths, side view. The back-to-front weight shift is the first link of the serve.

serve_rear_foot_lift_ms — Rear-Foot Lift Timing

When the rear foot leaves the ground on a pickleball serve, in ms relative to contact, side view; negative = before the hit, where a foot fault starts. The foot counts as lifted once its ankle and toe points both rise clearly above where they stood at the end of the backswing, so rocking onto the toes is not a lift; not shown when it does not lift within 0.5 s after contact.

serve_release_height — Release Height

ESTIMATE — height of the ball hand above the waist line at the ball release on a pickleball serve, in cm; negative = below it. The ball is not tracked, so the hand stands in for it. On a drop serve the rule asks for a release from a natural height, without throwing the ball.

serve_release_to_contact_ms — Release to Contact

ESTIMATE — time from the ball release to contact on a pickleball serve, in ms; on a drop serve it includes the bounce. The ball is not tracked: the release is taken as the ball hand's highest point in the second before contact. A steady number from serve to serve is a consistent self-feed.

serve_stance_stagger — Stance Stagger

Front-to-back distance between the two ankle points at the end of the backswing on a pickleball serve, in leg lengths, side view: how staggered the feet are.

serve_stance_width — Stance Width

Side-to-side distance between the two ankle points at the end of the backswing on a pickleball serve, in leg lengths, back view: the base the weight transfer pushes from.

serve_swing_path — Serve Swing Path

2D path of the hitting wrist point through the full motion (toss → trophy → contact → follow-through). On a clip with several serves, each serve is its own segment on one shared axis.

serve_toss_path — Ball-Hand Path

2D path of the free (non-hitting) wrist point through the serve — where the ball is delivered. In tennis that is the toss: its height and lateral drift set the contact point, so an inconsistent toss shows up here before it shows up in the swing. In padel the same hand DROPS the ball, and the drop point sets the bounce, which sets the contact height the legality check reads. Pickleball serves: the ball hand's path — where the ball is released for a volley serve (hit out of the air, no bounce) or dropped for a drop serve.

serve_trunk_rotation_proxy — Trunk Rotation (Proxy)

ESTIMATE — change in the on-screen width of the shoulder line from the end of the backswing to contact on a pickleball serve, in %, back view. From behind, shoulders turned side-on look narrow and shoulders square to the net look wide, so a positive change is the trunk turning toward the target. A 2-D proxy, not an angle.

serve_trunk_side_lean — Trunk Side Lean

Sideways trunk lean at contact on a pickleball serve, back view: the tilt from vertical of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint. Positive = leaning away from the hitting arm, negative = toward it.

serve_waist_margin — Margin Below the Waist

How far below the waist line the paddle wrist is at contact on a pickleball volley serve, in cm; negative = above it, an illegal serve. The waist line is taken as about 6 % of standing height above the hip midpoint (10 cm without a height in the profile). The margin is the room the serve has under the rule.

setup_back_angle — Setup Back Angle

Torso lean at the dead-lift start, measured from vertical: 0° = fully upright, higher = more hinged over the bar (30–60° is the target). Taken from the line joining the midpoint of the hips to the midpoint of the shoulders, averaged over ±0.15 s around the frame the bar breaks the floor.

shank_angle — Shank angle

Shin (knee→ankle) inclination from vertical at heel-strike, averaged over every strike of either foot. A near-vertical shank at contact is most efficient; a larger angle points to overstriding.

shank_angle_at_release — Shin Angle at Release

How far the shin leans from vertical at the release: positive means the knee is ahead of the ankle, negative behind it. Read on the leg nearer the camera. The release is the last frame the hands touch the ball (or, when the ball is not tracked, the moment the hand nearer the camera passes behind the hips).

shank_angle_at_set — Shin Angle at Set

How far the shin (knee to ankle) leans from vertical in the set position: positive means the knee is ahead of the ankle, negative behind it. A stand-in for how far the ankle is bent; read from the side, on the leg nearer the camera, and the least precise of the angles from a single camera.

shin_angle — Shin Angle

Shank lean from vertical at the plant frame (mean of both shins). A more-inclined shin drives more horizontal push-off — skill players target under 65°. Angle of the knee-to-ankle line against vertical, read at the slowest moment of the cut and averaged over both legs. Provisional band, pending validation.

shin_blade_angle — Knee Drive

Knee drive: how far the knee drives forward over the skate blade at blade placement — the forward lean of the shin, the ankle flexion loading the push. Positive = shin forward over the blade; negative = shin behind it. Read at each stride's deepest knee bend as 90° minus the shin-to-foot angle (knee, ankle, heel and toe points), averaged per leg, then across legs; omitted when the legs lean opposite ways. Distinct from Shin-Torso Alignment. Green: 8° or more.

shin_torso_differential — Shin-Torso Alignment

Whether the shin and torso run parallel at the loaded point of each stride. At the deepest knee bend, the shin line (ankle to knee) and torso line (hip to shoulder) are measured from horizontal: shin minus torso, averaged per leg then across legs, omitted when the legs disagree. Positive = torso flatter ("broken at the waist"); negative = shin flatter ("chair sit"). Read against the athlete's own baseline. Informational.

shooting_arm_alignment — Shooting Arm Alignment

Front view. How far the shooting elbow flares out of the shoulder-to-wrist line — whether the elbow stays under the ball. Near 0° means the arm drives straight at the rim; green 0–12°. Each frame measures the elbow's sideways offset from the line joining the shooting shoulder and wrist, as an angle at the shoulder; the value is the median over the frames with the shooting wrist above the shoulder (set point through release), so the stance before the shot does not count.

shot_elbow_path — Shooting Elbow Path

2D path of the shooting elbow through the shot, from the side camera, drawn beside the wrist path. The coached shape is a vertical line: the elbow stays under the ball and travels straight up. From the side the path shows the elbow drifting forward ahead of the hand (the push shot) or trailing behind it; sideways elbow flare is not visible here — that is Shooting Arm Alignment, from the front camera. Traced frame by frame from the set point to the end of the follow-through, in cm from the athlete's height.

shot_path — Shot Path

2D path of the shooting wrist through the shot. The coached shape is a single upward line finishing high: a path that drifts forward instead of up is a push rather than a shot, and it is why range drops off before accuracy does. Traced frame by frame from the set point (the shooting wrist's lowest position as the final rise into release begins) to the end of the follow-through, in cm from the athlete's height.

shot_tempo — Shot Tempo

Time from the bottom of the load to ball release, in ms — a rep-to-rep rhythm signal. Measured from the set point (the shooting wrist's lowest position as the final rise into release begins) to release (the end of the arm's drive, as the shooting elbow straightens). The provisional green window is wide (600–1500 ms); tempo varies with shot type and range, so read it for consistency.

shoulder_alignment_at_release — Shoulder Rotation at Release

How square your shoulders are to the lane when you let go, seen from behind: the gap between your shoulders, relative to your torso length, compared with its widest in the clip and turned into an angle — turning open or closed narrows it. Keep them square: more than 8° means they have turned. Not scored: from behind this reading is often unsteady, so its colour is a guide.

shoulder_angle_at_release — Shoulder Angle at Release

The angle between the upper arm and the side of the body at the release; larger means the arm is still further from the body. Read on the arm nearer the camera. The release is the last frame the hands touch the ball (or, when the ball is not tracked, the moment the hand nearer the camera passes behind the hips).

shoulder_angle_at_set — Shoulder Angle at Set

The angle between the upper arm and the side of the body in the set position: larger means the arms reach further forward to the ball. Read on the arm nearer the camera.

shoulder_asymmetry_pct — Shoulder Asymmetry %

Left/right difference in shoulder angle across the clip, as a percentage. On each frame the gap between the two shoulder angles (upper arm against the side of the trunk, from the shoulder, elbow and hip points) is divided by 180°, and the frames are averaged; 0% = both arms move identically. Frames where either arm is hidden are skipped. Beta, not scored.

shoulder_drop — Shoulder Drop

Frontal-plane shoulder asymmetry. Over 4° flags handlebar reach too far for one side. Median over the ride of the tilt from horizontal of the line joining the two shoulder points, regardless of which side is lower.

shoulder_elbow_cross_body_angle — Cross-Body Angle

How far the elbow is drawn across the body at peak backswing: the angle between the line from the racket-side shoulder point to the elbow point and the shoulder line pointing away from the body. 0° = straight out to the racket side; larger = further across the chest. A frontal-view read.

shoulder_elevation — Shoulder Elevation

How far the upper arm is raised away from the trunk on the camera-facing side, averaged over the clip — 0° = arm hanging along the body. Up to 20° is neutral at a desk, 20–45° mild, beyond 45° a sustained reach (the RULA upper-arm tiers). Measured as the angle at the shoulder between the upper arm (shoulder to elbow) and the trunk (shoulder to hip).

shoulder_extension — Shoulder Extension

Angle between the trunk and the upper arm at the snatch lockout, signed: 180° = the arm in line with the trunk, above 180° = behind it. An observation, not a target — a sound squat catch leans the trunk forward, so the same vertical arm reads further above 180° the more it leans; Arm to Vertical reads the arm itself. Measured on the camera-facing side as the angle at the shoulder between the upper arm (shoulder to elbow) and the trunk (shoulder to hip), at the frame the arm is closest to the trunk line from the receive through at least 0.5 s after it.

shoulder_external_rotation_peak — Arm Layback (Sagittal Proxy)

Arm layback at the arm-cocking point — a 2D side-view proxy, not true shoulder external rotation (which needs 3D tracking). Arm cocking is the frame before release where the angle between the throwing upper arm (shoulder to elbow) and the trunk (shoulder to hip) is smallest; the value is that angle. Provisional green 0–15°.

shoulder_hip_separation_peak — Shoulder-Hip Separation

X-factor — the largest angle between the shoulder line and the hip line (each joining the left and right points, as seen in the image) over the 1.2 s leading into contact. Drives kinetic-chain energy transfer.

shoulder_rotation_note — Shoulder Rotation Note

Why no rotation angle was read. The test is filmed from the side with the upper arm raised out to shoulder height and the elbow bent to a right angle. With the elbow kept at the side, the forearm turns toward the camera and the rotation cannot be seen, so nothing is reported. Present only when no angle was read.

shoulder_sway_peak — Shoulder Sway

Peak side-to-side shoulder movement during the sprint on the front view, in cm; under 6 cm is the target. The largest horizontal distance of the shoulder midpoint from its median position over the clip, scaled to cm from the athlete's height.

shoulder_symmetry — Shoulder Symmetry

How evenly the two shoulders held during the pose. Each side's shoulder angle (upper arm against the side of the trunk, from the shoulder, elbow and hip points) is the median over the middle 60% of the clip; symmetry = 100 minus their difference as a percentage of their mean. 100% = identical on both sides.

shoulder_tilt — Shoulder Tilt (Release)

How far your bowling shoulder drops below the other as you release the ball, opening room for the swing. Measured from behind as the angle against horizontal of the line joining your two shoulders, size only, the median over 0.1 s either side of release. A moderate drop of about 15–25° is what you want, so it is shown for reference and not scored.

shoulder_tilt_peak — Shoulder Tilt (Peak)

Largest tilt of the shoulder line away from level — one shoulder hiking or dropping. Measured from a front or back camera as the angle of the line joining the two shoulder points against horizontal, peak absolute value over the clip. The card's green zone is the target; it is set per exercise. The Single-Leg Stand reports its own signed shoulder tilt instead.

side_plank_confidence — Side Plank Confidence

High when a hold was found, its supporting side could be told from the picture (which shoulder and hip sit lower) and the body line — both shoulders, hips and ankles — was measured on at least four frames in five of it; low when no hold was found, the body points kept dropping out, or the supporting side seemed to change while tracking lost the body. Low = read the numbers as indicative and check the recording.

side_plank_hip_sag_deg — Hip Sag Angle (Side Plank)

How far the hips drop off a straight shoulder-to-ankle line in a side plank, from the camera facing the athlete. Positive = sagging toward the floor, negative = lifted, 0 = straight. The angle at the shoulder midpoint between the line to the ankle midpoint and the line to the hip midpoint; the number is its median over the hold, the chart shows each frame in the position. The ±5° band is a practice convention — shown, not scored.

side_plank_hold_note — Side Plank Hold Note

Why no side plank was found: the shoulders, hips and ankles were never all visible; the line between the shoulder and ankle midpoints never came within 35° of horizontal (sitting or standing, or the camera is not facing the athlete); or the hips never stayed within 15° of that line for a second. Also present, with a hold found, when the supporting side seemed to change while tracking lost the body, so that hold may include both sides.

side_plank_hold_time_s — Side Plank Hold Time

Seconds from reaching a side plank — the shoulder-to-ankle midpoint line within 35° of horizontal and the hips within 15° of straight for a second — to the end of the hold: a drop or sit-up, the clip end, or a hip sag past ±5° not brought back within three seconds. With both sides in one clip, the longer. Healthy young men hold about 95 s right / 99 s left, women 75 / 78 s (McGill 1999); green from one SD below the mean for the athlete's sex.

side_plank_lateral_dip_cm — Lateral Dip (Side Plank, Estimated)

How far the hips sit below the straight shoulder-to-ankle line in a side plank, in centimetres, median over the hold; positive = toward the floor. The hip midpoint's distance from the line between the shoulder and ankle midpoints, as a share of that line, times 78 % of the profile height (the shoulder-to-ankle length). Absent without a height. Good to a couple of centimetres; no published norm — shown, not scored.

side_plank_supporting_side — Supporting Side (Side Plank)

Which side was down for the headline hold, left or right: on each frame the side whose shoulder and hip sit lower in the picture, and the side most frames of the hold vote for (absent on a tie). Shown on the hold-time tile so the number is tied to the lateral chain it belongs to.

side_plank_symmetry_ratio — Side Bridge Symmetry Ratio

Right-side hold time divided by left-side hold time when both sides were held in the same clip — each the longest hold with that side's shoulder and hip lower in the picture. 1.0 = the sides match; McGill's acceptable band is 0.95–1.05, outside it one lateral chain is weaker. Absent with one side only — two separate clips are not compared. Shown, not scored.

side_plank_time_to_break_s — Side Plank Time to Break

Seconds from the start of the hold to the first sustained (over one second) hip sag or lift beyond ±5° — where technique starts to go, usually before the athlete gives up. The hip-sag angle is read at the shoulder midpoint against the line to the ankle midpoint. Absent when the line never broke; equal to the hold time when the hold ended on that break. Practice-level: shown, not scored.

single_leg_stand_hold_estimate_s — Hold Duration Estimate (Single-Leg)

Shown only for a side-on clip with the ankles out of the picture, where the free foot cannot be timed: how long the body held its position, capped at 30 s — the longest unbroken stretch in which the trunk angle (hip midpoint to shoulder midpoint) stayed within 10° of its own median. An estimate, not the hold: it cannot tell a raised foot from two feet down, so it is not scored. Film both feet to time the hold itself.

single_leg_stand_hold_s — Hold Duration (Single-Leg)

Seconds the free foot stayed clear of the floor, capped at 30 s — most of the Technique Score (59 % front or back, all of it side-on): 10 s and over scores full marks, 5 s or less none. Starts when the free ankle point rises 8 cm (front/back) or 20 cm (side) above the standing one; ends when it sinks below half that for over a tenth of a second, or the standing ankle shifts over 5 cm. Dropouts up to a quarter-second are bridged.

sj_validity — Trial Validity

Trial-validity check for the Squat Jump setup. The badge lights up when the static hold is shorter than 250 ms, the centre of mass dips (moves down faster than 0.1 m/s) in the 200 ms before the push, or the average hip–knee–ankle angle over the last 0.1 s of the hold is outside 80°–100°. The score is still computed — the badge is a warning, not a failure.

skating_stride_length — Skating Stride Length

How far the skater travels over the ice in one full stride — one leg's deepest knee bend to that same leg's next one. Read from the ice-level track (the two ankles) at two frames in the same phase of the stride, converted to metres with the rink's blue lines, median over both legs' strides. Shown only when the blue lines are in shot on a fixed camera.

slide_execution_time — Slide Execution Time

How long your slide lasts, from the moment your sliding foot touches down to the moment it stops — the same stop your Release Timing is measured from. Not shown when the camera follows you or the stop cannot be seen. Read it together with the release angles, not on its own.

slide_foot_distance — Slide Length

How far your sliding foot slides: the forward travel of your front ankle from the moment the foot lands to the moment it stops, converted to cm using your height. Not shown yet: we are still checking how precisely the landing moment can be read.

slide_foot_path — Slide Foot Path

The 2D path your sliding-foot ankle draws through the approach and release (side view only). In bowling the approach is the technique, and this is the only place you see it: look at where your slide finishes compared with your swing, and whether it is a smooth glide or a stop your arm has to swing around.

sls_arm_rescue_trials — Trials Lost to Arm Rescue

How many trials ended with an arm thrown out to recover balance, counted over the whole session. A trial counts when either wrist moves more than 18 cm from where it sat relative to its own hip at setup, for at least 0.1 s — hip-relative, so hands riding down on the hips do not trip it. With Trials Lost to Stepping it accounts for every trial missing from Valid Trials; a free-foot touch-down is not detectable from the front.

sls_foot_posture_setup — Resting Foot Posture

The rearfoot's position in the setup stance, before the descent — neutral, pronated or supinated — the reference the foot and shin changes below are measured from. Read from behind (a back-camera capture) as the angle between the shin (ankle to knee) and the rearfoot (ankle to heel), median over the setup: more than 4° toward eversion is pronated, more than 4° the other way supinated. On a front capture it reads “not measured”: the heel is out of sight.

sls_foot_pronation_peak_deg — Rearfoot Pronation

Peak rearfoot eversion under load, as a change from the resting stance. Excess pronation flattens the arch and turns the shin inward, feeding a valgus moment up the chain. Measured from behind (a back-camera capture) as the angle between the shin (ankle to knee) and the rearfoot (ankle to heel), peak over the squat minus its setup value, on the deepest valid trial. Not the navicular-drop test, so no millimetre range applies. A front capture cannot see the heel, so it reports no value.

sls_fppa_peak_deg — Knee Valgus (Peak FPPA)

How far the knee travels inward across the squat — the angle at the knee between the hip-to-knee and knee-to-ankle lines, positive inward, peak over descent and ascent, averaged over the valid trials. The most validated 2-D marker of ACL and kneecap-pain risk. Above 10° is the screening cut-off; a change under about 8° between sessions is inside measurement noise.

sls_free_leg_position — Free-Leg Position

Where the free leg was held during the squat, read from a side capture. Elevated is the standard test. Reached along the floor means that at the bottom of the squat the free heel stayed within 4 cm of the standing heel's height and the free ankle had moved forward rather than up. A foot at the floor may take some weight, which eases the squat and changes the trunk and hip angles this view reports, so read such a session as a different variant of the test, not against a standard one. Mixed means the trials differed.

sls_hip_adduction_peak_deg — Hip Adduction (Peak)

How far the thigh of the standing leg drifts inward from vertical — the angle of the hip-to-knee line against vertical, positive inward, peak over the squat, averaged over the valid trials. Part of the same collapse pattern as knee valgus and usually a sign the hip abductors are running out. Reference range up to 10.8°, from an asymptomatic control group.

sls_knee_flexion_rom_deg — Squat Depth (Knee Flexion ROM)

How deep the squat went, from the side camera — the standing knee's angle (hip, knee and ankle points) at setup minus its angle at the turnaround, each a median over that phase, deepest trial reported. Knee valgus grows with depth, so two athletes only compare fairly at comparable depth. The 45–60° range is the protocol's instruction, not a pass mark.

sls_pelvic_drop_peak_deg — Contralateral Pelvic Drop (Peak)

How far the free side of the pelvis falls below the standing side — the tilt of the line joining the two hip points, peak over the squat minus the athlete's own setup stance, averaged over the valid trials. The clearest read on hip-abductor strength a single camera gives. Reference range up to 7.4°; clinicians call more than 4° a positive Trendelenburg sign.

sls_pelvic_rotation — Pelvic Rotation

Whether the pelvis turned about a vertical axis during the descent — present or absent, never degrees: one camera cannot resolve rotation out of the picture plane, and the standard visual scale scores it by presence. Read as present when the apparent distance between the two hip points at the turnaround differs by more than 6% from the setup stance, since a turning pelvis foreshortens.

sls_quality_grade — Movement Quality

The standard five-criterion visual rating, checked on every trial — trunk lean over 6.7°, pelvic drop over 7.4° or pelvic rotation, hip adduction over 10.8°, knee valgus over 10°, loss of balance. Good: all five absent in at least 4 of 5 trials; poor: at least one present on every trial; fair: in between. A clinical rating scale, separate from the 0–100 technique score.

sls_stance_side — Screened Limb

The leg that took the weight, as detected in the video. Every frontal reading on this screen is defined relative to it, so it is reported rather than assumed. On a front capture the standing foot is the one whose ankle sits more than 8 cm lower in the image in at least 60% of the decided frames. On a side capture each trial is read on its own: the foot more than 20 cm lower, or failing that the foot that stays within 5 cm of where it stood while the other moves at least 10 cm. The session takes the leg most trials agree on, and asks you when they do not.

sls_step_trials — Trials Lost to Stepping

How many trials ended with the standing foot stepping sideways — the stance ankle moving more than 12 cm horizontally from its setup position for at least 0.1 s. Measured against the athlete's own setup stance, so a naturally wide or narrow stance does not bias it. Together with Trials Lost to Arm Rescue it accounts for every trial missing from Valid Trials.

sls_tibial_inclination_peak_deg — Tibial Inclination (Peak)

Peak lean of the shin from vertical — the knee-to-ankle line against vertical, positive with the knee inside the ankle — as a change from the setup stance, on the deepest valid trial. A fast single-segment screen that sits beside the knee-valgus angle rather than replacing it; its agreement with the full angle is inconsistent, so it carries no reference range.

sls_tibial_rotation — Tibial Rotation

Whether the shin appears to have turned under the knee — present or absent, never degrees: one camera cannot resolve rotation out of the picture plane. Read as present when, at the turnaround, the shin (knee to ankle) leans more than 3° further inward than at setup while the rearfoot (ankle to heel, against the shin) has rolled more than 4° further into pronation. It needs the rearfoot read, so it is reported only on a back-camera capture.

sls_trial_confidence — Screen Confidence

Whether the session's angle readings can be relied on. Low when fewer than half of the trials passed the validity check, or when the standing leg could not be identified — then every reading is withheld; when every trial failed, the angle readings are withheld and this flag says why. A trial fails when a wrist leaves its place on the hip or the standing ankle shifts sideways from that trial's setup position.

sls_trials_excluded — Trials on the Other Leg

How many trials read as the other leg while the rest of the session agreed. Each trial's standing leg is read on its own: the foot clearly lower in the image, or failing that the foot that stays within 5 cm of where it stood while the other moves at least 10 cm. A single trial that disagrees is kept out of the depth reading, because its knee is not the screened leg's. When two or more disagreeing trials come one after another, both legs were probably filmed, and you are asked which leg stood instead.

sls_trials_valid — Valid Trials

How many recorded trials passed the validity check — no arm thrown out for balance and no sideways step of the standing foot. The movement-quality grade is stated over five trials, so this is the denominator behind it. Front camera only; a touch-down of the free foot cannot be detected there, so such a trial still passes.

sls_trunk_lean_peak_deg — Ipsilateral Trunk Lean

How far the trunk leans toward the standing leg — the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint against vertical, peak over the squat, averaged over the valid trials. It shifts bodyweight over the standing foot to spare weak hip abductors, so it usually appears together with pelvic drop. Reference range up to 6.7°; leaning the other way is not counted.

sls_valgus_velocity_deg_s — Valgus Angular Velocity

How fast the knee collapses inward through the lowering phase, rather than how far it ends up — the peak rate of change of the knee's inward angle (hip-to-knee against knee-to-ankle line), smoothed and timed on real frame timestamps, on the deepest valid trial. A fast collapse is harder to arrest and more closely tied to ligament strain than a slow drift. No reference range exists for this task.

snap_hand_path — Hand Path

The path of the hand nearer the camera from the set to the end of the clip, coloured by phase: set, initiation, acceleration, follow-through and, once the arms swing back, recovery.

snap_time_ms — Release Time

Time from the first movement of the hips or the ball to the release, in real time. It is the snapper's part of the total snap time; the ball's flight to the punter is not in it. For a slow-motion video it needs the slow-motion frame rate chosen at upload. The release is the last frame the hands touch the ball (or, when the ball is not tracked, the moment the hand nearer the camera passes behind the hips).

speed — Speed

Forward speed of the body. In gait it is measured per stance: how far the mid-hip travels past the planted foot (midpoint of its heel and first-toe points) from heel strike to toe-off, divided by stance time and scaled to metres from the athlete's height — so it holds on a treadmill and with a panning camera. On a timed walk it is the measured course ÷ the clip time; on agility drills, the mid-hip's horizontal speed.

speed_confidence — Speed Source

Where the speed on this report came from. On a timed walk it is the distance you measured with a tape divided by the clip's time — no camera scaling. It reads high when the mid-hip is tracked through most of the clip and is still moving at both ends. If it reads low, the capture did not meet the protocol (a standing start inside the course, or the client lost part-way), and the speed shown is the camera estimate, which runs low.

speed_loss — Speed Loss

Velocity bled off entering the cut — approach peak minus the speed carried through. Lower means more momentum kept through the redirect. Computed as entry speed × (1 − speed retention): the approach-leg peak hip speed minus the slowest hip speed around the pivot, on the same scale. Provisional band, pending validation on real cut footage.

speed_recovery_ratio — Speed Recovery

Return peak speed relative to approach peak speed — near 1 means the athlete re-accelerated back to full pace out of the cut. The highest horizontal speed of the hip midpoint after the pivot divided by the highest before it, within the drill window.

speed_retention_ratio — Speed Retention

Fraction of approach speed kept through the turn — higher means a rounder, momentum-preserving cut; near zero means braking to a near stop. The slowest horizontal speed of the hip midpoint within about 0.1 s of the pivot divided by the approach-leg peak speed; 0.30 and above is the green zone. On a 5-0-5 or a 180° cut it has no zone and is not scored: a full reversal passes through zero speed, so it reads near 0 on every rep.

spine_extension_peak_deg — Spine Extension (Cow)

How far the back sagged toward the floor in the cow position: the bend of the spine at the lower thoracic vertebra between the base of the neck and the pelvis, read from the side on all fours — 0° is a back straight from neck to pelvis.

spine_flexion_peak_deg — Spine Flexion (Cat)

How far the back rounded up toward the ceiling in the cat position: the bend of the spine at the lower thoracic vertebra between the base of the neck and the pelvis, read from the side on all fours — 0° is a back straight from neck to pelvis.

spine_lateral_lean — Spine Lateral Lean (Release)

Whole-torso sideways lean at release, from the back camera: the tilt from vertical of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint (size only, not direction). Shown for reference only — not scored yet: the 2-D read from a single back camera runs higher than the ~20–25° clinical target, so a validated band is still pending.

spine_rom_deg — Spine Flexion-Extension Range

The whole arc the spine travelled between the fullest cat (rounded up) and the fullest cow (sagged down), read from the side on all fours.

split_step_present — Split Step

Split step before a volley: “Yes” / “Partial” / “No”, front or back view only. Read from how far the hip midpoint moves up or down in the 0.5 s before contact (highest minus lowest point), as a share of how far down the frame the hips sit. Any vertical movement counts — a dip-then-rise is not required, so lowering into the volley also reads — and the same movement can read differently with different framing. A large range reads “Yes”, a smaller one “Partial”.

split_symmetry — Split Symmetry

How close the split receive sits to the ideal front:rear stance ratio of 0.60, scored 0–100 — not an even split: the vertical front shin keeps the front offset short while the extended rear leg carries its ankle far behind the hips, so an even stance means the rear leg never extended. Read at the widest foot separation after the drive, from the horizontal hip-midpoint-to-ankle distances (front leg = the more vertical shin).

sprint_d_rf — Index of Force Application

How fast the forward share of force falls away as the athlete speeds up. It is the slope of that share against speed on the fitted profile, from 2.5 m/s to the speed reached at 20 m — from the gate splits alone, no body points. Always negative, and the flatter it is the longer they keep pushing usefully instead of just turning their legs over.

sprint_f0 — Theoretical Max Force (F0)

Horizontal force per kilogram of body mass at the first instant of the run, where the athlete is slowest and pushing hardest. It is V0 divided by the curve's time constant, both fitted to the three gate splits (no body points, no air drag). The force end of the profile: a low value beside a healthy V0 is an athlete who runs well once moving and starts badly.

sprint_mean_velocity — Mean Velocity by Split

Average speed over each stretch of lane between gates — 0 to 5 m, 5 to 10 m, 10 to 20 m: the stretch's length divided by the difference between its two split times, from the timing gates alone. Each is faster than the one before it on a correct sprint, and how much faster is the acceleration the profile models.

sprint_p_max — Max Horizontal Power

Peak horizontal power per kilogram of body mass, reached at about half of V0. It is computed as V0² ÷ (4 × the curve's time constant) — the product of the two ends of the profile, fitted to the gate splits, rather than a third measurement — so it moves whenever either of them does.

sprint_rf_max — Peak Ratio of Force

Share of the total force vector pointing forwards on the first ground contact, where it is highest — the rest holds the athlete up. The profile's horizontal force at the speed reached half-way through that first contact, against gravity; the contact time is read from the heel and first-toe points, so it needs a capture at 60 fps or better. No green zone: its published range and F0's contradict each other.

sprint_split_10m — 10 m Split

Time from the first gate to the 10 m gate, typed in at upload from the timing rig, not read from the video. With the 5 m and 20 m splits it is one of the three points the acceleration curve is fitted to — two points could not produce a profile that meant anything, so all three are required, and the split is shown only when the three fit one curve.

sprint_split_20m — 20 m Split

Time from the first gate to the finish — the number a coach already has, typed in at upload from the timing rig rather than read from the video. It is kept beside the profile it produced so the two can be read against each other, and shown only when all three splits are entered and fit one acceleration curve.

sprint_split_5m — 5 m Split

Time from the first gate to the 5 m gate, exactly as the timing rig reported it — typed in at upload, not read from the video. Shown only when all three splits are entered and they fit one acceleration curve. No green zone: the published split ranges and the published force-velocity ranges cannot both be right, because the same model produces both. Compare only splits taken from the same standing start.

sprint_trunk_angle_20m — Trunk Angle (20 m)

Angle of the trunk above the horizontal at the finish, where the athlete should be close to upright — 90° is vertical. The steps are placed on the lane by matching their lengths (mid-hip travel between strikes) to the fitted split curve; the step nearest 20 m gives the mid-hip→mid-shoulder angle, median over its stance. That step lands about a metre either side of the line; none within 2 m, no reading.

sprint_trunk_angle_first_step — Trunk Angle (first step)

Trunk angle ABOVE THE HORIZONTAL on the first drive step of a sprint — 90° would be upright, and a sprinter starts near 42°. It is the mid-hip→mid-shoulder line, taken as the median over the first stance (heel strike to toe-off). Read low: the forward position lets the athlete put force behind them instead of under them. Measured the opposite way round from Trunk Lean, which is read from vertical.

sprint_v0 — Theoretical Max Velocity (V0)

The speed this athlete's acceleration curve is heading for, not the speed they reached: a 20 m lane gets about 93 % of the way there. It comes from the timing gates alone, no body points: the curve distance = V0·(t − τ·(1 − e^(−t/τ))) is fitted to the 5, 10 and 20 m splits. Two athletes with the same 20 m time can differ here by a metre per second and need opposite training.

sprint_velocity_curve — Velocity Curve

The modelled speed through the run, from a standstill to the finish: speed = V0·(1 − e^(−t/τ)) from the curve fitted through the three gate times, drawn at 60 points up to the 20 m split. It is not a per-frame measurement and uses no body points, so it is smooth by construction.

squat_depth — Squat Depth

How far the hips drop at the bottom of the squat, in cm — the vertical travel of the midpoint between the two hip points from standing to the bottom. Read on the deepest rep as the gap between its high and low hip positions (5th to 95th percentile, so one glitchy frame cannot inflate it), converted to cm from the athlete's height.

Weightlifting (Hip Drop): How far the hips sit below standing, in cm, through the lift. Zero is the athlete standing tall with the feet flat on the floor; the peak of the trace is the deepest point.

squat_depth_class — Depth Class

The squat's depth class, from knee bend at the bottom: partial (under 90°), medium (90–110°, thigh about parallel) or full (110–135°).

squat_depth_pct_leg — Squat Depth (% leg)

How far the hips drop at the bottom of the squat as a share of standing leg length (hip to ankle), both read from the video — no athlete measurements needed. Unlike centimetres it can be compared between a short and a tall athlete. No green zone yet; for reference, a deep squat lowers the hips about 43–47% of leg length. Not part of the technique score.

squat_hip_flexion — Hip Flexion

Hip flexion angle at the bottom of the squat — higher means a deeper hip bend and better hip/ankle mobility.

squat_knee_flexion — Squat Depth (knee)

How far the knees bend at the bottom of the squat, the average of both legs. Graded by depth class: partial below 90°, medium (thigh about parallel) 90–110°, full 110–135°. Medium and full both meet the target — a parallel squat is a correct squat, and going deeper does not score higher. Part of the technique score.

stability_sway — Stability Sway

Side-to-side sway of the trunk over the pelvis through the bottom of the squat, from a front or back camera. Measured as the range (largest minus smallest) of the sideways offset between the shoulder midpoint and the hip midpoint across the bottom phase of the deepest rep, in cm from the athlete's height. More sway = less balance or weaker side-plane stabilisers. Descriptive — not scored, and no pause is needed: a continuous squat has a bottom phase of a few frames.

stance_by_view — Stance (This View)

Stance at the end of the backswing, as far as this camera angle can see it. From the side, the camera sees how far one foot is ahead of the other toward the net: level feet read Open, one foot clearly ahead reads Neutral or Closed (the side cannot see whether the front foot crossed over). From behind, the camera sees the feet's left-right spread: wide reads Open, close together reads Neutral, feet crossed over reads Closed. Distances are a share of leg length.

stance_lateral_offset — Stance Lateral Offset

Sideways distance between the feet at contact, from a front or back camera — the horizontal gap between the two ankle points, converted to cm with the athlete's height.

stance_leg — Stance Leg

Auto-detected leg the trial was performed on (left / right). Record which leg you tested so cross-session left-vs-right comparison stays unambiguous. It is the leg whose ankle point sits lower over the clip: the free foot is held off the floor, so its ankle rides higher throughout.

stance_leg_confidence — Stance Leg Confidence

Fail-soft flag on stance-leg detection: 'Low' means the two ankle points stayed within about 5 cm of the same height over the clip (median), so the free foot was never clearly off the floor — possibly a bilateral jump uploaded as single-leg, or poor pose. Double-check the video.

stance_length — Stance Length

Distance the body travels while one foot is on the ground (one stance) — speed × ground-contact time. Measured from heel strike to toe-off of the same foot, detected from the heel and first-toe points (the ankle when no heel point is tracked); the distance is that time multiplied by the hip's horizontal speed relative to the planted foot.

stance_pct — Stance Phase

Share of time one foot spends on the ground across its gait cycle. In walking it is the fraction of well-tracked time that foot's contact detection (heel and first-toe points, 200 fps) is on, averaged over both feet (~60% typical). On a sprint it is each step's ground contact divided by the stride — that step plus the next — averaged over the final phase, falling from ~60% out of the start to ~42% near top speed. No target zone.

stance_type — Stance

Stance at contact: Open, Semi-Open, Neutral or Closed. Compares the horizontal spread of the two ankle points with that of the two hip points on the contact frame — feet much wider than the hips reads Open, much narrower reads Closed. A heuristic, not a foot-angle measurement.

stance_width_at_contact_cm — Stance Width (Contact)

Stance width at contact on the front-view serve: the horizontal distance between the two ankle points on the contact frame, converted to cm with the athlete's height. A near-zero width means the feet overlap in the image — usually a side-view clip tagged as front.

stance_width_cm — Stance Width

Width of the base — the horizontal distance between the two ankle points from a front camera, in cm from the athlete's height, taken as a median over the key moment (the plant of a cut, the bottom of a squat) so one jittery frame cannot move it. A base that is too narrow loads the knees medially; the target band depends on the movement.

stance_width_landing — Stance Width (Landing)

Ankle-to-ankle separation at the first foot-plant, in cm. A narrow base concentrates load medially on the knee; a wider base, within the card's green zone, is a proven ACL-risk reducer. Front/back view: the horizontal distance between the two ankle points on the touchdown frame after the flight, scaled with the athlete's height.

stance_width_ratio — Stance Width Ratio

Ankle separation at the setup as a multiple of the athlete's own hip width (front or back camera), so stances compare across athletes of different size. The hip width is between the hip JOINTS, which sit inside the outside of the pelvis, so the ratio reads higher than a coach's "hip-width stance" (about 1.0 by eye reads nearer 1.3–1.5 here). No green zone yet. Computed as the median horizontal gap between the ankles over the median gap between the hip joints, from the break-off until the bar passes the knees.

stance_width_setup — Stance Width (Setup)

Distance between the ankles in the setup position, in cm (front or back camera). Olympic pulls sit around 28–48 cm, the dead lift around 25–45 cm; too narrow = unstable base, too wide = compromised hip-extension leverage. Measured as the horizontal gap between the two ankle points, the median from the break-off until the bar passes the knees, scaled to cm from the athlete's height.

step_count — Steps

Total number of steps in the recording. On fencing Footwork, a step is counted when the lead foot lands, advances and retreats together; a final lunge and the recovery after it are not steps.

step_direction — Step Direction

Net sideways travel of the slide foot across the approach, from the back camera: the slide-side ankle point's horizontal shift from the stance to the plant, in cm — an estimate of drift off a straight line, not a board count.

step_frequency — Step Frequency

Steps per second: 1 ÷ the time from one foot strike to the next (either foot), averaged over the steps in the sprint's final phase; strikes come from heel and first-toe contact detection. With step length it is the whole of running speed (v = length × frequency); which of the two an athlete leans on is what changes a training plan.

step_interval — Step Interval

Time between steps across the drill — the rhythm chart. From each completed step on, the chart holds the interval that step closed.

step_interval_cv — Rhythm Variability

How much the time between steps varies, as a share of the average (coefficient of variation). Low = an even rhythm; high = a broken one, which can be deliberate.

step_interval_mean_ms — Mean Step Interval

Average time between consecutive steps, each timed where it is complete — both feet back on the floor — so an advance and a retreat are timed alike.

step_length — Step Length

Length of a single step — from one foot's contact to the opposite foot's. On a walk it is measured at each heel strike as the horizontal gap between the landing heel and the trailing heel (ankle when a heel is not visible), both sides averaged; on a sprint it is how far the mid-hip travels between consecutive foot strikes, over the final phase. Converted to metres from the athlete's body size.

step_length_asymmetry — Step Length Asymmetry

Difference between left and right step length, as a percentage of their average. Each step is measured at heel strike as the horizontal gap between the landing heel and the trailing heel (ankle when a heel is not visible), averaged per side; implausible reads are dropped and five clean strikes per side are needed. A spatial read, distinct from Ground Contact Asymmetry. No target zone.

step_rate — Step Rate

Steps per minute, from the first completed step to the last — the drill's tempo, without the stillness before and after it.

step_width — Step Width

Side-to-side distance between the ankles from a front or back camera: the median horizontal ankle-to-ankle gap over the frames where the pelvis sits low (a stance proxy), in cm scaled from the athlete's height. The card's green zone, scaled to the athlete's height, is the target. Narrower = 'crossover' (ITB stress), wider = a stability deficit.

stride_length — Stride Length

Distance covered over one full gait cycle — two steps, from one foot's strike to that foot's next. On a walk it is derived, not traced: walking speed (the hip travelling over the planted foot) × the duration of two steps from the cadence. On a change-of-direction cut it is the hip's horizontal travel from the penultimate foot contact to the slowest moment of the plant (the speed minimum), shown only when the penultimate contact is detected from the feet. A shortened stride is a classic ageing / rehab marker.

Running (Step Length (earlier method)): Older running card, shown only on sessions analysed before Stance Length replaced it: the distance covered in one step — one foot's strike to the other foot's — worked out as running speed × 60 ÷ cadence. A step, not a stride: a full stride is two steps. Re-analysing the session replaces it with Stance Length.

stride_length_confidence — Stride Length Confidence

'High' / 'Low' flag for the stride-length read. 'Low' when the stride frame landed within the first 0.1 s of the clip (the clip likely starts mid-motion, so the feet are still in the wind-up stance) or the feet could not be measured on that frame. Don't trust the stride-length value when this reads 'Low'.

stride_length_proxy — Stride Length (Proxy)

ESTIMATE — how far apart the feet are in the stride toward the plate. The stride frame is the deepest knee bend before the arm fires (drive knee when pitching, front knee when hitting); the value is the horizontal distance between the two first-toe points on that frame, converted to cm using the athlete's height. Side-view only, so depth is not captured.

stride_location — Stride Location

The angle between the pushing leg and the ice at push-off. Smaller — the stride directed more behind you — means more forward power and less energy lost side to side. At each push-off (the knee's fullest extension) the line from the hip point to the ankle point is measured against horizontal (0–90°); the card averages every push of both legs.

stride_location_left — Stride Location (L)

The left leg's angle to the ice at push-off: the hip-to-ankle line against horizontal at that leg's fullest knee extension, averaged over its strides. Smaller = more forward power. Compare sides with care: a sagittal view reads the far leg off estimated points.

stride_location_right — Stride Location (R)

The right leg's angle to the ice at push-off: the hip-to-ankle line against horizontal at that leg's fullest knee extension, averaged over its strides. Smaller = more forward power. Compare sides with care: a sagittal view reads the far leg off estimated points.

stride_push_timing_left — Push Timing (L)

Where in the left leg's stride cycle the push-off lands. Each cycle runs from one deepest knee bend to the next (hip–knee–ankle points); push-off is the fullest extension between them, and the card is its position as a % of the cycle, averaged. Lower = the push finishes earlier and more of the cycle is glide — the per-leg view of the Push : Glide ratio. L/R gaps of a few points sit within frame noise (~3 pp per frame at 30 fps). Informational.

stride_push_timing_right — Push Timing (R)

Where in the right leg's stride cycle the push-off lands. Each cycle runs from one deepest knee bend to the next (hip–knee–ankle points); push-off is the fullest extension between them, and the card is its position as a % of the cycle, averaged. Lower = the push finishes earlier and more of the cycle is glide — the per-leg view of the Push : Glide ratio. L/R gaps of a few points sit within frame noise (~3 pp per frame at 30 fps). Informational.

stride_rate — Stride Rate

Strides per minute (one full cycle of a single leg). Each leg's cycle is timed from one deepest knee bend to the next, found from the hip, knee and ankle points; the card is 60 ÷ the median cycle time over both legs, so one missed or split cycle barely moves it. A higher rate isn't automatically better — it's one piece of the overall picture.

stride_time — Step time

Average time between two successive foot strikes (either foot) — the step period behind cadence. Strikes come from heel and first-toe contact detection, and the period is the same robust median of strike-to-strike intervals the cadence card uses.

stride_time_cv — Stride Time Variability

Step-to-step consistency: the standard deviation of each foot's strike-to-strike cycle time (both legs pooled) as a percentage of its mean. Strikes come from heel and first-toe contact detection; cycles over poorly tracked stretches are dropped; at least six are needed. A walker who cannot reproduce their stride recovers worse from a stumble. A short walk gives few cycles — read large values, not small differences. No target zone.

stroke_count — Strokes Found

How many forehands or backhands were found in the clip, side view: wrist-speed peaks at least half as fast as the fastest and at least 1.5 s apart, with the player at playing distance — the walk to and from the camera does not count. The other reads come from the fastest stroke; the consistency reads need three strokes or more.

sts_arm_assist — Arm Assist

Whether the arms left the folded-across-the-chest position during the test. The protocol keeps them folded, so using them makes the rise easier and the time not comparable. Flagged when the nearer wrist sits farther than 45% of the trunk length from the chest centre on a quarter of a rise's frames. It detects the arms moving, not whether they actually pushed.

sts_hip_asymmetry_at_seat_off — Hip Asymmetry at Seat-Off

Difference between the left and right hip angle (thigh against trunk) at the moment the client leaves the seat — the median gap over ±0.1 s around lift-off, then the median across the rises. A consistent gap suggests one leg is taking more of the work, often weakness or discomfort on one side. From a side view the far leg is partly hidden, so read it as a trend.

sts_hip_extension_top — Hip Extension at Top

How straight the hip gets at the top of each rise, in degrees of bend where 0° is fully upright — 180° minus the largest angle between the thigh (hip to knee) and the trunk (hip to shoulder) during the rise, median across rises. A repetition counts as complete only when the knee is within 10° of bend and the hip within 17°, and the hip usually falls short: a fast riser stands with the trunk slightly folded. A fine knee with few completed repetitions is explained here.

sts_hip_flexion_peak — Peak Hip Flexion

How far the client leans over the thighs as the hips leave the seat — the greatest hip bend (180° minus the thigh-to-trunk angle) from lift-off to standing, median across rises. Sitting alone is about 90°, so reaching 100° means a deliberate lean. That lean supplies the momentum a sit-to-stand depends on; without it the rise runs on leg strength alone.

sts_knee_asymmetry_at_seat_off — Knee Asymmetry at Seat-Off

Difference between the left and right knee angle (hip, knee and ankle points) at the moment the client leaves the seat — median gap over ±0.1 s around lift-off, then the median across rises. Shown without a target band on purpose: from a side view the far leg is partly hidden, and the error is as large as any difference worth flagging. Useful as a trend across sessions, not a single-session verdict.

sts_knee_extension_top — Knee Extension at Top

How straight the knee gets at the top of each rise, in degrees of bend where 0° is fully straight — 180° minus the largest knee angle (hip, knee and ankle points, whichever leg reads straighter on each frame) during the rise, median across rises. Above 10° the client never really stood up, and that is what separates a completed rise from a partial one.

sts_partial_reps — Partial Repetitions

Rises the client started but did not finish standing fully upright — the knee never reached 170° or the hip never reached 163° during the rise. On a frail client the last rise is usually the one that fades, so this is often the more telling number.

sts_peak_speed_decay_pct — Peak Rise Speed Decay

How much the upward speed of the rise drops from the first repetition to the last — the fatigue read across the test. Each rise's speed is the peak upward velocity of the hip midpoint, smoothed and converted to m/s from the athlete's height; decay = (first − last) ÷ first. A negative value means the client got faster, common once they find the rhythm. No validated threshold yet.

sts_reps_completed — Repetitions Completed

How many of the five rises finished fully upright — knee at 170° or more and hip at 163° or more at some point in the rise (from the shoulder, hip, knee and ankle points). Five is the test. A rise that stopped short counts under Rises Detected and Partial Repetitions instead, so a zero beside a healthy knee angle usually means the hip fell short: rising quickly leaves the trunk slightly folded.

sts_rises_detected — Rises Detected

How many rises off the seat were found in the clip, finished or not — each standing peak in the height of the hip midpoint that climbs at least a quarter of the clip's seated-to-standing range. Five detected with none completed means the client stood without fully straightening; two means only two attempts are on camera. Fewer than five switches the timing confidence to low and withholds the total time.

sts_stop_or_rest — Stop or Rest

Whether the client paused between repetitions instead of going straight into the next rise. Flagged when any seated pause (seat contact to the next lift-off, read from the height of the hip midpoint) lasts more than 2.5× the client's own median pause, so an evenly paced set does not trip it. Needs at least three pauses to judge.

sts_time_to_full_extension — Time to Full Extension

Seconds from the moment the hips leave the seat to the first frame by which the knee has reached 170° and the hip 163° — the hip stops that much shorter on a fast rise, so the tolerances differ — median over the rises that got there. It times the rise itself, not the reaction to the instruction. Blank when no repetition reached full extension. No target range yet.

sts_timing_note — 5xSTS Timing Note

A short line naming what prevented the time from being measured — fewer than five rises detected, a recording that began or ended mid-movement, or no rise that could be segmented at all. Accompanies a low timing confidence.

sts_total_time — 5xSTS Total Time

Time to complete all five rises, from the first forward lean to sitting back down on the fifth — the headline result, lower is better. The clock starts when the trunk begins to tilt forward before the first rise and stops when the hip midpoint is back at seat level and still after the fifth, on real frame timestamps. It starts at the first movement the camera sees rather than a spoken cue, and the target band is shifted to match.

sts_total_time_confidence — 5xSTS Timing Confidence

Whether the time can be trusted. Low means the clip did not show a clear start or finish: fewer than five rises were detected, the recording began or ended mid-movement, or no rise could be found at all. When it is low the time is withheld rather than estimated.

sts_trunk_lean_at_peak_flexion — Trunk Lean at Peak Flexion

Forward lean of the upper body at the moment the hip is most bent as the client leaves the seat — the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint against vertical, median across rises. A sustained lean past 10° suggests the rise is driven by swinging the torso rather than by the legs. A pointer to watch the movement, not a verdict: the boundaries are not yet validated.

swing_amplitude — Backswing Angle

The angle your bowling arm sweeps through the swing: the range between the smallest and largest angle at your bowling shoulder, between your upper arm and your side (elbow, shoulder, hip), over the 1.5 s before release.

swing_duration_ms — Swing Duration

INFORMATIONAL — time from the start of the load to contact, in ms. No green zone; use it as a rep-to-rep consistency signal. The load starts on the first frame the bat-side arm-to-trunk angle (elbow–shoulder–hip) moves more than 5° from its starting value; contact is the frame of peak bat-hand wrist speed.

swing_path — Swing Path

Wrist 2D trajectory through the stroke (cm), traced from the hitting-side wrist point. Stand-in for the racket-tip path, which is not tracked yet.

swing_pct — Swing Phase

Share of each foot's gait cycle spent off the ground, swinging the leg forward (~40% typical). Exactly 100% minus Stance Phase, from the same heel and first-toe contact detection, so it adds no new information — it is shown because clinical scoring sheets ask for the cycle in this form. No target zone.

swing_speed_proxy — Swing Speed

An estimate of how fast your hand moves as you let go of the ball: the speed of your bowling wrist on the release frame, converted to m/s using your height. It is your wrist's speed, not the ball's speed — the ball itself is not tracked.

swing_timing — Swing Timing

Early, on time or late — whether the ball and your feet reach the line together. The plain-words summary of Ball Parallel at Plant: on time when your forearm is within 20° of parallel as your sliding foot lands, late when it still points up past that, early when it has dropped below.

takeoff_duration — Take-Off Duration

Time from the start of the countermovement to the foot leaving the ground (loading plus push-off), in seconds. A prolonged or asymmetric take-off on the injured leg points to a lingering knee-extensor deficit even when the distance looks normal. No target band. Starts at the hip midpoint's highest point before its dip (within 1.2 s of take-off) and ends when the stance ankle leaves the floor.

takeoff_velocity — Takeoff Velocity

Velocity of the body at the moment the feet leave the ground, in m/s. For vertical jumps it is the vertical launch speed, g × flight time ÷ 2, with flight timed between the ankles leaving and returning to the floor (a centre-of-mass velocity estimate covers a missed flight); for hop sequences it is the forward speed — hop distance divided by that hop's flight time.

technique_confidence — Technique Confidence

How far to trust the Technique Score. "Low" means the reads it rests on contradict a real delivery — on a serve, two or more of: a toss height withheld as implausible, an elbow bent past ~80° at the contact frame, a knee still bent past ~60° at the drive, a trophy shoulder under 20°; on a bowling delivery, the torso read (hip-to-shoulder line) rejected as unstable at any checkpoint or trustworthy for under half the score. Treat it as indicative and check the recording.

Bowling: How far to trust the Overall Bowling Rating. “Low” means the body-lean reading — the line from your hips to your shoulders — could not be fully trusted: it was rejected as unsteady or implausible at a checkpoint, jumped too fast or rested on poorly seen shoulders and hips, or was trustworthy for under half the rating, which then leaned on the steadier knee reading. Treat it as indicative.

tempo — Lift Tempo

Lift time from the bar leaving the floor to the catch on a clean or snatch, in seconds. No green zone and not scored — a faster lift is not a better one, and the time mostly reflects the load. Both moments come from the bar track: the break-off is its first sustained rise, the catch the frame it has peaked and landed on the athlete.

thoracic_kyphosis — Upper-Back Rounding

How far the head and upper back pitch forward of the shoulders — higher = more hunched, rounded desk posture; above 50° flags a pronounced forward slouch. Measured as the angle from vertical of the line from the midpoint of the two shoulders to the midpoint of the two ears, averaged over the clip — a head-over-shoulder proxy, not a true spine curve.

thoracic_rotation_left — T-Spine Rotation L

Peak thoracic rotation to the left in the quadruped T-spine drill, from a back camera — the largest tilt of the line joining the two shoulder points against horizontal with the left shoulder raised, over the clip. About 25–45° per side is typical; compare with the right side.

thoracic_rotation_peak — T-Spine Rotation (Peak)

How far the upper back rotates in the quadruped T-spine drill, from a back camera — the tilt of the line joining the two shoulder points against horizontal as the top arm opens toward the ceiling, the larger of the two directions' peaks over the clip. About 30–50° is the healthy range.

thoracic_rotation_right — T-Spine Rotation R

Peak thoracic rotation to the right in the quadruped T-spine drill, from a back camera — the largest tilt of the line joining the two shoulder points against horizontal with the right shoulder raised, over the clip. About 25–45° per side is typical; compare with the left side.

thoracic_rotation_symmetry_pct — T-Spine Symmetry

How different the two rotation directions are, as a percentage — the gap between the left and right peak shoulder-line tilts (seen from behind) divided by their mean. 0% = both sides rotate equally; above about 15% points to a one-sided restriction.

tibial_inclination_ic — Shin Angle at Contact

How far the shin is tilted from vertical at the moment the feet land, in degrees. A more upright shin shifts the load toward the ankle and shortens the knee's lever for absorbing the impact, so it helps explain where in the chain the force is managed. Side view only: the angle of the knee-to-ankle line of the camera-side leg against vertical, read at the moment of touchdown, between the two frames either side of it.

tibial_inclination_peak_flexion — Shin Angle at Peak Flexion

How far the shin is tilted from vertical at the deepest knee bend of the landing, in degrees. Read it against the shin angle at contact: the difference is how far the shin travelled over the foot while the landing was absorbed. Side view only: the angle of the knee-to-ankle line of the camera-side leg against vertical, on the frame of maximum knee flexion.

time_505 — 5-0-5 Time

The headline 5-0-5 agility time: out to the turn and back. Lower is faster; 2.0–2.9 s is the target band. Timed on the hips' horizontal speed — from where the outbound sprint first exceeds a quarter of peak speed to where the return sprint last drops below it. With several reps in one clip, the fastest rep is reported.

time_505_confidence — 5-0-5 Time Confidence

Whether the 5-0-5 time could be timed. High = the drill's start and end were both found on the hip midpoint's horizontal speed (the run in, the turn, the run out), so the time is the frames between them. Low = the drill could not be bracketed and the 5-0-5 time is left out rather than guessed — usually a clip where the turn or an end of the run is out of frame.

time_505_tier — 5-0-5 Tier

Normative completion-time band for the drill, specific to the athlete's sex. Shown only when both the 5-0-5 time and sex are known. Men: elite under 2.30 s, good under 2.50 s, average up to 2.70 s, below average beyond; women: 2.60 / 2.80 / 3.00 s on the same steps.

time_to_contact_ms — Time to Contact

INFORMATIONAL — time from swing initiation (deepest takeback) to contact, in ms: how quickly the bat gets from the back of its arc to the ball. No green zone. Takeback is the frame before contact where the bat-side arm-to-trunk angle (elbow–shoulder–hip) is smallest; contact is the frame of peak bat-hand wrist speed.

time_to_lockout — Time to Lockout

Dead lift concentric phase: from the bar leaving the floor to full lockout, in seconds. No green zone and not scored — it depends mainly on the load and the intent, not on technique. Both moments come from the bar track: the break-off is its first sustained rise, the lockout the start of its top plateau once the bar has passed the knees.

time_to_peak_force — Time to Peak Force

Time from concentric onset to peak ground-reaction force in a Squat Jump, in ms. Shorter = more explosive force builder; longer with the same peak signals a slow-twitch-dominant profile or fatigue. Onset is the first moment the centre of mass rises at 0.05 m/s or more for about 50 ms out of the hold; the peak is the highest estimated force before take-off, from the whole-body centre-of-mass acceleration.

time_to_peak_landing_force — Time to Peak Landing Force

Time from touchdown to peak landing force, in ms. Longer = controlled eccentric absorption; non-contact ACL injuries occur within ~40 ms of contact, so a very short value flags high risk. Touchdown is detected from the stance ankle point; the peak is the highest force in the next 0.5 s, force estimated from the whole-body centre-of-mass acceleration.

time_to_postural_break_s — Time to Postural Break

Seconds from plank onset to the first sustained (over one second) drift of the body line beyond ±10° — where technique starts to go, usually before the athlete gives up. The body line is the angle at the hip between the shoulder and the ankle on the camera side, as a deviation from straight (sag or pike). Absent when the line never broke. Practice-level: shown, not scored.

time_to_stabilisation — Time to Stabilisation

Time from touchdown until the single-leg stance is stable (force within ±15 N of bodyweight for 0.5 s) — the primary neuromuscular-control metric; the card's green zone, set per exercise, is the target. Touchdown comes from the stance ankle point; force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments).

toe_trajectory — Toe Path

Path of the first-toe point. On gait it is the leg nearest the camera: x = distance ahead of the mid-hip, y = height above the floor line, in cm, one line per stride — the lowest point of the swing loop is the ground clearance, the classic trip-risk read. On the hop tests it is the landing foot, drawn from its standing position. Its gap from the heel path is the foot rotating, not the foot travelling.

torso_angle_change_first_pull — Torso Change (First Pull)

How much the torso lean changes from the bar leaving the floor to the bar passing the knees, in degrees. Near zero means the back angle held through the first pull; a negative value means the chest came up early. Side camera only; no green zone yet. Torso Angle (Pull) minus Torso Angle (Lift-off), each the median lean from vertical of the hip-to-shoulder midpoint line over the 0.1 s up to that moment.

torso_angle_liftoff — Torso Angle (Lift-off)

Torso lean from vertical as the bar leaves the floor. Compare it with Torso Angle (Pull): a back angle that holds through the first pull changes little. Side camera only; no green zone yet. Measured from the line joining the midpoint of the hips to the midpoint of the shoulders, as the median over the 0.1 s up to the frame the bar breaks off the floor.

torso_angle_pull — Torso Angle (Pull)

Torso lean from vertical as the bar passes the knees — the end of the first pull on a clean or snatch; about 25–60° is the target (snatch 25–55°). Measured from the line joining the midpoint of the hips to the midpoint of the shoulders, as the median over the 0.1 s up to the frame the bar crosses knee height — the back angle held into the knee pass, before the trunk starts to come up. Shown against its zone but not part of the score while this read is reviewed.

toss_height — Toss Height

Predicted peak of the tossed ball above the top of the head. From the free-hand wrist point: its height above the head at release plus the extra rise its upward release speed gives the ball under gravity; the top of the head is estimated from the eye and shoulder points. The ball itself is not tracked here. A read above about 1.1× standing height is withheld as not a real toss.

toss_height_below_head — Toss Height Below-Head

Flags whether the toss peaks below the top of the head: "Below" when Toss Height reads negative, otherwise "Above". A toss flagged "Below" is highlighted in amber — review the release frame.

toss_height_confidence — Toss Height Confidence

How far to trust Toss Height. The toss is predicted from the free-hand wrist point's upward speed at release, so a slow release gives little to extrapolate from. High = release speed of at least 1.5 m/s; low = slower than that, or a predicted peak above about 1.1× standing height, which is withheld as not a real toss (usually the wrong wrist, e.g. a left-hander analysed as right). Read low as a measurement limit, not a bad toss.

toss_height_ratio — Toss Peak (× Height)

The whole height of the toss, floor to peak, divided by the player's standing height, so players compare fairly. Same estimate as Toss Height — the tossing wrist's release height plus the rise its upward release speed gives the ball — but measured from the floor (the lowest ankle points in the clip) instead of the head. No target: a number to compare. Differences under ~0.1 are not meaningful. Hidden when Toss Height is hidden or low-confidence.

toss_path_lateral_deviation_cm — Toss Lateral Deviation

How far sideways the toss drifts, front view: the horizontal distance between the free-hand wrist point and the same-side (front) shoulder point at the toss apex — that hand's highest point before contact — converted to cm with the athlete's height. Lower is better; the card's green zone is the target.

total_hop_distance — Total Hop Distance

Sum of the three consecutive forward hops, from the start to the final landing — overall single-leg power. No target band: absolute cm depend on the in-frame scale calibration, so the height-normalised value carries the verdict. Tracked from the stance foot's first-toe point: its horizontal travel from the start position to the final landing, plus the depth change inferred from the change in apparent shoulder-to-ankle height.

total_hop_distance_normalized — Hop Distance / Height

Total hop distance divided by the athlete's profile height — the fairer comparison across athletes of different heights, and largely free of the in-frame scale calibration. Falling short of the card's green zone flags under-developed single-leg power or an incomplete return to play. Zone provisional. The distance is the stance foot's first-toe point travel over the three hops, from start to final landing.

total_lift_time — Total Time

Full lift duration in seconds, from the bar leaving the floor: to the bottom of the receive squat on a clean or snatch, and to the overhead lockout on a clean & jerk. For a clean & jerk this includes the settle pause between the clean and the dip, so a long value on a heavy attempt is normal. The receive bottom is the lowest hip point after the catch; the lockout is the bar's highest point overhead.

total_time — Total Time

Total movement time of the jump, from the start of the preparatory phase to a stabilised landing, in ms. It starts when the body first begins to move (the countermovement onset, or the hips starting to fall off the box on a drop jump) and ends when the hips have settled back into a steady stance after landing.

trail_foot_trajectory — Trail Foot Trajectory

2D path of the TRAIL foot — the leg the plant foot is not — through the change of direction, on the same axes as the plant-foot path (x relative to the hips, y height above the start). The plant foot brakes; the trail leg's repositioning turns that brake into a redirection: swung through early, the athlete leaves in the new direction; left trailing, they stall on the plant and re-accelerate from a stop. Tracked at the ankle.

trial_confidence — Trial Confidence

Whether the whole hop sequence was captured. High = every phase resolved: the hops were found (three for the triple hop; the out-hop and return flight for hop-and-return) and the final landing stabilised — the estimated vertical force settled near body weight and held there. Low = one phase is missing, as with a touch-down of the other foot, a step-off or no settled hold before the clip ends; treat the trial's numbers with care.

trophy_knee_confidence — Knee Confidence (Trophy)

Whether the camera could see the trophy knee bend. A knee bends in the player's side-on plane; once the hips open toward a sideline camera the bend looks shorter and the angle reads straighter. On the trophy frame the on-screen gap between the two hip points is compared with the hip width expected for the player's on-screen height (eyes to ankles): high = at most 45 % of it (side-on); low = hips opened or not seen, so the angle is an estimate.

trophy_knee_flexion — Trophy Knee Angle

Bend of the hitting-side knee at the trophy — the deepest knee point before the upward drive. Read as degrees of bend, like the on-video joint chip and the knee graph: 0° = straight, more = deeper load; the angle is taken at the knee point between the hip and ankle points. Too little bend means the leg didn't load into the drive. The target band differs by exercise and is shown on the tile.

trophy_load_lag_ms — Load Lag

Time from the racket-high (the trophy pose) to the deepest knee bend. Near zero: the legs are fully loaded as the racket reaches the top. Positive: the legs bottom out after the trophy pose, during the racket drop — the pattern behind "no load at the trophy". Shown for reference only, not scored. The racket-high comes from the detected racket, or from the hitting wrist's first high point when the racket isn't tracked; omitted when neither is found.

trophy_shoulder_angle — Shoulder Angle (Trophy)

Dominant-shoulder abduction at the trophy position — the planar elbow–shoulder–hip point angle from the side, read at the racket-high (the frame the detected racket is highest before the drop), else at the hitting wrist's first high point, else at the deepest knee bend. Green 80–110°: at the trophy the hitting arm sits at ~90–100°; the joint only reaches its 110±15° maximum at contact. Not true 3D external rotation.

trophy_shoulder_confidence — Shoulder Confidence (Trophy)

Which instant the trophy shoulder angle was read at, and whether the camera could see it. "High" = the racket-high from the detected racket, the trophy pose the band describes. "Medium" = a stand-in for the racket-high was used: the hitting wrist's own trophy peak, which lands on the same frame on most serves; or, on a trophy held while the knees bend, the moment the tossing arm is highest with the racket already up; or the angle was estimated from how high the elbow sits, because the upper arm pointed at the camera and the angle in the image was foreshortened. "Low" = either none of the three could be found, so the shoulder was read at the deepest knee bend, which comes 70–300 ms later during the racket drop and reads lower — or the shoulders were turned edge-on to the camera at that frame (or could not be read) and the angle was taken straight from the image, so the upper arm's angle from the trunk is foreshortened. Read "Low" as "compare with care", not as a fault.

true_hip_flexion_angle — True Hip Flexion

Largest hip bend away from the athlete's own neutral during the clip. The hip angle is taken on each side between the shoulder midpoint, the hip and the knee, and the two sides are averaged; neutral is the angle held while the body is stillest (the slowest-changing 20% of frames), and the value is the biggest excursion from it in either direction. Beta, not scored.

trunk_angle — Trunk Angle

Lean of the trunk from vertical — the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint against vertical, 0° upright, 90° horizontal; forward, backward and sideways lean read the same. In a held position it is the median over the middle 60% of the clip; in a change of direction it is the value at the moment the foot plants.

trunk_angle_at_set — Trunk Angle at Set

The angle of the back (hips to shoulders) against horizontal in the set position: 0° is a flat back, negative means the shoulders sit below the hips, positive means above.

trunk_angle_change_snap — Trunk Movement Through the Snap

How much the back angle changes from the set to the release. Positive means the shoulders came up during the snap, negative means they dropped further. The release is the last frame the hands touch the ball (or, when the ball is not tracked, the moment the hand nearer the camera passes behind the hips).

trunk_angle_cycling — Trunk Angle

Torso lean from vertical while riding — 0° upright, 90° flat. Discipline-dependent: road positions typically 35–55°, time-trial/aero above 60°. Angle between vertical and the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint, median over the bottom-of-stroke frames of the second half of the detected pedal cycles.

trunk_anterior_inclination — Trunk Anterior Lean

Maximum forward tilt of the torso during the lunge. 0° = fully upright, 90° = horizontal; the card's green zone is the target. Largest angle between vertical and the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint, from the lunge launch to the deepest front-knee bend after landing; a lean either way counts.

trunk_extension_peak_deg — Trunk Extension From Prone

Extension of the lower back from prone: how far the shoulder-to-hip line rose above horizontal in the press-up — 0° lying flat. Typical range 30–60°.

trunk_flexion_landing — Trunk Flexion (Landing)

Forward lean of the upper body at landing, from the side view. Leaning forward with the hips and knees bending is the protective pattern; an upright or sideways-leaning trunk shifts the load onto the quads and the knee. The card's green zone is the target. The angle of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint against vertical, on the last frame before the foot lands (the last frame the stance ankle is still above floor level).

trunk_inclination — Trunk Inclination

Lateral lean of the trunk off vertical in the frontal plane: the angle of the mid-hip→mid-shoulder line from vertical on a front or back camera, reported as the largest lean to either side over the movement. A persistent lean to one side shifts the centre of mass off the stance foot and drives compensation up the chain.

trunk_lateral_flexion_left — Trunk Lateral Flexion L

How far the trunk bent sideways to the left from upright: the angle of the line from mid-hip to mid-shoulder off vertical at the deepest bend, read from the front or the back. Typical range 25–45°.

trunk_lateral_flexion_right — Trunk Lateral Flexion R

How far the trunk bent sideways to the right from upright: the angle of the line from mid-hip to mid-shoulder off vertical at the deepest bend, read from the front or the back. Typical range 25–45°.

trunk_lateral_flexion_rom_total — Lateral Flexion ROM (Total)

The sideways bend to the left and to the right added together, each measured from upright, read from the front or the back. Typical combined range 50–90°.

trunk_lateral_flexion_symmetry_pct — Bend Symmetry

How different the left and right side bends are, as a percentage — the gap between the two peak side-bend angles divided by their mean. 0% = equal both ways; above about 12% points to a one-sided restriction.

trunk_lateral_sway — Trunk Sway

Frame-by-frame sideways offset of the mid-shoulder from the mid-hip, in cm scaled from the athlete's height, from a front or back camera. Signed so the same lean reads the same on either camera: positive = shoulders shifted toward the athlete's left.

trunk_lateral_sway_peak — Trunk Sway

Largest sideways offset of the mid-shoulder from the mid-hip over the movement, front or back camera, in cm scaled from the athlete's height. Past the card's green zone it is a compensatory lean — the athlete uses the trunk to balance a pelvis that weak abductors can't hold level.

trunk_lean — Trunk Lean

How far the upper body tilts from vertical — the angle of the mid-hip→mid-shoulder line seen from the side, forward or back alike. Walking and skating report the average over the movement, a squat the largest lean in the rep, and a racket stroke the value at ball contact. Some lean is normal; what counts as good depends on the exercise.

trunk_lean_at_backswing — Backswing Body Lean

How far your upper body leans forward at the top of the backswing — the moment your bowling wrist is highest before release: the tilt from vertical of the line from the midpoint between your hips to the midpoint between your shoulders, median over ±0.1 s. Left out when your swing could not be followed reliably.

trunk_lean_at_contact — Trunk Lean (Contact)

How far the trunk is tilted from vertical at the moment of contact, in degrees. Measured as the tilt from vertical of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint, at the contact frame (peak hand speed). The angle has no sign: leaning forward and leaning back by the same amount read the same, so check the direction on the video.

Football (Trunk Lean at Contact): Trunk lean at the moment of contact — leaning forward over the ball vs. upright or leaning back. Signed against the kick direction: positive = shoulders ahead of the hips in the direction the foot travels (over the ball), negative = shoulders behind them (leaning back). Measured as the tilt from vertical of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint, as the median over ±0.1 s around the contact frame (peak kicking-foot speed).

trunk_lean_at_release — Trunk Lean (Release)

Trunk forward lean at release, from the side: the tilt from vertical of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint. Coaching cue: bowling — balances roll vs lift; pitching — sets the downhill plane.

Bowling (Forward Body Lean): How far your upper body leans forward when you let go of the ball: the tilt from vertical of the line from the midpoint between your hips to the midpoint between your shoulders, median over ±0.1 s around the release. The right lean balances roll against lift. Side view.

trunk_lean_frontal_deg — Trunk Lean (Frontal)

Sideways trunk lean at contact on the front-view serve: the tilt from vertical of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint. Positive = leaning away from the hitting arm, the expected direction; healthy about 10–25°, over 30° is a flag.

trunk_lean_peak — Peak Trunk Lean

Maximum trunk inclination during the sprint. Sprints lean deeper than steady riding; 25–45° is the target. Largest angle over the clip between vertical and the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint (0° = upright).

trunk_lean_release — Trunk Lean at Release

Trunk lean at release. A near-upright trunk keeps the base balanced; excessive lean leaks energy and drifts off line; green 0–15°. Measured at release (the end of the arm's drive, as the shooting elbow straightens) as the tilt from vertical of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint — the size of the lean, forward or back.

trunk_peak — Trunk Peak

Largest trunk lean from vertical reached in the clip — the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint against vertical, 0° upright, 90° horizontal; forward, backward and sideways lean read the same; the maximum over every tracked frame.

trunk_rom — Trunk ROM

Range of trunk lean across the clip — largest minus smallest angle of the line from the hip midpoint to the shoulder midpoint against vertical, over every tracked frame. It captures forward, backward and sideways bending; a pure twist about the spine barely changes it, so it under-reads rotation drills.

trunk_rotation_amplitude — Trunk Rotation Amplitude

How much the trunk turns through the swing: the angular range of the line joining the two shoulder points in the image — in tennis measured relative to the line joining the two hip points over ±0.6 s around contact, in badminton over the backswing alone. In tennis it is shown for reference, not scored.

trunk_rotation_asymmetry_deg — Trunk Rotation Asymmetry

Difference between the rotation to each side. The green range is provisional.

trunk_rotation_at_contact — Trunk Rotation (Contact)

How far the shoulders have turned through the drive at contact — a side-view proxy for trunk rotation; no green zone yet. Contact is the frame of peak bat-hand wrist speed; the value is the tilt of the line through both shoulders from horizontal on screen, 0–90°. True rotation is 3D, so compare it across your own shots.

trunk_rotation_left_deg — Trunk Rotation, Left

How far the shoulders turned to the left from facing the camera, against the hips — trunk rotation over a still pelvis, read from the front. Shown per side with a provisional green range; rotation reads await validation before scoring.

trunk_rotation_right_deg — Trunk Rotation, Right

How far the shoulders turned to the right from facing the camera, against the hips — trunk rotation over a still pelvis, read from the front. Shown per side with a provisional green range; rotation reads await validation before scoring.

trunk_rotation_total_deg — Trunk Rotation, Total

Trunk rotation to the left and to the right added together. Typical combined range 60–90°.

trunk_stability — Trunk Angle Stability

How steady the trunk stayed during the hold — standard deviation of the trunk lean from vertical (hip midpoint to shoulder midpoint) over the middle 60% of the clip. The primary balance signal for single-leg and narrow-base poses; lower = steadier.

trunk_tibia_angle — Trunk–Shin Alignment

How the lean of the trunk compares with the lean of the shin at the bottom of the squat, filmed from the side. Near 0° the trunk and shin are parallel. Positive means the trunk leans further forward than the shin (hip-dominant), negative means the shin leans further (knee-dominant). Within ±10° is a neutral squat; the ±20° outer edge is provisional. Part of the technique score.

tug_sit_down_time — TUG Sit Down

How long it took to line up with the chair and lower onto the seat: from the end of the walk back (the hip stops its step-by-step bob) to the moment the mid-hip settles at seated height. Usually about a sixth of the whole test.

tug_sit_to_stand_time — TUG Sit-to-Stand

How long it took to get out of the chair and start walking, including any pause between standing up and stepping off: from the first forward lean of the trunk (the hip→shoulder line) to the first step-by-step bob of the hip. Usually about a sixth of the whole test.

tug_timing_note — TUG Timing Note

Why the timing was refused on this capture, in plain words — empty when it worked. Every check reads the mid-hip track: the clip must open and close with the client seated, and show a walk down the course and a reversal between the two chair transfers. It is here so the next capture can be fixed rather than repeated the same way.

tug_total_time — TUG Total Time

How long the whole test took — rise, 3 m walk out, turn, walk back and sit, timed as one span from the first forward lean of the trunk (hip→shoulder line) to the moment the mid-hip settles back at seated height. Lower is better; the target depends on age and sex. Timing starts at the first visible movement, not a spoken 'go', so it reads a few tenths shorter than a stopwatch and the target is shifted to match.

tug_total_time_confidence — TUG Timing Confidence

Whether the timing could be trusted on this capture, judged from the mid-hip track. 'Low' means the clip opened with the client already standing, ended before they were back on the seat, contained no walk down the course, or never showed a turn — and in that case no time is shown at all rather than a guess. The note beside it says which.

tug_turn_steps — TUG Turn Steps

How many steps the client took to come round the half turn: foot strikes from either foot inside the turn phase, detected from the heel and first-toe points over the standing part of the clip (two feet landing on the same frame count once). A steady client pivots in two or three; an unsteady one breaks the turn into many small shuffling steps, and more than four is a recognised hesitancy marker.

tug_turn_time — TUG Turn

How long the half turn at the point took: the time the mid-hip stays within a short band of its far end of the course, with the shoulders also seen coming round. A long turn is the classic unsteady pattern — the client breaks it into more, smaller steps instead of pivoting. Usually about a sixth of the whole test.

tug_walk_back_cadence — TUG Walk Back Cadence

Steps per minute over the walk back to the chair, measured on that leg on its own: foot strikes are detected from the heel and first-toe points in that leg alone and their median interval converted to steps per minute. This leg starts coming out of the turn, so the drop from the walk-out cadence is the reading — on a steady client the two legs agree within a few steps per minute.

tug_walk_back_contact_time — TUG Walk Back Stance

How long one foot stays on the ground per step during the walk back to the chair: the median heel-strike-to-toe-off time over that leg, from heel and first-toe contact detection at 200 fps. Longer stance with lower cadence than the walk out means the client did not recover their pace after turning. On a steady adult both legs sit near 700 ms at about 100 steps per minute.

tug_walk_back_time — TUG Walk Back

How long the 3 m walk back to the chair took: from the end of the turn (the mid-hip leaves the far end of the course) to where the hip's step-by-step bob stops. Usually about a fifth of the whole test.

tug_walk_out_cadence — TUG Walk Out Cadence

Steps per minute over the walk away from the chair, measured on that leg on its own from the foot strikes detected at the heel and first-toe points (median interval). Read it beside the walk-back cadence rather than against a norm: this leg starts from a chair and ends decelerating into the turn, so it is not steady-state walking. A client who slows between the two legs is showing turn-related hesitancy that the total time hides.

tug_walk_out_contact_time — TUG Walk Out Stance

How long one foot stays on the ground per step during the walk away from the chair: the median heel-strike-to-toe-off time over that leg, from heel and first-toe contact detection at 200 fps. Shown without a target zone: the stance-time band on the walking card is for steady-state gait, and a 3 m leg between a chair and a turn is not that.

tug_walk_out_time — TUG Walk Out

How long the 3 m walk out to the point took: from the first step-by-step bob of the hip to where the mid-hip reaches the far end of the course and the turn begins. Usually a little over a quarter of the whole test.

turn_strategy — Turn Strategy

Cut style derived from speed retention: momentum-based (a rounded, speed-carrying cut) vs stop-and-go (a planted, near-stop pivot). Momentum-based when the athlete keeps at least 30 % of approach speed through the turn — the slowest hip speed near the pivot versus the approach peak; stop-and-go below that. Not shown on a 5-0-5 or a 180° cut, where speed always drops to zero at the turn.

v_hipx_min — Min forward hip velocity

The lowest forward hip velocity during stance — the braking trough each step. For each stance the mid-hip's forward velocity relative to the planted foot (midpoint of its heel and first-toe points) is taken over the braking part, and its low (10th-percentile) value is averaged across stances, so it holds on a treadmill or a panning camera. Same units as Speed: far below your average speed means heavy braking on landing.

Agility, American Football (Minimum Velocity): The lowest forward speed of the hips during the cut, in m/s — the bottom of the speed-loss curve, read at the plant frame. It is the hip midpoint's horizontal speed over the ground (smoothed over about a quarter-second), not relative to the foot, so it needs a camera that stays still. Higher = a rounder, momentum-preserving cut.

valgus_collapse_score — Valgus Collapse

CMAS-style 2D valgus-collapse composite (0–100, higher = more collapse and ACL risk), read within ±0.15 s of the plant on a front or back camera. Four peaks — knee angle inward or outward (hip–knee–ankle line), thigh angle inward or outward (thigh vs vertical), pelvic drop (hip-point line) and trunk sway (shoulders vs hips) — each score 0 at none and 1 at twice its low-risk limit (8°, 15°, 6°, 6 cm); the value is their mean × 100. Provisional; kept out of the technique score.

vertical_force — Vertical Force

Reconstructed vertical ground-reaction force over the clip — the force driven into the ground each stance, peaking around 2–3× bodyweight when running. Each contact detected at the heel and first-toe points gets a double-humped force pulse sized so the step's impulse supports body weight over the step time, zero in flight and capped at 3.5× bodyweight. Drawn only when the athlete's weight is on file. Chart only. Beta: model-derived.

vertical_loading_rate — Vertical Loading Rate

How fast the vertical force rises from touchdown to peak (×BW/s). High values mean a rigid, poorly-attenuated landing; <80 ×BW/s is a proposed ACL return-to-sport criterion. Peak landing force divided by the time from touchdown (detected from the stance ankle point) to that peak; force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments).

vertical_oscillation — Vertical Oscillation

How much the hips bounce up and down while running. For every step — one foot strike to the next — the mid-hip's highest minus lowest point is measured, in cm scaled from the athlete's height; the card is the median over the well-tracked steps, so clip length does not inflate it. Not shown on overground runs, where the following camera moves too. Lower is usually more efficient. No green zone and not in the score: the mid-hip stands in for the body's centre of mass, close to it but not the same point, so the number is indicative — compare the same runner over time.

vertical_rise — Vertical Rise

How much the athlete rises from the bottom of the load to release, in cm — the vertical leg drive transferred into the shot. Measured as the upward travel of the hip midpoint from the set point (the shooting wrist's lowest position as the final rise into release begins) to release (the end of the arm's drive, as the shooting elbow straightens), converted to cm using the athlete's height.

vertical_stability_index — Vertical Stability Index

RMS deviation of the vertical force from bodyweight over the landing-to-stabilisation window (×BW). High values mean a vertical force-control deficit (stiff landing), not a balance deficit. The window runs from touchdown to the moment force stays within ±15 N of bodyweight for 0.5 s; force is estimated from the vertical acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (a weighted average of all tracked body segments).

vertical_stiffness — Vertical Stiffness

Spring-like resistance of the lower-limb muscle–tendon system in a CMJ, kN/m. Higher = efficient stretch-shortening (stiff tendons return elastic energy rapidly); acute drops suggest neuromuscular fatigue. Peak push-off force (up to takeoff, so not the landing) divided by countermovement depth — how far the hip midpoint drops from standing tall to the bottom of the dip; force estimated from the whole-body centre-of-mass acceleration.

vertical_velocity — Vertical Velocity

Vertical velocity of the body's centre of mass through the jump, in m/s — negative during the descent, peaking at take-off, zero at the top of the flight, negative again on landing. The centre of mass is a weighted average of all tracked body segments; its frame-to-frame height change, scaled with the athlete's height, gives the speed.

weapon_hand_deceleration — Weapon Hand Deceleration

Share of its speed the weapon-hand wrist loses over the last tenth of a second before the touch. Low = the hand drives through the target; near 100 % = it stops short and the touch lands on momentum alone.

weapon_hand_deceleration_class — Hand Arrival

Whether the weapon hand is still speeding up into the touch, slows into it, or stops before it, read from how its speed changes over the last tenth of a second. The cut between slowing and stopping is provisional.

weapon_hand_peak_speed — Weapon Hand Peak Speed

Fastest the weapon-hand wrist travels from the launch of the lunge to the touch, in metres per second, measured in the camera frame — so it includes the body's own travel toward the target.

weapon_hand_speed — Weapon Hand Speed

Weapon-hand wrist speed across the clip, in metres per second. The strike shows as one sharp rise; where it falls away relative to the touch is the deceleration.

weapon_hand_speed_at_contact — Weapon Hand Speed at Touch

Weapon-hand wrist speed at the touch. The touch is taken close to the moment the lead foot lands, while the hand still carries the strike — before the arm's full extension. Read it against the peak speed: a hand still moving here carries the attack through.

weapon_hand_trajectory — Weapon Hand Trajectory

Path of the weapon-hand wrist relative to the hips during a lunge. x = reach toward the opponent, y = height above the en-garde stance. Read it against the front-foot path: both leave the same en-garde origin, and the hand should break toward the opponent FIRST and keep extending while the foot travels — a hand that leaves after the foot is the telegraph Hand-Foot Start Delta penalises. Wrist of the armed arm, in cm from the opening stance.

weight_transfer_pct — Weight Transfer

How far body weight has moved forward into the shot, 0–100 %, read from the midpoint of the two hip points. In tennis and padel: where it sits between the two ankle points at contact (100 % = over the front foot). In badminton: its net travel in either direction (forward or back) from the ready phase to contact as a share of its total travel — drifting backward reads the same as stepping in. In pickleball: the same front-foot read as the tennis groundstrokes, from the side view only.

wrist_against_wall_pct — Wrist Wall Contact

Share of the wall slide in which the arms stayed on the wall, from a back camera. Each arm on each frame counts as in contact when the sideways offset of its wrist from its shoulder stays within 5 cm of that arm's usual (median) offset; 100% = constant contact. 85% or more is the target.

wrist_dorsiflexion — Wrist Dorsiflexion

How far the hand bends back off the forearm line while working — 0° = hand in line with the forearm; 0–10° neutral, 10–25° moderate tendon load, over 25° sustained extension. Measured on the camera side as the angle between the forearm (elbow to wrist) and the hand (wrist to index knuckle, or the fifth-metacarpal point), averaged over the clip; frames where the hand point is hidden or implausible are dropped.

wrist_dorsiflexion_confidence — Wrist Dorsiflexion Confidence

Whether Wrist Dorsiflexion could be measured. The angle needs a trustworthy hand point (index-finger knuckle, or the little-finger knuckle, depending on the tracking) beyond the wrist; a frame is rejected when that point is low-confidence or implausibly far — a hand longer than the forearm. Low = every frame was rejected, typically fingers hidden on a keyboard, and the value is left out rather than guessed; high = it was measured.

wrist_paddle_angle — Wrist-Paddle Angle

Forearm tilt from horizontal at contact — the angle of the line from the elbow point to the wrist point, 0° level to 90° vertical. A proxy for paddle orientation; a coaching cue, not the legality check.

wrist_speed — Wrist Speed

Dominant-wrist linear velocity just before contact — the hitting wrist point's speed 50 ms before its speed peak, converted to m/s with the athlete's height. The honest hand-speed read Racket Speed (Est.) is derived from (× 3.7). Not a racket-head or radar reading.

wrist_trajectory — Wrist Trajectory

The path your wrist draws through the whole swing — a pendulum, when the swing is free. Traced from your bowling wrist, from 1.5 s before release to 0.5 s after.